91,755 research outputs found
S. M. Pike to Horace Kephart, October 8, 1921
No full textIn a letter to Horace Kephart on October 8, 1921, S. M. Pike of The Wilder-Pike Thermometer Company informs Kephart that “Cook by Known Heat” is out of print, but "Sally Sweet’s Own Recipes” is available. Pike includes prices for their thermometers.Wilder-Pike Thermometer Company
INCORPORATED
SUCCESSORS TO CHARLES WILDER CO., MAKERS OF
l^isii
ACCURATE THERMOMETEI
TROY, N.Y., U.S.A.
October 8, 1931.
Horaoe Kephart,
Bryson City, I* 0.
Dear Sir:-
We are in receipt of your letter of the 6th requesting "Cook by Known Heat" folder. This folder is now
out of print, but to take its place we have a booklet
entitled "Sally Sweet's Own Recipes" which contains
several very good recipes for candy and frostings.
Assuming that you are somewhat interested in cooking
thermometers, we quote as follows prices on the several
patterns:
#698 Candy Thermometer .
#696 Deep Fat Cooking" .
#974 Oven " ,
#980 Fireless Cooker " .
Fl.35 each
1.75 "
1.25 "
1.00 "
These prices are net, postpaid.
Generally Wilder Thermometers are sold through hardware
dealers, opticians, optical and housefunnishing departments of department stores, etc.j but inasmuch as we
have no direct agents in your locality, we will bae
pleased to take care of your needs direct.
Thanking you for writing us, we are
Very truly yurs,
!
THE WILDER-PJK
SMP-EK
ER CO.,INC
Cryopreservation of Pike Perch Sperm in Hatchery Conditions
No full textExperiments were carried out on pike perch (Sander lucioperca L.) to find a method for stripping
sperm without contamination by urine, to determine sperm concentration, and to fertilize large
batches of eggs with cryopreserved sperm. Induced spawning technology for pike perch, an
important predator fish species in Hungarian and central-eastern European pond aquaculture,
has been developed only recently. Sperm cryopreservation can be an important tool for several
reasons including the simplification of hatchery work and long-term preservation of genomes of
males with high genetic value. In the present study, sperm was stripped without urine contamination,
improving sperm quality, and large amounts of eggs were fertilized using 0.25 ml sperm,
resulting in hatching percentages of 55±3% for 30-g batches of eggs and 87% for a 50-g batch
Intraspecific variation in the metabolism of juvenile Atlantic salmon salmo salar and northern pike esox lucius
Get PDFBasal metabolic rate (BMR), the sum of maintenance energy costs, represents a major component of the energy budgets of ectothermic vertebrates and varies between individuals within a species. Individual ectotherms are generally assumed to have a constant BMR at any given temperature. A strategy of flexibility in BMR might have evolved to cope with differing environmental conditions. Within-individual variation in BMR was examined in two fishes, juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and juvenile northern pike Esox lucius, whilst the effects of exercise and ration on BMR, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), enzyme levels and body composition were studied in detail for pike. In the first part of the study, measurements of BMR were made for first-summer Atlantic salmon parr at rest by respirometry. In 1996, initial measurements of BMR were made for 25 fish held in a stock tank. Fish were then allocated in small groups to channels to represent a change in environment and BMR re-measured after a period of several weeks. The procedure was repeated for 30 fish in the summer of 1997, when fish were given a reduced food ration. Variation in BMR in each experiment was analysed for individual fish, and for all fish using a linear mixed model. There were statistically significant differences in BMR values between the two times, the within-individual, between-time variation representing approximately ± 21% of BMR in 1996 and ± 28% of BMR in 1997. Reduced-rafion fish (1997) displayed a significant decrease in the mean elevation of the allometric scaling relationship between body mass and BMR between time periods. To further explore possible mechanisms for flexibility in BMR and relationships with MMR, juvenile pike were used. Initial measurements of BMR and MMR (following exhaustive exercise) were made and factorial metabolic scope calculated (MMR/BMR). Fish were then split into a high ration no-exercise group (n = 10), low ration no-exercise group (n = 10) and sustained exercise group (n = 13). Initial measurements were termed time 1, with subsequent measurements made after approximately 3 weeks (time 2) and 11 weeks (time 3). Exercised fish had a significantly larger MMR and scope following 3 weeks of sustained swimming. For all fish there were significant correlations between BMR and MMR at times 1 and 3 but not at time 2.After the oxygen measurements made at time 3 all fish were humanely killed. Maximal enzyme assays were performed on six tissues for each remaining fish (n = 30). Levels of each of two enzymes (citrate synthase, CS, and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, measured in the direction of lactate oxidation) were found to be similar between treatment groups for respective tissues. Total CS activity levels and LDH levels were highest in the heart and red muscle. In general there was little difference in the relative organ masses of fish exposed to different treatments. It is concluded that in these two fish species with very different life styles, between- and within- individual variation in BMR (salmon & pike) and MMR (pike only) is apparent and that differences in ration and exercise influence individual physiology
Comparison of Growth in Pike-Perch (Sander lucioperca) and Hybrids of Pike-Perch (S. lucioperca) × Volga Pike-Perch (S. volgensis)
Get PDFGrowth of intensively cultured pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L.) and hybrids of pike-perch females × Volga pike-perch (S. volgensis Gmelin, 1789) males (1.75 g) were compared in a 35-day experiment. Fish were sorted into three groups (50 fish/aquarium): S. lucioperca grown separately (Group P), hybrids grown separately (Group H), and a mixed group of 25 S. lucioperca (Group Mp) grown together with 25 hybrids (Group Mh). The stocking density was 0.44 g/l. Final body weights were 6.83 g, 6.54 g, 5.17 g, and 4.84 g, and specific growth rates were 3.9%/day, 3.75%/day, 3.1%/day, and 2.89%/day, for groups Mp, P, Mh, and H, respectively. The weight, length, and specific growth rates of the S. lucioperca were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the hybrids, whether grown separately or together. The feed conversion rate of the hybrids grown separately was significantly higher (1.28 g/g) than all other groups. Further investigation is needed to study the growth performance of larger hybrids, to compare the hybrid with S. volgensis, and to investigate the possibility of cross hybridization
Behavioural syndrome in a solitary predator is independent of body size and growth rate.
No full textModels explaining behavioural syndromes often focus on state-dependency, linking behavioural variation to individual differences in other phenotypic features. Empirical studies are, however, rare. Here, we tested for a size and growth-dependent stable behavioural syndrome in the juvenile-stages of a solitary apex predator (pike, Esox lucius), shown as repeatable foraging behaviour across risk. Pike swimming activity, latency to prey attack, number of successful and unsuccessful prey attacks was measured during the presence/absence of visual contact with a competitor or predator. Foraging behaviour across risks was considered an appropriate indicator of boldness in this solitary predator where a trade-off between foraging behaviour and threat avoidance has been reported. Support was found for a behavioural syndrome, where the rank order differences in the foraging behaviour between individuals were maintained across time and risk situation. However, individual behaviour was independent of body size and growth in conditions of high food availability, showing no evidence to support the state-dependent personality hypothesis. The importance of a combination of spatial and temporal environmental variation for generating growth differences is highlighted
Wright, S. M.
No full textSee entry in Pike County, volume 1, page 8: https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voter1867/id/413
Letter. Late cretaceous seasonal ocean variability from the arctic
No full textThe modern Arctic Ocean is regarded as barometer of global change and amplifier of global warming1 and therefore records of past Arctic change are of a premium for palaeoclimate reconstruction. Little is known of the state of the Arctic Ocean in the greenhouse period of the late Cretaceous, yet records from such times may yield important clues to its future behaviour given current global warming trends. Here we present the first seasonally resolved sedimentary record from the Cretaceous from the Alpha Ridge of the Arctic Ocean. This “paleo-sediment trap” provides new insights into the workings of the Cretaceous marine biological carbon pump. Seasonal primary production was dominated by diatom algae but was not related to upwelling as previously hypothesised. Rather, production occurred within a stratified water column, involving specially adapted species in blooms resembling those of the modern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, or those indicated for the Mediterranean sapropels. With increased CO2 levels and warming currently driving increased stratification in the global ocean, this style of production that is adapted to stratification may become more widespread. Our evidence for seasonal diatom production and flux testify to an ice-free summer, but thin accumulations of terrigenous sediment within the diatom ooze are consistent with the presence of intermittent sea ice in the winter, supporting a wide body of evidence for low temperatures in the Late Cretaceous Arctic Ocean, rather than recent suggestions of a 15 °C mean annual temperature at this time
Giant sea pike caught
Get PDFA large size giant sea pike (Sphyraena
jello) (Cuvier) measuring 1.45 m in total length
and weighing 25 kg was caught in the hook
and line off Vizhinjam
545, 7 pages Comparison of Growth in Pike-Perch (Sander lucioperca) and Hybrids of Pike-Perch (S. lucioperca) × Volga Pike-Perch
No full textAbstract Growth of intensively cultured pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L.) and hybrids of pike-perch females × Volga pike-perch (S. volgensis Gmelin, 1789) males (1.75 g) were compared in a 35-day experiment. Fish were sorted into three groups (50 fish/aquarium): S. lucioperca grown separately (Group P), hybrids grown separately (Group H), and a mixed group of 25 S. lucioperca (Group Mp) grown together with 25 hybrids (Group Mh). The stocking density was 0.44 g/l. Final body weights were 6.83 g, 6.54 g, 5.17 g, and 4.84 g, and specific growth rates were 3.9%/day, 3.75%/day, 3.1%/day, and 2.89%/day, for groups Mp, P, Mh, and H, respectively. The weight, length, and specific growth rates of the S. lucioperca were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the hybrids, whether grown separately or together. The feed conversion rate of the hybrids grown separately was significantly higher (1.28 g/g) than all other groups. Further investigation is needed to study the growth performance of larger hybrids, to compare the hybrid with S. volgensis, and to investigate the possibility of cross hybridization
Techniques for Evaluating the Spatial Behaviour of River-Fish
Get PDFRadio-tagging is widely used for studies of movements, resource use and demography of land vertebrates, with potential to combine such data for predictive modelling of populations from individuals. Such modelling requires standard measures of individual space use, for combination with data on resources, survival, dispersal and breeding. This paper describes how protocols for efficient collection of space-use data can be developed during a pilot study, and reviews the ways in which such data can be used for space-use indices that help answer biological questions, with examples from a study of riverine pike (Esox lucius). Analyses of diurnal activity and spatio-temporal correlation were used to assess when to record locations, and analyses of home range increments were used to define the number of location records necessary to assess seasonal ranges. We stress the importance of developing protocols that use minimal numbers of locations from each individual, so that analyses can be based on samples of many individuals. The efficacy of link-distance (e.g. cluster analysis) and location density (e.g. contouring) techniques for spatial analysis for river fish were compared, and the utility of clipping off areas to river banks was assessed. In addition, a new automated analysis was used to estimate distances along river mid-lines. These techniques made it possible to quantify interactions between individuals and their habitat: including a significant increase in core range size during floods, significant preference for deep pools, and a lack of exclusive territories
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