University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

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    Dietary incorporation of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, enhances growth performance, survival rate, gametogenesis and intestinal health, in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>)

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    This study assessed the probiotic effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis HBB 493® on growth, survival, gametogenesis, and intestinal health of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). 600 juveniles were divided into five experimental groups namely: Control group I (0.0 cfu/g), group II (6.5x109 cfu/g), group III (1.3x1010 cfu/g), group IV (2.6x1010 cfu/g) and group V(3.9x1010 cfu/g). Each treatment and control had three replicates, while each replicate had 40 fish. The duration of the experiment was 100 days. At the termination of the experiment, gonads, and intestine were histologically assessed. Growth parameters, in the fish fed 3.9x10^10^ cfu/g were significantly different from those observed in the control, group II, and group III B. subtilis fed groups (P0.05). The histological observations of the gonads reveal differences among the fish fed different levels of B. subtilis. Fish fed diets II, III, IV and V had more developed gonads compared to those on diets without B. subtilis. The status of villus and goblet cells was used to assess the intestinal health of the fish fed diets supplemented with B. subtilis. Villus and goblet cells were intact in all the different levels of B. subtilis supplemented groups. The present study suggested that the dietary supplementation of 3.9x1010 cfu/g probiotic B. subtilis should be used for the enhancement of growth parameters, survival rate, gametogenesis and intestinal health in ornamental zebrafish

    Identification of multifunctionality of glutamate dehydrogenase gene (CsGDH) and development of SNPs associated with ammonia nitrogen tolerance in clam <em>Cyclina sinensis</em>

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    The full length of the CsGDH gene was 1683 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1176 bp, encoding 391 amino acids. The predicted CsGDH protein contained the conserved ELFV_dehydrog (IPR006096) functional domain at 98 aa-387 aa. Exposed to ammonia nitrogen, the transcript level of CsGDH mRNA in the hepatopancreas showed a decreasing trend, then increasing and finally decreasing. Association analysis for ammonia nitrogen tolerance traits was performed, and seven SNPs (264bp A/G, 435bp A/G, 504bp A/T, 582bp C/T, 648bp C/T, 933bp C/T, and 969bp A/G) located in the region of ORF were screened for ammonia nitrogen tolerance in the CsGDH. The two SNPs mutations of 504bp A/T and 582bp C/T were significantly associated with ammonia nitrogen tolerance (PCyclina sinensis.</em

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