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Political Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Dept. of Justice: Anti-trust file (Hawaiʻi)
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Get PDFHesperetin inhibits <em>Siniperca chuatsi</em> rhabdovirus replication by reducing mitochondrial apoptosis in EPC cells
No full textHesperetin is one of the natural dihydroflavonoid widely extracted from various plants, and a large number of studies have demonstrated that hesperetin has a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we explored its antiviral function against Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), one strain of important fish viral viruses, resulting in multiple transmissions and devastating damage in aquaculture. Experiments were performed to confirm that hesperetin could effectively delay the occurrence of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells (EPC), and inhibit SCRV replication by microscopy observation and viral titer assay, respectively. Time-of-addition assay showed that the best inhibitory effect of hesperetin was achieved by blocking SCRV invasion into cells. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed that hesperetin could significantly inhibit the expression of SCRV nucleoprotein. Flow cytometry analysis showed that hesperetin could reduce SCRV-inducing apoptosis of EPC cells after annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and immunofluorence microscopy observation after JC-1 incubation. Down-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymatic activity after hesperetin treatment indicated that it might protect cells from SCRV infection by decreasing mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in infected cells. After hesperetin treatment, a decrease in ROS and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in SCRV-infected EPC cells further confirmed the inhibition of the apoptotic pathway mediated by hesperetin. Thus, our present study indicated that hesperetin possessed antiviral ability against SCRV, suggesting its candidate role for potential effective control of fish rhabdovirus spreading
Evaluating the culturing performance of two-skinned mud crabs (<em>Scylla paramamosain</em>) using intermolt and mature crabs in various eyestalk ablation and gender conditions
No full textA thorough investigation into the effects of crustacean eyestalk ablation across different genders is crucial for optimizing aquaculture practices. This research was conducted from June to September 2023, with two separate experiments to assess how eyestalk removal and the gender of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) affected the performance of raising double-skinned crabs using intermolt and mature crabs. Both experiments utilized a completely randomized design with three replications in rectangular tanks (a bottom area of 0.3 m²). Crabs were divided into four eyestalk ablation groups (no ablation, right ablation, left ablation, and bilateral ablation) in experiment 1, while experiment 2 focused on right eyestalk ablation crabs and categorized them into three gender groups (males, females, and mixed-sex). The animals were stocked at a density of 20 individuals m−2 and were fed trash fish at a rate of 5% of their wet body weight throughout the experiments. The results showed that eyestalk ablation did not significantly affect overall yields. However, it improved the specific growth rate (SGR), the time needed to form double-skinned crabs (duration), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The right ablation group showed the most notable improvements. The bilateral ablation group showed improvements in FCR but had the fewest benefits in SGR, duration, and survival rate (SR). Additionally, gender factors had a minor effect on duration, with the shortest time recorded for the female group. Both male and mixed-sex groups showed improvements in FCR but experienced a decline in SR, with a significant reduction in the male group. Based on these findings, it is recommended that right eyestalk ablation in intermolt and mature female mud crabs is the most effective strategy for producing double-skinned crabs under the conditions studied
The Evolution of Consonant Clusters in Vietnamese: Reconstruction Based on Manuscripts in Quốc ngữ Script from 17th to 19th Centuries
No full textIn the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum published by Alexandre de Rhodes in 1651, the graphemes bl-, ml-, tl-, pl-, mnh- of five initial clusters *ɓl-, *ml-, *tl-, *pl-, *mɲ- can be found. This dictionary often presents two graphemes for the same phoneme, thus indicating both its old and new forms. This article aims first to analyze the graphic variants appearing in the Dictionarium. While Đoàn (2008) focused on orthographic changes in 18th-century texts without addressing regional variation, Vũ (2019) explicitly noted that some consonant clusters evolved differently across regions, although without providing a precise chronology for these developments. Building on this previous work, this study seeks to trace the evolution of three clusters across different periods and regions—Tonkin, Upper Cochinchina (present-day Central Vietnam), and Lower Cochinchina—based on an analysis of around one hundred letters and reports written by priests in Tonkin and Cochinchina from the 17th to the 19th century. The results of this study show that in Tonkin, the *tl- group disappeared in the 17th century and the other two groups *ml-, *tl- in the 19th century. Whereas in Cochinchina (central and southern Vietnam today), the two groups *ɓl- and *ml- disappeared first, the group *tl remained there longer
Political Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Federal Maritime Commission: Matson Navigation Co.
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