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Political Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Atomic Energy Commission: Pilot irradiation plan in Honolulu
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Full text linkPolitical Offices: U.S. House of Representatives: Federal Departments & Agencies: Federal Aviation Agency: General aviation field (Oʻahu)
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Full text linkHesperetin inhibits <em>Siniperca chuatsi</em> rhabdovirus replication by reducing mitochondrial apoptosis in EPC cells
No full textHesperetin is one of the natural dihydroflavonoid widely extracted from various plants, and a large number of studies have demonstrated that hesperetin has a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we explored its antiviral function against Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), one strain of important fish viral viruses, resulting in multiple transmissions and devastating damage in aquaculture. Experiments were performed to confirm that hesperetin could effectively delay the occurrence of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells (EPC), and inhibit SCRV replication by microscopy observation and viral titer assay, respectively. Time-of-addition assay showed that the best inhibitory effect of hesperetin was achieved by blocking SCRV invasion into cells. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed that hesperetin could significantly inhibit the expression of SCRV nucleoprotein. Flow cytometry analysis showed that hesperetin could reduce SCRV-inducing apoptosis of EPC cells after annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and immunofluorence microscopy observation after JC-1 incubation. Down-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymatic activity after hesperetin treatment indicated that it might protect cells from SCRV infection by decreasing mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in infected cells. After hesperetin treatment, a decrease in ROS and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in SCRV-infected EPC cells further confirmed the inhibition of the apoptotic pathway mediated by hesperetin. Thus, our present study indicated that hesperetin possessed antiviral ability against SCRV, suggesting its candidate role for potential effective control of fish rhabdovirus spreading
Evaluating the culturing performance of two-skinned mud crabs (<em>Scylla paramamosain</em>) using intermolt and mature crabs in various eyestalk ablation and gender conditions
No full textA thorough investigation into the effects of crustacean eyestalk ablation across different genders is crucial for optimizing aquaculture practices. This research was conducted from June to September 2023, with two separate experiments to assess how eyestalk removal and the gender of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) affected the performance of raising double-skinned crabs using intermolt and mature crabs. Both experiments utilized a completely randomized design with three replications in rectangular tanks (a bottom area of 0.3 m²). Crabs were divided into four eyestalk ablation groups (no ablation, right ablation, left ablation, and bilateral ablation) in experiment 1, while experiment 2 focused on right eyestalk ablation crabs and categorized them into three gender groups (males, females, and mixed-sex). The animals were stocked at a density of 20 individuals m−2 and were fed trash fish at a rate of 5% of their wet body weight throughout the experiments. The results showed that eyestalk ablation did not significantly affect overall yields. However, it improved the specific growth rate (SGR), the time needed to form double-skinned crabs (duration), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The right ablation group showed the most notable improvements. The bilateral ablation group showed improvements in FCR but had the fewest benefits in SGR, duration, and survival rate (SR). Additionally, gender factors had a minor effect on duration, with the shortest time recorded for the female group. Both male and mixed-sex groups showed improvements in FCR but experienced a decline in SR, with a significant reduction in the male group. Based on these findings, it is recommended that right eyestalk ablation in intermolt and mature female mud crabs is the most effective strategy for producing double-skinned crabs under the conditions studied
The Evolution of Consonant Clusters in Vietnamese: Reconstruction Based on Manuscripts in Quốc ngữ Script from 17th to 19th Centuries
No full textIn the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum published by Alexandre de Rhodes in 1651, the graphemes bl-, ml-, tl-, pl-, mnh- of five initial clusters *ɓl-, *ml-, *tl-, *pl-, *mɲ- can be found. This dictionary often presents two graphemes for the same phoneme, thus indicating both its old and new forms. This article aims first to analyze the graphic variants appearing in the Dictionarium. While Đoàn (2008) focused on orthographic changes in 18th-century texts without addressing regional variation, Vũ (2019) explicitly noted that some consonant clusters evolved differently across regions, although without providing a precise chronology for these developments. Building on this previous work, this study seeks to trace the evolution of three clusters across different periods and regions—Tonkin, Upper Cochinchina (present-day Central Vietnam), and Lower Cochinchina—based on an analysis of around one hundred letters and reports written by priests in Tonkin and Cochinchina from the 17th to the 19th century. The results of this study show that in Tonkin, the *tl- group disappeared in the 17th century and the other two groups *ml-, *tl- in the 19th century. Whereas in Cochinchina (central and southern Vietnam today), the two groups *ɓl- and *ml- disappeared first, the group *tl remained there longer
Identification and characterization of pathogenic <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> isolated from clinically diseased Chinese rice-field eel, <em>Monopterus albus</em>
Full text linkAeromonas hydrophila is recognized as a prevalent pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture. An outbreak of a disease characterized by a high mortality rate has been reported at a Chinese rice-field fish farm (Monopterus albus) located in Hubei Province. This study isolated a causative A. hydrophila strain (YFI-C1) in diseased Monopterus albus through bacterial isolation and subsequent morphological, physiological, biochemical, evolutionary and molecular biology analysis. Ten virulence genes, including those that encode cytotoxic enterotoxins (act and alt), a quorum sensing-controlled virulence factor (LuxS), a temperature-sensitive protease (eprCAI), serine proteinase (ser), haemolysin-aerolysin (aeraA), nuclease (nuc), hemolysin (hlyA), lipase (lip), flagellin (fla) have been shown to be responsible for YFI-C1's pathogenicity. An artificial infection was utilized to evaluate the pathogenicity of YFI-C1, with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 1 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The Kirby-Bauer test was used to measure YFI-C1's sensitivity to ten antibiotics. According to the findings, YFI-C1 was resistant to Cefothiophene but extremely susceptible to six antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Doxycycline, Enrofloxacin, Compound sulfamethoxazoles, and Flufenicol. The results of this study offer valuable insights for future research on bacterial disease prevention and treatment in Monopterus albus
Assessment of Indigenous Feed Ingredients on Growth and Feed Utilization Efficiency in Juvenile Milkfish (<em>Chanos chanos</em> Forsskål, 1775)
Full text linkThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing indigenous feed ingredients for milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskål 1775) aquaculture. Nine different feed treatments were tested: taro, golden apple snail, azolla plant, blood meal, cacao pod, banana stem, copra meal, soybean meal, and a control. We used 15 juvenile milkfish (initial weights=6.4-7.4 g; initial lengths=5.3-5.7 cm) cultured in 80 L tanks and replicated three times to assess their growth and feed utilization. After 60 days of culture, copra meal and Azolla attained 23.0 g and 21.8 g, which were higher compared to the other treatments. This was followed by taro (18.9 g), bloodmeal (18.4 g), golden apple snail (18.2 g), control (18.2 g), cacao pod (18.2 g), soybean treatments (17.5 g), and lastly banana stem (16.1 g). Comparison of the initial length and weight of the treatments versus their final values during the 60 days of culture showed differences (length: t=20.0, p=0.0001, df=16; weight: t=16.5, p=0.0001, df=16) but none between the nine treatments (p\>0.05). In terms of average daily weight gain, copra meal gained faster (0.34 g), followed by Azolla (0.24 g), and then the control (0.22 g) and bloodmeal (0.19 g) with banana stem the last (0.15 g). While in terms of feed conversion ratio (FCR), copra meal (1.1), azolla (1.3), taro (1.5) and the control (1.5) had the lowest FCR values; banana stem (1.9) and soybean meal treatments (2.0) had the highest. Fulton's condition factor showed that these four treatments (taro=1; Azolla=1.2; copra meal=1.2; control=1.2) were closest to 1, signifying a healthy condition. The gonadosomatic index (GSI=0.005) and hepatosomatic index (HSI=0.03) values were consistent in the various treatments, showing no adverse effects suffered during the period of culture. The alternative feeds can be used in milkfish aquaculture to reduce the cost of operation
