1,720,972 research outputs found
Tipografia parametrica e Developmental Dyslexia
Get PDFIs a font designed for the purpose of helping people with a diagnosis of DD actually beneficial? Which are the visual variables that may facilitate reading in readers with diag-nosis of DD?We designed a parametric software that allows to generate a huge variety of fonts.The parametric variables allow to change the appearance of the font without changing the proportions and the main metric dimensions. This allows to isolate the variables and to make the assessment more accurate. The experiments we conducted did not gave any evident and objective result that drive to the adoption of a specific font or variable in order to improve significantly the reading per-formance. The font which is preferred at a glance does not seem to improve objectively the reading performance
Testing: PreViS. Usability Evaluation of a Prehospital Emergency Telemedicine System.
Get PDFAbstract
The Norwegian Health Center Sykehuset Innlandet is currently exploring the potential of integrating live video conference capability into emergency response/paramedic activities through a system called PreViS. First-hand research revealed that, even though the project is in the soft-launching stage within a growing number of paramedic stations in the region, no usability studies have been made on it. Because of this, the current research was dedicated to designing, conducting, and analyzing such studies on the device.
The main research questions were:
Q1: Can the system help make examinations more accurate in comparison to the control group?
Q2: Is the usability of the system acceptable for its use in prehospital emergencies?
The principal method used to answer Q1 was that of medical simulations. Two groups of paramedics —with 3 participants each—, conducted the same simulated emergency scenario. The control group followed the standard operating procedures expected of their practice in Norway. The intervention group used the PreViS headset instead. The data from this simulation was sifted through a performance evaluation framework created for this purpose.
To answer Q2, a usability inspection was performed on a) behaviors observed during the simulation and, b) the interfaces of the headsets (including GUI, and voice-command / navigation structure). The results of this evaluation were compared against usability heuristics.
After these methods were implemented, the results were the following:
For Q1, it was found that the simulations in the intervention group performed more accurately than those in the control group, the latter having been marred by errors and consequent harmful interventions. The visual component of the headset, in particular, helped make the examination more accurate, bypassing the interpretation of the interloper, and providing an almost first-hand point of view for the Remote Healthcare Professional (RHP).
In the case of Q2, the findings were less positive. Several heuristic violations and system errors were found on the inspection. The most notable of them was the presence of a technical failure which made the device respond randomly to voice commands when no such action had been taken. The appearance of these was very disruptive, with 8 random activations appearing in one simulation alone. Other findings were related to a subpar heuristic implementation of the GUI, navigational elements, and system language and nomenclature.
The conclusion of this research question is that —in the opinion of the author—, the current iteration of the system is suffering from too many usability violations to be ready for launching, especially for such a complex hectic environment as the emergency prehospital practice. An overhauling of the software of the device is necessary for it to be able to fulfill usability principles.
Q1 was answered positively, while Q2 was answered negatively. These results are however not incompatible. If the results of this research are found to be generalizable when submitted to larger, more diverse sampling, it would mean that the idea of PreViS has a good proof of concept, as it would make examinations more accurate, and reduce the potential of patient harm. The flaws found on PreViS were all rooted in the imperfections of the device itself, not in the concept. Even if the issues found on the evaluation cannot be amended in future iterations, there is always potential that the idea of PreViS can find a more suitable home on a different device. The rise of wearables, AR, and body-mounted cameras make this prospect a very attainable one
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Visualizing research prototypes for a service dashboard and machine panel in radiographic workflow
Get PDFThis exploratory interaction design research presents a scoping study focusing attention on routines
and workflow in clinical radiography. Background theory supports the specification of perceptual tasks for a set of research prototype concepts. A machine panel and an Imaging optimization dashboard presents an adaptive and responsive service environment for the completion of task sequences to support radiographic imaging referrals and report fulfillment. The qualitative research design develops insights from interviews with clinicians working in the specialization by way of service design methods and task analysis that chart interactions and processes. The specification of tools reinforces cognitive mental models and seeks to reconcile perception with attention and a more comprehensive view of human-centered design
Development of a quantitative evaluation tool of cognitive workload in field studies through eye tracking
No full textEye tracking is primarily intended as a mean for tracking the visual attention of an observer/operator. Still, eye tracking is also capable of recording a wider variety of psychophysical data, one of these is the trace effect of mental workload in the pupil diameter (dilatation of the pupil proportional to the level of cognitive workload). The effect of a varying visual stimulus, primarily luminance variations, on the pupil diameter has historically constrained studies on workload and pupillometry to controlled laboratory conditions, as, in field conditions, it cannot be accurately determined if the change in the pupil diameter of the subject is due to mental workload alone. Although it has been attempted to simultaneously account for the contribution of the change in pupil diameter due to luminance and mental workload, no instance has been found of an attempt to use video and luminance data dynamically to estimate the effect of the visual stimuli as it changes during a study session. Eye-tracking data will be used alongside the video feed of the field of view of the operator/observer and the data from an external luminance sensor to quantify the luminous flux from the point of view of the subject and estimate the expected pupil size. The estimated pupil size should then be used as a variating baseline to remove the effect of luminance on the pupil size and isolate the changes relative to mental workload. The newly developed methodology will be evaluated in both laboratory and field conditions such as tracking the experience of the navigator and his first officer in a high-speed marine craft of the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy alongside subjective data such as the widely used NASA-TLX for validation purposes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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