2,644 research outputs found
Comparative efficacy and safety of treatment regimens for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textBackground: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a serious opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PWH) who have low CD4 counts. Despite its side effects, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is currently considered the primary treatment for PCP. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to compare the efficacy (treatment failure and mortality) and tolerability (treatment change) of PCP treatment regimens with a frequentist network meta-analysis. Data sources: Data sources include Embase, Medline, and CENTRAL from inception to 3 February 2024. Study eligibility criteria: Study eligibility criteria include comparative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of at least two PCP treatment regimens. Participants: Participants include PWH. Interventions: Interventions include treatment regimens for PCP compared head-to-head. Assessment of risk of bias: Assessment of risk of bias includes Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool for RCTs (Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2). Methods of data synthesis: Title, abstract, and full-text screening, along with data extraction, were conducted by two independent reviewers. Data on PCP treatment failure, all-cause mortality, and discontinuation because of toxicity were pooled and ranked. Results: Fourteen RCTs conducted between 1983 and 1996 included 1788 participants across 27 treatment arms. No regimen showed statistically significant superiority over TMP-SMX in direct comparison. In the network meta-analysis, clindamycin/primaquine was ranked the best (surface under the cumulative ranking curve, 0.8), followed by intravenous pentamidine (0.8) and TMP-SMX (0.8) regarding treatment failure. Regarding all-cause mortality, TMP-SMX was superior to atovaquone in direct comparison, but no treatment was superior in the full network analysis. Dapsone–TMP (0.7) and intravenous pentamidine (0.8) were ranked the highest for mortality reduction. For safety and tolerability, comparator drugs consistently outperformed TMP-SMX, with significant reductions in toxicity observed for dapsone–TMP, inhaled pentamidine, and atovaquone. Inhaled pentamidine (0.9) was the best tolerated, followed by trimetrexate (0.8) and atovaquone (0.8). Conclusions: We conclude that TMP-SMX should be reassessed as the standalone first-line therapy for PCP in PWH, given the better tolerability and comparable efficacy of other treatments. In places with access to alternative drugs for PCP treatment, our analysis suggests that alternative regimens may offer comparable effectiveness, providing flexibility to use alternative treatments when comorbidities necessitate it
Search for a Higgs-like boson decaying into bottom quarks in the Z(II)H channel
No full textAfter the discovery of a Higgs-like Boson with a mass close to 125 GeV at the LHC in summer 2012, we are showing the update on the analysis of the VH cannel. In this channel the Higgs-like Boson is produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into b quarks. We present the updated results on the full 2011 and 2012 7+8 TeV dataset. This poster will focus on one of the tree modes that are combined in this analysis, where the associated vector boson is a Z boson that is decaying leptonically into two electrons or muons, respectively
Efficient Supply of Cultural Landscape in a CGE Framework
No full textIt is often assumed that the agricultural sector produces public goods or positive externalities that benefit the domestic consumers, in addition to its production of private goods. Efficient agricultural support is consequently directed towards resolving market failures caused by the existence of these public goods or externalities. We illustrate how this can be achieved in a Computable General Equilibrium model for one multifunctional aspect of agricultural production, namely the production of cultural landscape. Using a public good modeling framework as point of departure, we develop supply- and willingness to pay functions for cultural landscape. Governmental agricultural support is adjusted to achieve efficient supply of the public good. As an illustration we apply our framework using a general equilibrium model for Norway. We show that efficient supply of cultural landscape can be achieved even with a tremendous reduction in initial overall support of agricultural production.CGE modeling, Multifunctionality, Public Goods, Land Economics/Use,
Câncer de laringe- evolução da doença no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2011.
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Pública
Associated Z+Higgs Boson Production in the Leptonic+Beauty Final State and the Upgrade of the Pixel Detector at CMS
No full textA standard model Higgs boson, radiated off by a leptonically decaying Z boson, is searched for in the b ¯b-quark decay mode by analyzing the full 7+8 TeV LHC dataset recorded with the CMS detector. The used methods are discussed in detail and finally the results shown, including combinations with other search channels. The diboson production cross section for the processes W Z and ZZ are measured at 8 TeV using the same framework. Furthermore, event generators for the future of this analysis are reviewed for the signal process as well as the most important source of backgrounds. The pixel detector, one of the key elements to this analysis and the innermost component of CMS, will be replaced in the coming years. The transition to the new readout electronics and the qualification procedures for detector modules is part of this thesis. A complete set of results obtained using the developed testing procedures are presented for one of the first prototype modules
Public Kaggle Competition "IceCube -- Neutrinos in Deep Ice"
No full textThe reconstruction of neutrino events in the IceCube experiment is crucial
for many scientific analyses, including searches for cosmic neutrino sources.
The Kaggle competition "IceCube -- Neutrinos in Deep ice" was a public machine
learning challenge designed to encourage the development of innovative
solutions to improve the accuracy and efficiency of neutrino event
reconstruction. Participants worked with a dataset of simulated neutrino events
and were tasked with creating a suitable model to predict the direction vector
of incoming neutrinos. From January to April 2023, hundreds of teams competed
for a total of $50k prize money, which was awarded to the best performing few
out of the many thousand submissions. In this contribution I will present some
insights into the organization of this large outreach project, and summarize
some of the main findings, results and takeaways.Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023).
See arXiv:2307.13047 for all IceCube contribution
Neutrinos in Ice
No full textAt the South Pole, in the middle of Antarctica, we have drilled deep holes down into the glacial ice to instrument a cubic kilometer of this highly transparent and pristine medium with very sensitive light sensors. This detector called “IceCube” allows us to capture the dim trace of light that some neutrinos leave behind when they interact in the ice. We use its data to study neutrinos from various origins, some of which had travelled for billions of years through the universe before finally arriving in the detector. Our research focuses on several topics, ranging from neutrino astrophysics and multi-messenger astronomy to particle physics and the fundamental properties of neutrinos. In this talk I will highlight some of the most recent results in these areas.</p
Measurement of VZ production cross sections in Z -> bb decay channels in pp collisions at 8 TeV
No full textWe present a measurement of the WZ and ZZ production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV in final states where one Z boson decays to b-tagged jets, while the other gauge boson, either W or Z, is detected through its leptonic decay. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.9 /fb collected with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.We present a measurement of the WZ and ZZ production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV in final states where one Z boson decays to b-tagged jets, while the other gauge boson, either W or Z, is detected through its leptonic decay. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.9 /fb collected with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider
Dioritisation, granitisation et métamorphisme dans les Vosges cristallines du Nord. I. -Région comprise entre la plaine d'Alsace, d'Andlau à Saint-Nabor, et le Champ-du-Feu
No full textDie Geologie des südlichen Teiles des Champ-du-Feu Massivs wird geschildert und durch eine geologische Skizze dargestellt. Die Gesteine werden petro-graphisch und chemisch analysiert.
Dabei werden die Prozessen der Kontaktmetamorphose, der Granitisation, und besonders der Dioritisation untersucht und ausgelegt. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die Diorite ehemalige Sedimente und Vulkanite darstellen, dass heisst teilweise Schiefer und Kalkablagerungen, teilweise pyroklastische Gesteine und Lavas. Es wird versucht, die Grenze zwischen Silur und Mitteldevon zu bestimmen. Verschiedene Granite werden auseinander getrennt und Hypothesen über ihre Herkunft werden vorgeschlagen.After a discussion of the southern part of the Champ-du-Feu massif, based on a recently prepared geologic map, the author presents a pétrographie and chemical study of the formations of that area. Contact metamorphism, granitization and especially dioritization are described and discussed. Most of the diorites seem to be derived from former sediments (limestones and sandy shales ) and volcanic (mainly pyro-clastic) rocks. Also discussed are the characteristics and petrogenesis of various granites, and the author attempts to determine the limit between the Silurian and middle Devonian.von Eller Jean-Paul. Dioritisation, granitisation et métamorphisme dans les Vosges cristallines du Nord. I. -Région comprise entre la plaine d'Alsace, d'Andlau à Saint-Nabor, et le Champ-du-Feu. In: Bulletin du Service de la carte géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine, tome 17, n°3, 1964. pp. 171-210
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