114 research outputs found
A dataset on multi-trait selection approaches for screening desirable wild relatives of wheat
No full textRaw data for the manuscript entitled "A dataset on multi-trait selection approaches for screening desirable wild relatives of wheat" by Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh and Peter Poczai
Change in Secondary Metabolites and Expression Pattern of Key Rosmarinic Acid Related Genes in Iranian Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Ecotypes Using Methyl Jasmonate Treatments
No full textThe medicinal herb, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), which is high in rosmarinic acid (RA), has well-known therapeutic value. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on RA content, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as changes in expression of their biosynthesis-related key genes (MoPAL, Mo4CL, and MoRAS) in Iranian lemon balm ecotypes, as first reported. Our results revealed that MeJA doses significantly increase the RA content, TPC, and TFC in both ecotypes compared with the control samples. Additionally, the higher expression levels of MoPAL, Mo4CL, and MoRAS following treatment were linked to RA accumulation in all treatments for both Iranian lemon balm ecotypes. After 24 h of exposure to 150 mu M MeJA concentration, HPLC analysis showed that MeJA significantly increased RA content in Esfahan and Ilam ecotypes, which was about 4.18- and 7.43-fold higher than untreated plants. Our findings suggested that MeJA has a considerable influence on RA, TPC, and TFC accumulation in MeJA-treated Iranian M. officinalis, which might be the result of gene activation from the phenylpropanoid pathway. As a result of our findings, we now have a better understanding of the molecular processes behind RA production in lemon balm plants.Peer reviewe
Effects of Zinc, Copper and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Induced DNA Methylation, Genomic Instability and LTR Retrotransposon Polymorphism in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textNanomaterials with unique and diverse physico-chemical properties are used in plant science since they improve plant growth and development and offer protection against biotic and abiotic stressors. Previous studies have explored the effects of such nanomaterials on different plant mechanisms, but information about the effects of nanomaterials on induced DNA methylation, genomic instability and LTR retrotransposon polymorphism in wheat is lacking. Therefore, the present study highlights the key role of nanoparticles in DNA methylation and polymorphism in wheat by investigating the effects of ZnO, CuO and γ-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on mature embryo cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Nanoparticles were supplemented with Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at normal (1X), double (2X) and triple (3X) concentrations. The findings revealed different responses to the polymorphism rate depending on the nanoparticle type and concentration. Genomic template stability (GTS) values were used to compare the changes encountered in iPBS profiles. ZnO, CuO and γ-Fe3O4 NPs increased the polymorphism rate and cytosine methylation compared to the positive control while reducing GTS values. Moreover, non-γ-Fe3O4 NPs treatments and 2X ZnO and CuO NP treatments yielded higher polymorphism percentages in both MspI- and HpaII-digested CRED-iPBS assays and were thus classified as hypermethylation when the average polymorphism percentage for MspI digestion was considered. On the other hand, the 3X concentrations of all nanoparticles decreased HpaII and MspI polymorphism percentages and were thus classified as hypomethylation. The findings revealed that MS medium supplemented with nanoparticles had epigenetic and genotoxic effects
Yield and yield components of common bean as influenced by wheat residue and nitrogen rates under water deficit conditions
No full textIncorporation of crop residues into agricultural system has become a worldwide efficient practice for enhancing crop production. The main objectives of this experiment was to investigate the major role of incorporating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues and nitrogen (N) fertilizers rates under different water requirements (WR) on growth, seed yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The results showed that seed yield under 80% WR in retained crop residue plots was & SIM;11% higher than WR treatment with no residue incorporation. Seed yield was not significantly different between residue retention and removal treatments in 2016, whereas it was higher (12% and 17%) under residue retained plots compared to removed ones in subsequent years. Seed yields responded to N up to 170 and 225 kg ha(-1) in removed and retained residue treatments, respectively in 2017 and 2018. Annual increment of seed yield in residue retained plots (36%) was 2.11 times higher than the residue removed ones (17%). There was higher soil N content in 50% residue retention with 225 kg N ha(-1) under both water deficit treatments in all years. The highest soil organic carbon (SOC) was achieved with normal irrigation in retained residue plots with 225 kg N ha(-1) in all years. Overall, wheat residue incorporation into the soil and N-supply substantially contributed to counteracting yield declines of common bean under water deficit conditions.& nbsp;(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer reviewe
Advances in plant gene-targeted and functional markers: a review
No full textPublic genomic databases have provided new directions for molecular marker development and initiated a shift in
the types of PCR-based techniques commonly used in plant science. Alongside commonly used arbitrarily amplified
DNA markers, other methods have been developed. Targeted fingerprinting marker techniques are based on the
well-established practices of arbitrarily amplified DNA methods, but employ novel methodological innovations such
as the incorporation of gene or promoter elements in the primers. These markers provide good reproducibility and
increased resolution by the concurrent incidence of dominant and co-dominant bands. Despite their promising
features, these semi-random markers suffer from possible problems of collision and non-homology analogous to
those found with randomly generated fingerprints. Transposable elements, present in abundance in plant genomes,
may also be used to generate fingerprints. These markers provide increased genomic coverage by utilizing specific
targeted sites and produce bands that mostly seem to be homologous. The biggest drawback with most of these
techniques is that prior genomic information about retrotransposons is needed for primer design, prohibiting
universal applications. Another class of recently developed methods exploits length polymorphism present in arrays
of multi-copy gene families such as cytochrome P450 and β-tubulin genes to provide cross-species amplification
and transferability. A specific class of marker makes use of common features of plant resistance genes to generate
bands linked to a given phenotype, or to reveal genetic diversity. Conserved DNA-based strategies have limited
genome coverage and may fail to reveal genetic diversity, while resistance genes may be under specific
evolutionary selection. Markers may also be generated from functional and/or transcribed regions of the genome
using different gene-targeting approaches coupled with the use of RNA information. Such techniques have the
potential to generate phenotypically linked functional markers, especially when fingerprints are generated from the
transcribed or expressed region of the genome. It is to be expected that these recently developed techniques will
generate larger datasets, but their shortcomings should also be acknowledged and carefully investigated
Dataset on the use of MGIDI index in screening drought-tolerant wild wheat accessions at the early growth stage
No full textThe dataset herein indicated the novelty of the article entitled “Dataset on the use of MGIDI in screening drought-tolerant wild wheat accessions at the early growth stage”. Data were gathered during 2018-2019 on a set of wild wheat germplasm under two control and water deficit stress conditions. One hundred and forty-six accessions belonging to Ae. tauschii, Ae. cylindrica, and Ae. crassa were assessed under optimal glasshouse conditions to screen the drought-tolerant samples at the early growth stage. Nine drought tolerance and susceptibility indices along with the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) were used to visualize the dataset. The obtained data can highlight the potential of the MGIDI index in accelerating screening of a large number of plant materials using multiple traits or selection indices in crop breeding programs, especially at the early growth stage.Peer reviewe
Identification and characterization of plastid trnF((GAA)) pseudogenes in four species of Solanum (Solanaceae)
No full textPeer reviewe
The little-known history of cleanliness and the forgotten pioneers of handwashing
No full textHandwashing is a simple method for preventing the spread of pathogens. It is now common practice, but this was not always the case. Advocating for it often costed a doctor his career in the 1840s. Hospitals in the early 1800s had little idea of the significance of hygiene; thus, they were often mocked as disease-producing incubators or as “houses of death.” Many of the ill and dying were kept on wards with no ventilation or access to clean water; hospitals were found to offer only the most basic care. The mortality rate for patients admitted to hospital was three to five times greater than that for individuals cared for at home. Doctors did not routinely wash their hands until the mid-1800s, and they would proceed straight from dissecting a corpse to delivering a baby, providing the basis for the spread of puerperal fever. Despite advances in modern medicine, healthcare providers still face the issue of infection outbreaks caused by patient care. While the body of scientific data supporting hand hygiene as the key strategy to prevent the spread of pathogens is substantial, we highlight that achieving this crucial, long-awaited breakthrough was a hard task through history
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