22 research outputs found
Impact of Super Typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’ on Density of Kelp Forest and Associated Benthic Communities in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea
No full textThis study was carried out to determine the levels of resistance and resilience of kelp forests to large-scale physical disturbances. Our study site, Seongsan, Jeju Island, was impacted by super typhoon ‘Hinnamnor’. Before the typhoon, Seongsan had shown high ecosystem stability. Our results indicated that the ecological stability of a kelp forest facing a severe typhoon is strongly linked to the prevailing environmental conditions. Although typhoon impact resulted in a significant loss of brown macroalgae canopy, Ecklonia cava remained dominant within the kelp forest community. Resistance and resilience levels strongly depended on water temperature and movement and presence of turf-forming algae. Hence, hydrodynamic and biological factors strongly influence the overall stability of a kelp forest. We also report the first occurrences of a scleractinian coral species (i.e., Montipora millepora) at Seongsan, which became visible after canopy loss following the typhoon. Our findings provide valuable ecological information about the benthic community of kelp-dominated ecosystems and are essential to mitigate the impacts of expected climate change-driven rises in seawater temperature and the frequency of super typhoons
Monitoring ecological dynamics on complex hydrothermal structures: A novel photogrammetry approach reveals fine‐scale variability of vent assemblages
No full textWe set out to characterize the fine-scale processes acting on interannual dynamics of deep-sea vent fauna by using a novel approach involving a 5-yr time series of 3D photogrammetry models acquired at the Eiffel Tower sulfide edifice (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Consistently, with the overall stability of the vent edifice, total mussel cover did not undergo drastic changes, suggesting that they have been at a climax stage for at least 25 yr based on previous data. Successional patterns showed consistency over time, illustrating the dynamic equilibrium of the ecological system. In contrast, microbial mats significantly declined, possibly due to magmatic events. The remaining environmental variability consisted of decimeter-scale displacement of vent outflows, resulting from their opening or closure or from the progressive accretion of sulfide material. As a result, vent mussels showed submeter variability in the immediate vicinity of vent exits, possibly by repositioning in response to that fine-scale regime of change. As former studies were not able to quantify processes at submeter scales in complex settings, this pioneering work demonstrates the potential of 3D photogrammetry models for conducting long-term monitoring in the deep sea. We observed that the ability of mussels to displace may enable them to cope with changing local conditions in a stable system. However, the long-term stability of mussel assemblages questions their capacity to withstand large-scale disturbances and may imply a low resilience of these “climax” communities. This suggests that they may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of mining activities in hydrothermal ecosystems
Warming could shift the phenological responses of benthic microalgae in temperate intertidal zones
No full textInternational audienc
Informal Risk Sharing in an Infinite-Horizon Experiment
No full textOur laboratory study of risk sharing without commitment captures the main features of a simple model of voluntary insurance. Participants are paired in matches with stochastic endings. Each period they receive fixed endowments and one of the pair (randomly-drawn) also receives an additional amount; they can then make voluntary transfers to each other. While smoothing consumption is attractive, only self-enforcing risk sharing is possible. We find evidence supporting the theory: transfers provide insurance to individuals, a higher match continuation probability raises transfers and more risk-averse individuals make larger transfers. More surprisingly, transfers decrease with ex ante inequality, potentially reflecting considerations of identity. Copyright � The Author(s). Journal compilation � Royal Economic Society 2009.
De Jessie à Muriel, super-héroïnes tchèques face à la normalisation. Sur l’oeuvre transmédiatique du dessinateur tchèque Kája Saudek
No full textLa période de la guerre froide est souvent pensée comme celle d’une non-porosité entre l’Ouest et l’Est. Cependant, des objets culturels découverts avant l’instauration de gouvernements socialistes continuent de circuler. À partir de l’oeuvre de l’auteur tchèque Kája Saudek, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment les comic strips américains ont été adaptés, retravaillés et transformés en Tchécoslovaquie communiste dans les années 1960. Saudek a collaboré à un classique du cinéma populaire tchèque, Kdo chce zabít Jessii? (Qui veut tuer Jessie?), réalisé par Václav Vorlíček. À la même époque, il se lance dans un projet plus personnel, Muriel a andělé (Muriel et les Anges), scénarisé par l’écrivain Miloš Macourek et inspiré de la bande dessinée française Barbarella. Cet article revient sur l’oeuvre atypique d’un monument de la bande dessinée tchèque, au carrefour de diverses influences dans un monde coupé en deux.The Cold War period is often thought of as a period of non-porosity between West and East. However, cultural objects discovered before the establishment of socialist governments continue to circulate. Based on the work of Czech author Kája Saudek, we propose to study how American comic strips were adapted, reworked and transformed in communist Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. Saudek collaborated on a classic of Czech popular cinema, Kdo chce zabít Jessii? (Who Wants to Kill Jessie?), directed by Václav Vorlíček. At the same time, he worked on a more personal project, the graphic novel Muriel a andělé (Muriel and the Angels) written by Miloš Macourek and inspired by the French comic strip Barbarella. This article looks back at the atypical work of a monument of Czech comics, at the crossroads of various influences in a world split in two blocs
Exposure to nanoplastics and nanomaterials either single and combined affects the gill-associated microbiome of the Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica
No full textNanoplastics and engineering nanomaterials (ENMs) are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), increasingly being detected in the marine environment and recognized as a potential threat for marine biota at the global level including in polar areas. Few studies have assessed the impact of these anthropogenic nanoparticles in the microbiome of marine invertebrates, however combined exposure resembling natural scenarios has been overlooked. The present study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NP) as proxy for nanoplastics and nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) on the prokaryotic communities associated with the gill tissue of the Antarctic soft-shell clam Laternula elliptica, a keystone species of marine benthos Wild-caught specimens were exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of carboxylated PS NP (PS-COOH NP, ∼62 nm size) and nano-TiO2 (Aeroxide P25, ∼25 nm) as 5 and 50 μg/L either single and combined for 96h in a semi-static condition.Our findings show a shift in microbiome composition in gills of soft-shell clams exposed to PS NP and nano-TiO2 either alone and in combination with a decrease in the relative abundance of OTU1 (Spirochaetaceae). In addition, an increase of gammaproteobacterial OTUs affiliated to MBAE14 and Methylophagaceae (involved in ammonia denitrification and associated with low-quality water), and the OTU Colwellia rossensis (previously recorded in polluted waters) was observed. Our results suggest that nanoplastics and nano-TiO2 alone and in combination induce alterations in microbiome composition by promoting the increase of negative taxa over beneficial ones in the gills of the Antarctic soft-shell clam. An increase of two low abundance OTUs in PS-COOH NPs exposed clams was also observed. A predicted gene function analysis revealed that sugar, lipid, protein and DNA metabolism were the main functions affected by either PS-COOH NP and nano-TiO2 exposure. The molecular functions involved in the altered affiliated OTUs are novel for nano-CEC exposures
Peculiar Morphology of Montipora millepora Reveals Interspecific Competition for Space Among Two Other Major Foundation Species in Jeju Waters, South Korea
No full textAn atypical surface shape was observed in encrusting coral colonies of Montipora millepora. Initial assumptions on their origin focused on the presence of epibiotic intermediate habitat formers, such as coral-dwelling and -boring organisms. However, further investigations revealed their origin to also be substrate shape-related, prompted by overgrowing other foundation species. The unusual bumps stemmed from encrusting over specimens of the coral Alveopora japonica, and the forked, tube-like structures over holdfasts of the brown alga Ecklonia cava. Spatial distribution patterns and interspecific competition are briefly reviewed. Potential effects of morphological changes for Montipora species identification, as well as implications of altered topography in general, are mentioned
Transcriptomic responses of Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica to nanoparticles, at single and combined exposures reveal ecologically relevant biomarkers
No full textIn recent years micro- and nanoplastics and metal-oxide nanomaterials have been found in several environmental compartments. The Antarctic soft clam Laternula elliptica is an endemic Antarctic species having a wide distribution in the Southern Ocean. Being a filter-feeder, it could act as suitable bioindicator of pollution from nanoparticles also considering its sensitivity to various sources of stress. The present study aims to assess the impact of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NP) and the nanometal titanium-dioxide (n-TiO2) on genome-wide transcript expression of L. elliptica either alone and in combination and at two toxicological relevant concentrations (5 and 50 µg/L) during 96 h exposure. Transcript-target qRT-PCR was performed with the aim to identify suitable biomarkers of exposure and effects. As expected, at the highest concentration tested, the clustering was clearer between control and exposed clams. A total of 221 genes resulted differentially expressed in exposed clams and control ones, and 21 of them had functional annotation such as ribosomal proteins, antioxidant, ion transport (osmoregulation), acid-base balance, immunity, lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, apoptosis, chromatin condensation and cell signaling. At functional level, relevant transcripts were shared among some treatments and could be considered as general stress due to nanoparticle exposure. After applying transcript-target approach duplicating the number of clam samples, four ecologically relevant transcripts were revealed as biomarkers for PS-NP, n-TiO2 and their combination at 50 µg/L, that could be used for monitoring clams’ health status in different Antarctic localities
L’environnement du droit réflexions épistémologiques depuis une matrice disciplinaire juridique
No full textPublished: 11 December 2025This chapter examines how the environmental crisis challenges the foundations, methods, and paradigms of legal science. It argues that law should be understood as embedded within a broader “environment” composed of social, ecological, political, and normative relationships. Environmental litigation reveals law’s dual role as both a tool for activism and a mediator between competing interests. Drawing on interdisciplinarity and legal pluralism, the author criticizes Kelsenian normativism for its methodological purity and state-centered focus. The concept of environment promotes a relational, pluralistic, and non-hierarchical understanding of law. Environmentalization transforms the legal disciplinary matrix by rethinking subjects, values, and sources of normativity. Law becomes a resource among others rather than a sovereign reference. Ultimately, the chapter advocates an “impure” environmental theory of law that integrates critique, values, and social practices
L'idée de droit social de Georges Gurvitch : la société comme source de droit
No full textGeorges Gurvitch is today an author whose thought has suffered the ravages of time. In the 1930s, he proposed the concept of social law: a law formed by social groups that would regulate the legal relations within the group, while avoiding the formation of individual power and developing an internal democracy. The present study is both an explanation of Gurvitch's programme on social law and a use of his thought in relation to questions that cross contemporary legal science. Social law appears to be an operative concept for legal science in that it makes it possible to understand the functioning of certain associations and cooperatives in the field of labour law and because it opens up avenues for reflection on the legal claims of minorities for the recognition of a group right. In this sense, it is a question of conceptualising the forms of contemporary legal pluralism, which implies of questioning the role of the judge as a regulator between a law that comes from society and the law of the State. As a result, it is the democratic mechanisms at various levels that are questioned in order to develop a bottom-up conception of law, from society to the State.Georges Gurvitch est aujourd’hui un auteur dont la pensée a subi les outrages du temps. À la fois juriste, philosophe et sociologue, il propose dans les années 1930 le concept de droit social : un droit formé par les groupes sociaux encadrant les rapports juridiques internes au groupe, tout en évitant la formation d’un pouvoir individuel et en développant une démocratie interne. La présente étude est à la fois une explication du programme de Gurvitch sur le droit social et une utilisation de sa pensée en rapport à des questions qui traversent la science du droit contemporaine. Le droit social apparaît comme un concept opératoire pour la science du droit en ce qu’il permet de comprendre le fonctionnement de certaines associations et coopératives dans le champ du droit du travail et parce qu’il ouvre des pistes de réflexion au sujet des revendications juridiques des minorités pour la reconnaissance d’un droit des groupes. En ce sens, il s’agit de conceptualiser les formes d’un pluralisme juridique contemporain qui implique de se questionner sur le rôle du juge comme régulateur entre le droit venu de la société et le droit de l’État. De ce fait, ce sont les mécanismes démocratiques à diverses échelles qui sont questionnés pour développer une conception ascendante du droit, depuis la société jusqu’à l’Etat
