1,031 research outputs found
Quadros provincianos : a obra de Rodrigo Júnior
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Vasconcelos MachadoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 21/08/2019Inclui referências: p. 342-348Resumo: O objetivo geral desta tese é reunir e analisar a obra do poeta paranaense Rodrigo Júnior, pseudônimo de João Baptista Carvalho de Oliveira (1887-1964). Para isso, foi necessário coletar a quantidade máxima das suas publicações literárias e ensaísticas e, num recorte específico, analisá-las e discuti-las sob a perspectiva de quanto seus textos se apresentam como provincianos, e, quanto ao mesmo tempo não os são. Rodrigo Júnior é um autor que buscou intensamente seu próprio estilo no meio do confuso pré-modernismo, entre o parnasianismo, simbolismo e o neorromantismo, utilizando-se de várias estéticas e escolas unicamente com objetivo encontrar sua liberdade na arte. Nessa busca, encontrou a sua voz quando escreveu principalmente seus poemas com temas bucólicos, amorosos, satíricos, quase sempre atravessados por uma constante melancolia, por um tédio e pessimismo, uma tristeza de quem deseja paz e felicidade. Consagrou-se como poeta de rara qualidade, compondo ora em formas clássicas, ora em verso livre sempre com uma linguagem simples, mas também foi um eficiente prosador, como escritor de contos, crônicas, novelas e ensaios. Sua carreira começa no início do século XX e dura até os anos 60, atuando diariamente na imprensa curitibana, estabelecendo-se como um agitador cultural durante esse tempo. A produção gigantesca contrasta com seus poucos livros publicados, pois acabou abandonando muitos projetos de livros e deixando a maior parte dos seus escritos esparsos em jornais e revistas. Incentivou e influenciou pelo menos duas gerações de artistas do Paraná, como os jovens interessados no futurismo e no modernismo e os literatos da década de 30 e 40 que queriam modernizar as letras paranaenses. Por fim, dedicou boa parte da sua vida à literatura e à criação um sistema literário no Paraná autossuficiente que fosse independente dos grandes centros urbanos da época como o Rio de Janeiro. Palavras-chave: Rodrigo Júnior. Literatura paranaense. Pré-modernismo e modernismo paranaense. Simbolismo. Provincianismo.Abstract: The general objective of this thesis is to gather and analyze the work of the poet Rodrigo Júnior, pseudonym of João Baptista Carvalho de Oliveira (1887-1964). For this, it was necessary to collect the maximum amount of their literary and essayistic publications and, in a specific cut, to analyze and discuss them from the perspective of how much their texts are provincial, and at the same time not. Rodrigo Júnior is an author who intensely sought his own style in the midst of confusing pre-modernism, between parnasianism, symbolism and neorromantism, using various aesthetics and schools solely to find their freedom in art. In this search, he found his voice when he wrote mainly his poems with bucolic, loving, satirical themes, almost always crossed by a constant melancholy, boredom and pessimism, a sadness of those who want peace and happiness. He established himself as a poet of rare quality, composing sometimes in classical forms, sometimes in free verse always with simple language, but was also an efficient prospector, as a writer of short stories, chronicles, novels and essays. His career begins in the early twentieth century and lasts until the 1960s, working daily in the Curitiba press, establishing himself as a cultural agitator during that time. The mammoth production contrasts with its few published books, as it has abandoned many book projects and left most of its sparse writings in newspapers and magazines. It encouraged and influenced at least two generations of artists from Paraná, such as the young people interested in futurism and modernism and the literati of the 30's and 40's who wanted to modernize Paraná's lyrics. Finally, he devoted much of his life to literature and the creation of a self-sufficient literary system in Paraná that was independent of the great urban centers of the time such as Rio de Janeiro. Keywords: Rodrigo Júnior. Literature from Paraná. Premodernism and modernism of Paraná. Simbolism. Provincialism
Prevalence and cardiovascular importance of sleep disordered breathing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
No full textIntrodução: A miocardiopatia hipertrófica é a mais frequente doença cardiovascular de origem genética e está associada a arritmias e morte cardiovascular. O aumento do átrio esquerdo e a fibrilação atrial são considerados marcadores de morte por insuficiência cardíaca em pacientes com miocardiopatia hipertrófica. A apneia obstrutiva do sono é o distúrbio respiratório do sono mais comum, caracterizando-se por episódios recorrentes de colapso parcial ou total das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono. A apneia obstrutiva do sono é muito prevalente entre as populações com doença cardiovascular, como hipertensão arterial e insuficiência cardíaca, e está associada a remodelamento cardíaco e arritmias. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono em pacientes com miocardiopatia hipertrófica e avaliar a associação da apneia obstrutiva do sono com o remodelamento cardíaco (ventricular e atrial) e fibrilação atrial em pacientes com miocardiopatia hipertrófica. Métodos: Foram estudados pacientes consecutivos estáveis clinicamente, com um diagnóstico confirmado de miocardiopatia hipertrófica acompanhados no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, questionário de sonolência, bioquímica sanguínea, ecocardiograma e monitorização respiratória noturna com poligrafia portátil. Foi utilizado um valor de corte de 15 e 30 apneias e hipopneias por hora de registro para o diagnóstico de apneia obstrutiva do sono e apneia obstrutiva do sono grave, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram avaliados 80 pacientes consecutivos com miocardiopatia hipertrófica. Apneia obstrutiva do sono foi diagnosticada em 32 pacientes (40%). Apneia obstrutiva do sono grave esteve presente em 17 pacientes (21%). Pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono foram significativamente mais velhos (56 [41-64] vs. 39 [30-53] anos, p < 0,001), apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal (28,2 ± 3,5 vs. 25,2 ± 5,2 Kg/m2, p < 0,01), maior dimensão do átrio esquerdo (45 [42-53] vs. 41 [39-47] mm, p = 0.01) e maior diâmetro da aorta (34 [30-37] vs. 29 [28-32] mm, p < 0,001) em comparação com pacientes sem apneia obstrutiva do sono. Dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla para identificar os fatores associados ao aumento do átrio esquerdo e da aorta ascendente mostraram que o índice de apneia e hipopneia foi a única variável associada ao aumento atrial (p = 0,05) e da aorta (p = 0,01), respectivamente. A fibrilação atrial permanente esteve presente em 31% vs. 6% dos pacientes com e sem apneia obstrutiva do sono, respectivamente (p < 0,01). A apneia obstrutiva do sono (p = 0,03) e o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (p = 0,03) foram os únicos fatores independentemente associados à fibrilação atrial em um modelo multivariado. Conclusão: A apneia obstrutiva do sono é muito prevalente em pacientes com miocardiopatia hipertrófica e está associada com aumento do átrio esquerdo e da aorta ascendente. A apneia obstrutiva do sono está independentemente associada à fibrilação atrial, um fator de risco para óbito cardiovascular nesta populaçãoBackground: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease and is associated with arrhythmias and cardiovascular death. Left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation are considered markers for death due to heart failure in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep disordered breathing and is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is extremely prevalent among populations with cardiovascular disease, such as systemic hypertension and heart failure and is independently associated with heart remodelling and arrhythmias. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and evaluate the association of obstructive sleep apnea with heart remodelling (ventricular and atrial) and with atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods: We studied consecutive clinically stable patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy followed in the Heart Institute Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, by clinical evaluation, sleep questionnaire, biochemical blood analysis, echocardiography and sleep study (overnight portable respiratory monitoring). We used a cut-off value of 15 and 30 apneas and hypopneas per hour of recording in the sleep study for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and severe obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. Results: We evaluated 80 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Obstructive sleep apnea was present in 32 patients (40%). Severe obstructive sleep apnea was present in 17 patients (21%). Patients with obstructive sleep apnea were significantly older (56 [41-64] vs. 39 [30-53] years, p < 0.001), presented higher body mass index (28.2 ± 3.5 vs. 25.2 ± 5.2 Kg/m2, p < 0.01), increased left atrial diameter (45 [42-53] vs. 41 [39-47] mm, p = 0.01) and aorta diameter (34 [30-37] vs. 29 [28-32] mm, p < 0.001) compared with patients without obstructive sleep apnea. Two models of stepwise multiple linear regression to identify variables associated with left atrial and ascending aorta enlargement showed that apnea-hypopnea index was the only variable associated with left atrial enlargement (p = 0.05) and aorta diameter (p = 0.01), respectively. Permanent atrial fibrillation was present in 31% vs. 6% in patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea, respectively (p < 0.01). Obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.03) and left atrial diameter (p = 0.03) were the only factors independently associated with atrial fibrillation in a multivariate model. Conclusions: Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and it is associated with left atrial and ascending aorta enlargement. Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with atrial fibrillation, a risk factor for cardiovascular death in this populatio
A nineteenth-century graphic evocation of Nasrid Granada: La leyenda del Rey Bermejo by Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos, illustrated by Isidro Gil and Gavilondo (1890)
No full textLa leyenda del Rey Bermejo was the last title published of the Biblioteca Arte y Letras, a literary fundamental collection in the history of the literature with illustrations of the 19th century. Isidro Gil y Gavilondo, the author of the drawings of the book, makes a magnificent graphical reconstruction of Granada in the 15th century. The article analyzes the importance of the collection, the place of the work in it, the labor of the literary author (Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos) and the graphical author, and the importance that the illustrations have in this work, which are superior in quality to the text.</p
Historia Argentina y vidas de santos, de Rodrigo Fresán: Hacia una nueva poética del género
No full textLa presente tesis lleva a cabo una evaluación estética de los dos primeros volúmenes de cuentos del escritor argentino Rodrigo Fresán, los cuales constituyen no solo la semilla de su proyecto creador — que encarna una ruptura con el viejo paradigma del cuento moderno — , sino que, además , son pieza clave para identificar su toma de posición (Bourdieu) . Así, esta disertación se enfoca en el contexto sociocultural en el cual el autor produce su obra y en las relaciones que establece con las formas clásicas del cuento. A lo largo del proceso de investigación, puse en diálogo distintas perspectivas teóricas y criticas del género cuento y diferentes marcos históricos e ideológicos que han acompañado su génesis y evolución. Finalmente, pongo especial atención a la toma de posición del autor en el campo literario y cultural latinoamericano, puesto que es fundamental su comprensión a la hora de trazar una estética de la obra del escritor y del género.Abstract: The present thesis carries out an esthetic evaluation of the two first volumes of short stories from the Argentinian writer Rodrigo Fresan, whi ch not only is th e seed of his created project — which means a rupture with the old paradigma from the modern short story — but is also a key part in identifying it's p osition - taking ( Bourdieu). This is how this discourse is focused in the social cultural context in which the author produces his work and in the relations which are established with the classical forms of the sh ort story. Through out th e process of the investigation , I put both theories in confrontation with one another with their different theoretical and critics perspectives of the short story genr e and different historical and ideological moments that have aco mpanied it's genisis and evolution . I finaly pay especial attent ion to the position - tak ing by the author in the Latin American literary and cultural field , as it's understanding is fundamental in the moment of drawing a esthetic line from the work of the w riter and gen r e .Maestrí
Monitoring and interpreting multistage and multicategory processes:
No full textConsider processes where a transaction moves through stages and falls within a category at each stage. For example, in a tax complaint process, the stages are the steps taxpayers follow to resolve a property tax dispute from initial complaint through final resolution. The primary motivation here is customer service, although the transactions could be related to manufacturing applications as well.
The main contribution here is a method to monitor the fractions and numbers of transactions within and across stages of multistage and multicategory processes, a problem that has not been formulated before in the literature. The proposed method not only signals an out-of-control situation, it identifies accurately and easily which stages and categories are causing the disturbance, providing interpretations within and across stages of the process.
The proposed methodology works as follows: If a multinomial distribution fits the number of transactions in each category at every stage, then the process is decomposed into single stages that are monitored separately, and finally into independent binary substages with two categories. Each binary substage is characterized by a conditional probability and monitored with an independent fraction, called a tree fraction. The number of tree fractions that are monitored depends on the number of final categories, i.e., those that do not split in any further categories, not on the number of stages.
Two other contributions, summarized next, address the single stage case. Each is useful by itself, and each contributes to the method for the multistage case as well.
The first is a new two-sided CUSUM Arcsine method to monitor a process with two categories. The second is the p-tree method that monitors a multinomial process. The p-tree method not only signals an out-of-control situation, it identifies accurately which categories are causing the problem, in contrast to the widely used method in Marcucci (1985).
Future research would cover monitoring other types of multistage processes in service. An application of using probability trees to test and interpret associations in contingency tables is envisioned.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-120)by Rodrigo Ignacio Duran Lope
The Impact Of The Development Of ICT In Several Hungarian Economic Sectors
No full textAs the author could not find a reassuring mathematical and
statistical method in the literature for studying the effect of
information communication technology on enterprises, the author
suggested a new research and analysis method that he also used to study the Hungarian economic sectors. The question of what
factors have an effect on their net income is vital for enterprises. At first, the author studied some potential indicators related to economic sectors, then those indicators were compared to the net income of the surveyed enterprises. The resulting data showed that the growing penetration of electronic marketplaces contributed to the change of the net income of enterprises to the greatest extent.
Furthermore, among all the potential indicators, it was the only indicator directly influencing the net income of enterprises.
With the help of the compound indicator and the financial data
of the studied economic sectors, the author made an attempt to find a connection between the development level of ICT and
profitability. Profitability and productivity are influenced by a lot of other factors as well. As the effect of the other factors could not be measured, the results – shown in a coordinate system - are not full but informative.
The highest increment of specific Gross Value Added was
produced by the fields of ‘Manufacturing’, ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, ‘Transport, storage and communication’ and
‘Financial intermediation’. With the exception of ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, the other economic sectors belong to the group of underdeveloped branches (below 50 percent).
On the other hand, ‘Construction’, ‘Health and social work’ and
‘Hotels and restaurants’ can be seen as laggards, so they got into the lower left part of the coordinate system.
‘Agriculture, hunting and forestry’ can also be classified as a
laggard economic sector, but as the effect of the compound
indicator on the increment of Gross Value Added was less
significant, it can be found in the upper left part of the coordinate system. Drawing a trend line on the points, it can be made clear that it shows a positive gradient, that is, the higher the usage of ICT devices, the higher improvement can be detected in the specific Gross Value Added
Tepeaquilla, 1528-1555. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 66-67 (2007) enero-agosto
No full textEdmundo O’Gorman, Destierro de sombras. Luz en el origen de la imagen y culto de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Tepeyac, México, UNAM-IIH, 1986.Rodrigo Martínez Baracs, “Tepeyac en la conquista de México: problemas historiográficos”, en Carmen Aguilera e Ismael Arturo Montero García (coords.), Tepeyac. Estudios históricos, México, Universidad del Tepeyac, 2000, pp. 55- 118; y “Secuencias de una investigación imaginaria”, en Relaciones núm. 77, Morelia, El Colegio de Michoacán, invierno de 1999, pp. 149-182.Thomas Moro, De optimo republicae. statu deque nova insula Utopia libellus, Lovaina, 1516, y Basilea, Juan Froben, 1518Francisco Miranda Godínez, Dos cultos fundantes: Los Remedios y Guadalupe (1521-1649), Zamora, El Colegio de Michoacán, 2001, p. 243Actas de cabildo de la ciudad de México (paleografía y notas de Manuel Orozco y Berra), México, Edición del Municipio Libre, Publicada por su Propietario y Director Ignacio Bejarano, 1889.Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, Crónica de la Conquista de la Nueva España, (escrita entre 1557 y 1564), Introducción de Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, Madrid, Hauser y Menet, 1941, lib. IV, cap. XxxiPeter Gerhard, Geografía histórica de la Nueva España, 1519-1821 (1972), trad. de Stella Mastrangelo, México, UNAM, 1986, pp. 185-186Andrés Lira, Comunidades indígenas frente a la ciudad de México. Tenochtitlan y Tlatelolco, sus pueblos y barrios, 1812-1919, México, El Colegio de México/El Colegio de Michoacán, 1983, cap. IPeter Gerhard, Síntesis e índice de los mandamientos virreinales, 1548-1553, México, UNAM-IIH, 1992, p. 37Ángel Palerm, Obras hidráulicas prehispánicas en el sistema lacustre del valle de México, México, sep/inah, 1973, pp. 119-133.“Greater Tenochtitlan”, mapa, en William T. Sanders, Jeffrey R. Parsons y Robert S. Santley, The Basin of Mexico. Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization, Nueva York, San Francisco/Londres, Academic Press (Studies in Archaeology), vol. II, Maps. 1979William T. Sanders, “Ecological Adaptation in the Basin of Mexico: 23 000 B.C. to the Present”, en Victoria R. Bricker (ed. gral.), Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians: Volume 1, Archaelogy (ed. de Jeremy Sabloff y Patricia Andrews), Austin, University of Texas Press, 1981, pp. 194-195.Rodrigo Martínez Baracs, Convivencia y utopía. El gobierno indio y español de la “ciudad de Mechuacan”, 1521- 1580, México, INAH/FCE (Sección de Obras de Historia), 2005, pp. 345-351.Silvio Zavala, El servicio personal de los indios de la Nueva España. Tomo I, 1521-1550, México, El Colegio de México/El Colegio Nacional, 1984, cap. I.Carlos Herrejón Peredo, Los orígenes de Guayangareo-Valladolid, Morelia, Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán/El Colegio de Michoacán, 1991.Xavier Noguez, Documentos guadalupanos. Un estudio sobre las fuentes de información tempranas en torno a las mariofanías en el Tepeyac, México, El Colegio Mexiquense/ FCE (Sección de Obras de Historia), 1993, pp. 79-81.Rodrigo Martínez Baracs, “Tepeyácac en el Códice de Tlatelolco”, en Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, núm. 34, 2003, pp. 291-306.Alfonso Caso, “Códice de Teotenantzin”, en Virginia Guzmán Monroy (ed.), Trabajos inéditos del doctor Alfonso Caso, México, INAH (Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Cuadernos de la Biblioteca), 1979.Esther Pasztory, Aztec Art, Nueva York, Harry N. Abrams, 1983; citada por Xavier Noguez, “El culto prehispánico en el Tepeyac”, en Arqueología Mexicana, vol. IV, núm. 20, 1996, p. 53Luis Reyes García (ed. y trad.), ¿Cómo te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista, México, ciesas/Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini, Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001, pp. 160-161.El culto a la Virgen de Guadalupe del Tepeyac, nadie lo duda, es uno de los elementos fundamentales de la identidad de los mexicanos. Su importancia rebasa en mucho el ámbito de lo religioso, y su culto ha cruzado las fronteras norte y sur del país. Por otro lado, el guadalupanismo no se circunscribe al culto a una imagen, sino que incluye también la creencia en una historia, la de las apariciones de la Virgen de Guadalupe y de su imagen.The studies on the beginnings of the Guadalupan cult in Mexico have been limited by the conflict between the lack of rigor of the so called “aparitionist” historians, and the merely negative arguments of the “antiaparitionist” ones. I try to find a positive path to the Guadalupan historical studies by focusing on the place itself, Tepeyac, north of Mexico City. In other works I have dealt with Tepeyac (Tepeyácac) in the precolumbian period and during the capture of the city of Mexico Tenochtitlan by the Spaniards (1519-1521). Now I resume this research by reviewing the available information created between the first documented apparition of the name of Tepeyac (Tepeaquilla, as it was then called), in 1528, and 1555, before the first documented apparition of the name of Guadalupe applied to that place in 1556.</p
D. Manuel de Portugal, leitor de Fr. Rodrigo de Deus, O.F.M
No full textThe introductory notes to the work Motivos Espirituaes (1st. edition, 1611) include two sonnets by Friar Agostinho da Cruz and one by D. Manuel de Portugal. These poems suggest that the text had been previously read and was, therefore, known by two authors. If it is no surprise that a Franciscan should know the work of another Franciscan, it is quite different in the case of a noble who is also a layman. First of all due to chronological reasons, but, most important of all, because this meant an adherence to some sort of spiritual model. It is quite clear that one sonnet alone does not express the spiritual models of its author, nor does it sustain the possibility of his acceptance of some of the spiritual principles suggested in the text written by Friar Rodrigo de Deus. In order to identify the context of this realtionship, we have also studied a small text printes in the last pages of the Obras by D. Manuel de Portugal (1st and only edition from 1605). This study helps to establish a more documented analysis of how this noble and layman accepted the principles enunciated by the author of Motivos Espirituaes. The aim of this study is, therefore, to examine the establisment of the criterion and circumstances which guided a personal and lay reading of a spiritual work largely disseminated during the 17th. century in Portugal
El poema como excedente y desperdicio: un análisis de “Uñas asesinas” de Rodrigo Blanco Calderón
No full textExisteixen dos temes que travessen la totalitat de l’obra de Rodrigo Blanco Calderón: la violència i la literatura. Aquests problemes, i els diàlegs que estableixen entre ells, són explorats en la narrativa de l’escriptor veneçolà des de diverses perspectives. En conseqüència, podem parlar d’una literatura metafictícia que constantment reflexiona sobre les seves pròpies formes. “Uñas asesinas”, el relat que tanca el seu primer llibre (Una larga fila de hombres), aborda aquestes qüestions i les vincula a problemàtiques que existeixen en la societat moderna. Concretament, amb la manera en què la societat de consum malbarata constantment, trobant-se en l’aparatosa necessitat de fer-los desaparèixer. En aquest estudi, partirem de l’anàlisi realitzat per Zygmun Bauman a Vidas desperdiciadas. La modernidad y sus parias per analitzar el text de Blanco Calderón, veient com es relaciona aquest problema amb l’altre al qual es dedica l’autor veneçolà, la literatura.There are two themes that we can find in all the works of fiction written by Rodrigo Blanco Calderón: violence and literature. These problems, and the way they dialogue, are explored in the narrative of the Venezuelan writer from different perspectives. Hence, we can speak of a metafictional literature that is constantly reflecting its own structures. “Uñas asesinas”, the short story that closes his first book (Una larga fila de hombres), approaches these themes and links them with some of the problems that exist in the modern society. Specifically, with the way that consumer society constantly produces wastes, finding itself in the complicated need of making them disappear. In this study, taking Zygmun Bauman’s Wasted lives as a starting point, we will analyze Blanco Calderón’s text, trying to precise how this problem relates with the other that interests the Venezuelan author, literature.Existen dos temas que atraviesan la totalidad de la obra de Rodrigo Blanco Calderón: la violencia y la literatura. Estos problemas, y los diálogos que establecen entre ellos, son explorados en la narrativa del escritor venezolano desde distintas perspectivas. En consecuencia, podemos hablar de una literatura metaficticia que constantemente reflexiona sobre sus propias formas. “Uñas asesinas”, el relato que cierra su primer libro (Una larga fila de hombres), aborda estas cuestiones y las vincula a problemáticas que existen en la sociedad moderna. Concretamente, con la manera en que la sociedad de consumo produce desperdicios constantemente, encontrándose en la aparatosa necesidad de hacerlos desaparecer. En este estudio, partiremos del análisis realizado por Zygmun Bauman en Vidas desperdiciadas. La modernidad y sus parias para analizar el texto de Blanco Calderón, viendo cómo se relaciona este problema con el otro al cual se dedica el autor venezolano, la literatura
Family altruism and incentives
No full textThe author builds on the altruistic model of the family, to explore the strategic interaction between altruistic parents, and selfish children, when children's efforts are endogenous. If there is uncertainty about the amount of income the children will realize, and if parents have imperfect information, the children have an incentive to exert little effort, and to rely on their parent's altruistically motivated transfers. Because of this, parents face a tradeoff between the insurance that bequests implicitly provide their children, and the disincentive to work prompted by their altruism. The author shows that if parents can credibly commit to a pattern of transfers, they will choose not to compensate children in bad outcomes, as much as predicted by the standard (no uncertainty, no asymmetric information) dynastic model of the family. Alternatively, parents may choose to forgo any insurance, and offer a fixed level of bequest, to elicit greater effort from their children. The optimal transfers structure that the author derives, reconciles the predictions of the altruistic family model, with much of the existing evidence on inter-generational transfers, which suggests that parents compensate only partially, or not at all, for earnings differentials among their children. Moreover, the author shows that Ricardian equivalence holds in this setup, except when non-negativity constraints are binding.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Educational Sciences,Safety Nets and Transfers
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