43 research outputs found
"Ecole et sentiment identitaire en Corse sous la IIIème République"
No full textInternational audienceCorsica under the Third Republic and before was completely given over to national integration. It nonetheless did not give up on the project of expressing its singularity within the nation. This shows itself in particular in the way that, historically, linguistic issues and political issues are inseparably linked. This paper examines the contradictions that the establishment of the republican paradigm within the school system lead to in Corsica before and after the First World War. From a general point of view, the issue of the educational vision carried by the schools is questioned through the issue of the imposition of French with a reading of the testimony of two authors who lived through this period, Mathieu Ceccaldi and Antoniu Trojani. More specifically, the issue of the teaching of history, and that of geography, is treated. The point is to analyse how local authors, encouraged as they are to promote the values and ideals of “petites patries” (regional countries), conciliate aspirations to identity and republicandemands, at times at the cost of rather surprising distortions of fact.Ecole et sentiment identitaire en Corse, sous la IIIe République La Corse, sous la IIIe République et même avant, a pleinement joué le jeu de l’intégration à l’ensemble national. Pour autant, elle n’en a pas, dans le même temps, renoncé à y signifier sa singularité. Cela se manifeste particulièrement dans la façon dont, historiquement, question linguistique et question politiques sont indissolublement liées. Cet article examine les contradictions dont l’installation du paradigme républicain fait l’objet au sein du système éducatif, avant et après la première guerre mondiale en Corse. Sur un plan général, est posée la question des visions de l’école à travers la question de l’imposition du français vue par deux auteurs ayant vécu cette époque, Mathieu Ceccaldi et Antoniu Trojani. Sur un plan plus spécifique, est abordée la question de l’enseignement de l’histoire, à laquelle on peut annexer celui de la géographie.Il s’agit d’examiner comment les auteurs locaux, encouragés qu’ils sont à promouvoir l’enseignement des petites patries, concilient aspirations identitaires et exigences républicaines, parfois au prix de contorsions assez confondantes vis-à-vis de la réalité des faits
"Ecole et sentiment identitaire en Corse sous la IIIème République"
No full textInternational audienceCorsica under the Third Republic and before was completely given over to national integration. It nonetheless did not give up on the project of expressing its singularity within the nation. This shows itself in particular in the way that, historically, linguistic issues and political issues are inseparably linked. This paper examines the contradictions that the establishment of the republican paradigm within the school system lead to in Corsica before and after the First World War. From a general point of view, the issue of the educational vision carried by the schools is questioned through the issue of the imposition of French with a reading of the testimony of two authors who lived through this period, Mathieu Ceccaldi and Antoniu Trojani. More specifically, the issue of the teaching of history, and that of geography, is treated. The point is to analyse how local authors, encouraged as they are to promote the values and ideals of “petites patries” (regional countries), conciliate aspirations to identity and republicandemands, at times at the cost of rather surprising distortions of fact.Ecole et sentiment identitaire en Corse, sous la IIIe République La Corse, sous la IIIe République et même avant, a pleinement joué le jeu de l’intégration à l’ensemble national. Pour autant, elle n’en a pas, dans le même temps, renoncé à y signifier sa singularité. Cela se manifeste particulièrement dans la façon dont, historiquement, question linguistique et question politiques sont indissolublement liées. Cet article examine les contradictions dont l’installation du paradigme républicain fait l’objet au sein du système éducatif, avant et après la première guerre mondiale en Corse. Sur un plan général, est posée la question des visions de l’école à travers la question de l’imposition du français vue par deux auteurs ayant vécu cette époque, Mathieu Ceccaldi et Antoniu Trojani. Sur un plan plus spécifique, est abordée la question de l’enseignement de l’histoire, à laquelle on peut annexer celui de la géographie.Il s’agit d’examiner comment les auteurs locaux, encouragés qu’ils sont à promouvoir l’enseignement des petites patries, concilient aspirations identitaires et exigences républicaines, parfois au prix de contorsions assez confondantes vis-à-vis de la réalité des faits
GAMER MRI: Gated-attention mechanism ranking of multi-contrast MRI in brain pathology
No full textDuring the last decade, a multitude of novel quantitative and semiquantitative MRI techniques have provided new information about the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. Yet, selection of the most relevant contrasts for a given pathology remains challenging. In this work, we developed and validated a method, Gated-Attention MEchanism Ranking of multi-contrast MRI in brain pathology (GAMER MRI), to rank the relative importance of MR measures in the classification of well understood ischemic stroke lesions. Subsequently, we applied this method to the classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, where the relative importance of MR measures is less understood
Reporting Clauses as Quilt Metaphors in Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace: The Visible Stitches of a Split Character
No full textThis paper investigates the use of reported speech (RS) and reporting clauses (RC) in the novel Alias Grace by Margaret Atwood (1996) from a linguistic and stylistic perspective in the context of discourse analysis. Alias Grace is a multiple viewpoint novel. The author uses the technique of dual (“split”) narrative: first-person and third-person narrators alternate chapters to construct the story of Grace Marks, a young Irish immigrant convicted of murder, and her interactions with Simon Jordan, a doctor interested in mental illnesses. The proportion of final, medial and front RCs varies significantly from one chapter to another and sometimes even within a single chapter. These variations create a “quilt pattern” reminiscent of the patchwork quilts that Grace sews throughout the novel. The paper focuses on first-person chapters, where the narrator is Grace herself. She gives precise and unlikely detail of past conversations but the frontiers between different types of RS can nevertheless be blurred in the absence of quotation marks, hence the extensive use of RCs.RCs of DS in final and medial positions—within or after the quote—are mostly found in written communication and can be used, in the context of fiction, as a means of creating the illusion of oral speech in writing (Salvan 2005). Paradoxically, oral “real life” conversations typically require that reported speakers be mentioned first, with a higher frequency of reporting clauses in front position (she said, “I will”) or of indirect speech (She said that she would). In the novel’s first-person chapters, reporting clauses in medial, final and front positions as well as direct and in indirect speech alternate in a way that reveals Grace’s split personality even before it starts showing in what she actually recounts, RCs being the visible stitches of her split character.Cet article se propose d’étudier l’utilisation du discours rapporté (DR), des incises et des énoncés introducteurs dans le roman de Margaret Atwood, Alias Grace paru en 1996. Alias Grace multiplie les points de vue. Adoptant une narration qui alterne entre première et troisième personne, l’auteur met en scène l’histoire de Grace Marks, jeune immigrante irlandaise au Canada reconnue coupable d’un double meurtre et de ses entretiens avec le docteur Simon Jordan, médecin qui se passionne pour les maladies mentales. Les énoncés rapportants, selon leur position, ne sont pas représentés de manière égale et leur proportion varie d’un chapitre à l’autre. Ces variations entre les différents types de discours créent un ou plusieurs « motif(s) » rappelant les courtepointes cousues par Grace tout au long du roman. Ce travail s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux chapitres de première personne, où Grace est le narrateur-personnage. Elle livre des détails d’une invraisemblable précision sur ses conversations passées, mais les frontières entre les différents discours se brouillent parfois, notamment en raison de l’absence de guillemets, d’où une multiplication des énoncés rapportants. Les incises médianes et finales se retrouvent surtout à l’écrit mais en contexte de fiction, elles peuvent également servir à créer « l’illusion de l’oral dans l’écrit » (Salvan 2005). Paradoxalement, les conversations orales du quotidien ont plutôt tendance à exiger que les énonciateurs rapportés soient mentionnés d’abord, ce qui explique une fréquence plus grande de ce type d’énoncé à l’oral au discours direct (elle a dit : « je m’en occupe ») ou au discours indirect (Elle a dit qu’elle s’en occuperait). Au fil des chapitres de première personne, les énoncés rapportants alternent quelle que soit leur position, de même que DS et DI. Cette alternance permet de donner un aperçu de la double personnalité de Grace avant même qu’elle commence à apparaître dans ses propos. Les énoncés rapportants, dans ce cas, peuvent être interprétés comme les coutures visibles d’un personnage aux multiples facettes
FANCD2 Maintains Fork Stability in BRCA1/2-Deficient Tumors and Promotes Alternative End-Joining DNA Repair
No full textSummaryBRCA1/2 proteins function in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and cooperate with Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins to maintain genomic integrity through replication fork stabilization. Loss of BRCA1/2 proteins results in DNA repair deficiency and replicative stress, leading to genomic instability and enhanced sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Recent studies have shown that BRCA1/2-deficient tumors upregulate Polθ-mediated alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) repair as a survival mechanism. Whether other mechanisms maintain genomic integrity upon loss of BRCA1/2 proteins is currently unknown. Here we show that BRCA1/2-deficient tumors also upregulate FANCD2 activity. FANCD2 is required for fork protection and fork restart in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. Moreover, FANCD2 promotes Polθ recruitment at sites of damage and alt-EJ repair. Finally, loss of FANCD2 in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors enhances cell death. These results reveal a synthetic lethal relationship between FANCD2 and BRCA1/2, and they identify FANCD2 as a central player orchestrating DNA repair pathway choice at the replication fork
Variability of the mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic with a focus on the Svalbard region: a study based on spaceborne active remote sensing
No full textThe Arctic region is known to be very sensitive to climate change. Clouds and in particular mixed phase clouds (MPC) remain one of the greatest sources of uncertainties in the modeling of the Arctic response to climate change due to an inaccurate representation of their variability and their quantification. In this study, we present a characterization of the vertical, spatial and seasonal variability of Arctic clouds and MPC over the whole Arctic region based on satellite active remote sensing observations. MPC properties in the region of Svalbard archipelago (78° N, 15° E) are also investigated. The occurrence frequency of clouds and MPC are determined from CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT measurements processed with the DARDAR retrieval algorithm which allows for a reliable cloud thermodynamic phase classification (warm liquid, supercooled liquid, ice, mixing of ice and supercooled liquid). Significant differences are observed between MPC variability over the whole Arctic region and over the Svalbard region. Results show that MPC are ubiquitous all along the year, with a minimum occurrence of 30% in winter and 50% during the rest of the year, in average over the whole Arctic. Over the Svalbard region, MPC occurrence is more constant with time with larger values (55%) compared to the average observed in the Arctic. MPC are especially located at low altitudes, below 3000 m, where their frequency of occurrence reaches 90%, in particular during winter, spring and autumn. Moreover, results highlight that MPC statistically prevail over sea. The temporal and spatial distribution of MPC over the Svalbard region seems to be linked to the contribution of moister air and warmer water from the North Atlantic Ocean which contribute to the initiation of the liquid water phase. Over the whole Arctic, and particularly in western regions, the increase of MPC occurrence from spring to autumn could be connected to the sea ice melting. During this period, the open water transports a part of the warm water from the Svalbard region to the rest of the Arctic region. This facilitates the vertical transfer of moisture and thus the persistence of the liquid phase. A particular attention is also paid on the measurements uncertainties and how they could affect our results
The Playful Potential of Digital Commensality: Learning from Spontaneous Playful Remote Dining Practices
No full textWith one-person households being increasingly common and Covid-19 lockdown policies forcing people to stay home, remote dining has become common practice for many, who take it as an opportunity to connect with others in times of loneliness. Sharing meals online, also known as digital commensality, is a rich form of interaction, where people leverage technology to achieve a sense of connectedness and belonging while eating. In this paper, we look at digital commensality and we explore its inherent playful potential with the aim to inspire the design of engaging technologies that can support, enhance and augment this form of interaction. For this, we used a situated play design approach to document and analyze the behavior of 36 people (including pairs of friends and strangers) sharing meals online. Our analysis surfaced a set of play potentials of remote dining -- i.e., playful things people already do and enjoy spontaneously while sharing meals online. We present those play potentials as inspirational material: they can motivate and enrich the design of future digital commensality technologies by responding to people's desire for playful and social interaction with, through, and around food
