1,720,972 research outputs found
The effect of particulate matter pollution on bronchial epithelial cell responses
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Correspondence. Visualizing out-of-body experience in the brain
No full textLetter to the editor regarding an article by D. De Ridder, K. Van Laere & P. Dupont; Visualizing out-of-body experience in the brain. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1829-183
Cerebral oximetry in cardiac arrest: a potential role but with limitations
No full textIn patients with cardiac arrest (CA) near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables non-invasive monitoring of the regional haemoglobin oxygen saturation in the brain (rSO2) and has emerged as a real time indicator of oxygen delivery to the brain which could be used to optimise cerebral oxygenation during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Unlike arterial pulse oximetry, rSO2 can still be measured when blood flow is nonpulsatile or even absent, enabling NIRS to be used during CA.
Higher rSO2 values during CPR are associated with significantly higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). However, there is a wide overlap of rSO2 values between ROSC and no-ROSC patients. In patients with in-hospital CA (IHCA) a 25% rSO2 cut-off predicted no ROSC with 100[94-100]% specificity, and 13[8-21]% sensitivity. In addition, time with rSO2 >50% during CPR best predicted favourable neurological outcome after resuscitation (cerebral performance category 1-2), suggesting that rSO2 may reflect the quality of cerebral oxygenation and perfusion during CPR.
In patients who are comatose after resuscitation from CA, rSO2 has been used to detect the optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) as the one that optimises cerebral perfusion. In clinical studies, the time spent below the optimal MAP was associated with a lower likelihood of survival (OR 0.97 [0.96:0.99]. p=0.02).
Further research is required to determine if cerebral oximetry is of real value in resuscitation but based on current evidence it is not ready for routine clinical use
Is diesel the cause for the increase in allergic disease?
No full textLearning Objectives: The purpose of this review is to objectively critique available data regarding the role of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) in allergic disease. Readers of this review should understand the ways in which diesel particulates can affect human airways and the extent of the scientific data which are currently available.Data Sources: Data were obtained from published studies and reviews.Study Selection: The specific reviewed studies selected for this review met the following criteria: human and animal in vivo, in vitro, and pulmonary dosimetry studies, as well as epidemiologic studies to examine the role of DEPs and particulates on the airways.Results: The results of the published studies show that although DEPs may play a role in the increased levels of allergic disorders through a number of immunologic mechanisms, it remains to be proven whether it is responsible for the recent rise in the prevalence of asthma and other allergic disorders.Conclusions: Further studies in humans are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which DEPs may be responsible for the increased prevalence of allergic disorders
Autocrine ligands of the epithelial growth factor receptor mediate inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust particles
Full text linkThis study identifies a mechanism whereby diesel particles stimulates IL-8 release from bronchial epithelial cells. This mechanism may help to explain the recruitment of neutrophils into the airways of people exposed to particulate air pollution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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