379 research outputs found
FIGURE 3 in A new species in the genus Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae) from India
No full textFIGURE 3. Line drawings of the microscopic features of Chroogomphus himalayanus (from KD 18-009, holotype). a. Basidiospores b. Basidia and basidioles c. Pleurocystidia d. Cheilocystidia e. Stipitipellis f. Pileipellis. Scale bars: a–e = 10 µm; f = 25 µm. Drawings by: Kanad Das and M.E. Hembrom.Published as part of Das, Kanad, Vizzini, Alfredo, Parihar, Arvind, Hembrom, Manoj E. & Ghosh, Aniket, 2021, A new species in the genus Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae) from India, pp. 84-92 in Phytotaxa 528 (2) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/577867
Chroogomphus himalayanus K. Das, Hembrom, A. Parihar & Vizzini
No full text<i>Chroogomphus himalayanus</i> K. Das, Hembrom, A. Parihar & Vizzini Figs. 2, 3 <p>MycoBank: MB 830221</p> <p>GenBank: MK 602359 (nrITS, holotype) and MK 602651 (nrITS, paratype)</p> <p>Etymology:—refers to the Himalayan mountain range, where the type locality is situated.</p> <p> Diagnosis:—Differs from similarly looking taxa mainly by the nrITS sequence data and combination of features like robust stipe (130–180 × 15–30 mm), ellipsoid to ellipsoid-elongate basidiospores (12.5– <i>16.3</i> –21 × 7.2– <i>9.6</i> – 11.8µm), markedly thick-walled hymenial cystidia and occurrence under <i>Abies densa</i> in subalpine Himalaya.</p> <p> Holotype:— INDIA. Sikkim, East-district, Gnathang, Firing Range Forest, on the soil among mosses, under the trees of <i>Abies</i>, N27°20’53.52” E88°49’06.42”, elev. 3640 m, 3 August 2018, <i>K. Das</i>, KD 18-009 (CAL 1763, holotype!).</p> <p> Description:— <i>Pileus</i> 30–70 mm, conical when young, convex to hemispherical with a prominent central low umbo when mature; surface minutely fibrillose, non-gelatinous, more or less sulcate towards margin, light orange to orange (5A4–6) or brownish orange (6C5) with brownish orange to brown (6C5–D8) at umbo; margin incurved when young, becoming decurved with maturity but often with yellowish white (2–3A2) fibrillose to irregular small velar remnants. <i>Lamellae</i> adnate (broadly attached) to decurrent, somewhat subdistant (5–6 per 10 mm at pileus margin), greyish orange to greyish brown (5B–D3) then more greyish with age; lamellulae in 3 series, concolorous. <i>Stipe</i> 130– 180 × 15–30 mm, cylindrical, broader in the middle part and slightly tapering at base, champagne to corn (4B4–5) or sometimes greyish orange (5B5), more brownish with maturity or on bruising, with some filamentous velar remnants at or near the stipe apex. <i>Basal mycelium</i> white (covering up to 60 mm from the base to apex). <i>Context</i> of the pileus pale orange (5A3) and, pale orange to light orange (5A3–5) in the stipe, unchanging when exposed but turning pale red (8A3) with guaiacol, olive (2E4) with FeSO 4 and dull red (8B3) with 3% KOH. <i>Taste</i> and <i>odour</i> indistinctive. <i>Spore print</i> not obtained.</p> <p> <i>Basidiospores</i> 12.5– <i>16.3</i> –21 × 7.2– <i>9.6</i> <b>–</b> 11.8 µm, Q = 1.4– <i>1.72</i> <b>–</b> 2.15, boletoid, ellipsoid to ellipsoid-elongate, apiculate, smooth, olivaceous brown to almost dark brown, weakly dextrinoid. <i>Basidia</i> 43–55 × 12–15 µm, septate at base, smooth, mostly hyaline, sometimes pale brown, 2–4-sterigmate, (sterigmata 3.5–11 µm long, broader at base). <i>Basidioles</i> 25–42 × 8–15 µm, clavate, smaller than basidia, septate at base, smooth, hyaline. <i>Pleurocystidia</i> 135–200 × 16–23 µm, cylindrical to subfusiform, thick-walled (wall up to 5 µm thick), smooth, hyaline (in KOH) to pale yellow (in Melzer’s) with dense contents. <i>Cheilocystidia</i> 154–180 × 17–22 µm, thick-walled (wall up to 5 µm thick), smooth, pale yellow (in Melzer’s) to hyaline (in KOH) with dense contents. <i>Hymenophoral trama</i> distinctly amyloid. <i>Pileipellis</i> a trichoderm; terminal elements cylindrical with rounded apex, hyphae, 5–12 µm diam, branched, septate, non-clamped, smooth, non-gelatinised, hyaline; terminal elements cylindrical with rounded apex. <i>Stipitipellis</i> a cutis of hyphae, 4–8 µm diam, septate (mostly), running parallel to stipe surface, densely arranged, some projected anticlinally, smooth, hyaline. <i>Basal mycelium hyphae</i> 3–9 µm diam, mostly septate and sometimes clamped, encrusted with thick amyloid granules to occasionally smooth.</p> <p> Additional specimen examined (paratype):— INDIA. Sikkim, East-district, Memeinchu, on soil among mosses, under the trees of <i>Abies densa</i>, N27°20’40.1” E88°49’00.1”, elev. 3402 m, 2 August 2018, <i>K</i>. <i>Das</i>, KD 18-076 (CAL 1764).</p>Published as part of <i>Das, Kanad, Vizzini, Alfredo, Parihar, Arvind, Hembrom, Manoj E. & Ghosh, Aniket, 2021, A new species in the genus Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae) from India, pp. 84-92 in Phytotaxa 528 (2)</i> on pages 86-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5778673">http://zenodo.org/record/5778673</a>
Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
No full textWang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min, Zhao, Chang-Lin (2019): Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5): 57-95, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/cryptogamie-mycologie/volume-40/issue-5/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5/Fungal-Biodiversity-Profiles-81-90/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5.ful
Thelephora sikkimensis sp. nov. (Thelephoraceae) from the Eastern Himalayas (India)
No full textThelephoroid fungi are abundant ectotrophic symbionts in temperate forests worldwide.The state of Sikkim, in India, constitutes a hot spot of fungal diversity due to the occurrence ofmany ectomycorrhizal tree species. Collections of a stipitate thelephoroid species were found underCastanopsis hystrix in the district South of this state. Molecular and morphological analyses supportthe placement of these collections as a monophyletic unit that is proposed here as Thelephorasikkimensis sp. nov. This species is characterized by its pileate-stipitate basidiomes; zonate-hairypileus surface, papillate-odontoid hymenophore and large basidia [35?65 (infrequently up to 125)× 7-9 μm]. Morphological details of this new species are presented along with its phylogeneticaffinities estimated on nrITS-based analyses.Fil: Das, Kanad. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Hembrom, Manoj E.. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Ghosh, Aniket. Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University; IndiaFil: Parihar, Arvind. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Kuhar, José Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentin
FIG. 16 in Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
No full textFIG. 16. — Russula capillaris Buyck, sp. nov. (holotype), morphology of fresh basidioma: A, detail of pileus and stipe surface; B, section showing stipe interior; C, details of gills. Photos: B. Buyck.Published as part of Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90, pp. 57-95 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 80, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, http://zenodo.org/record/781489
Emerging market chrises : an asset markets perspective
No full textAdditional author listed in caption title on p. 1: Arvind KrishnamurthyOctober, 1998--t.p. -- This draft: Novebmer 5, 1998--P.
FIG. 18 in Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
No full textFIG. 18. — Russula capillaris Buyck, sp. nov. (holotype), microscopic features of the hymenophore: A, spores; B, basidia and basidiola; C, marginal cells of the gill edge; D, gloeocystidia on gill sides; E, gloeocystidia on gill edge. Cystidial contents are mostly schematic, note also the presence of incrusting material that is easily observed near the base of many pleurogloeocystidia. Scale bar: 10 µm, but only 5 µm for spores. Drawings: B. Buyck.Published as part of Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90, pp. 57-95 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 82, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, http://zenodo.org/record/781489
FIG. 17 in Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
No full textFIG. 17. — Russula capillaris Buyck, sp. nov. (holotype), microscopic features of pileipellis: A, pileocystidia near the trama-subpellis transition with schematic contents in one and indication of refringent conglomerates in both other cells; B, detail of zebroid incrustations observed on most subpellis and context hyphae; C, hyphal extremities of the pileus surface. Scale bar: 10 µm. Drawings: B. Buyck.Published as part of Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90, pp. 57-95 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on page 81, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, http://zenodo.org/record/781489
Hymenochaete sharmae Hembrom, K. Das & A. Parihar 2019, sp. nov.
No full text81. Hymenochaete sharmae Hembrom, K. Das & A. Parihar, sp. nov. (Figs 1-5) Distinct from other Hymenochaete species by the combination of resupinate, closely adnate, greyish white to purplish grey basidiomata with chalky white floccose margins when fresh, its cracked, separable hymenophore becoming rusty brown to charcoal black and papery thin when mature, ellipsoid basidiospores (5-6.26-7 × 3-3.68-5 Μm) and occurrence on bamboos. TYPUS. — India. Jharkhand, Sahibganj district, Taljhari block, Sogorbhanga village, on the dead stump of bamboos, 40 m a.s.l., 24°59’07.3”N, 87°43’27.8”E, 13.XI.2016, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-70191 (holo-, CAL [CAL 1535]!). MYCOBANK. — MB 830163. GENBANK. — KY929017, MK588753 (nrITS,), KY929018, MK588836 (nrLSU).Etymology. — Commemorating Dr. Jai Ram Sharma, the pioneer worker who revised Indian Hymenochaetaceae. OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. Jharkhand: Sahibganj district, Mandro Block, Chaldi on the forest track to Chaldi from Solbandha, Sahibganj, 210 m a.s.l., 25°11’16.0”N, 87°36’52.7’E, on dead roots of Bamboos, 9.XI.2011, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-70173; Sahibganj district, Borio block, Simaljori from Kairasol Pir-Baba, 119 m a.s.l., 25°09’40.0”N, 87°41’15.1”E, on dead roots of bamboos, 30.IX.2017, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-70191; Borio block, Dalabari village, 122 m a.s.l., 25°02’38.2”N, 87°39’12.2”E, on standing dead bamboos, 26.VIII.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66088; Sahibganj district, Taljhari block, Gogi approach from Simaljori to Karanpurato, 228 m a.s.l., 25°09’00.1”N, 87°42’21.6”E, on dead bamboo stump, 30.IX.2017, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-70198; Taljhari block, Dhamdhamia village, 40 m a.s.l., 24°56’55.4”N, 87°45’32.7”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 28.IX.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-69985; Sahibganj district, Pathna-Barharwa block, Chandragoda paharia hilly areas, 240 m a.s.l., 24°51’10.0”N, 87°38’18.4”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 7.IX.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66204; Rajmahal hills, Godda district, Boarijor block, Tatkunda from Boarijor-Lalmatia road, 225 m a.s.l., 25°01’19.3”N, 87°24’07.0”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 1.IX.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66168; Boarijor block, Amarpur Puriabadar, 398 m a.s.l., 25°00’03.0”N, 87°27’45.8”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 8.IX.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66450; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, Litipara block, Charaknarapahar from Sathia-Narchi, 356 m a.s.l., 24°44’01.3”N, 87°34’30.3”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 18.VIII.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66912; Pakur district, Hiranpur block, Dangapara, 310 m a.s.l., 24°37’05.6”N, 87°28’30.2”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 28.VIII.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-66258; Rajmahal hills, Dumka district, Ramgarh block, Kakni, Karbindha, 214 m a.s.l. 24°30’14.2”N, 87°16’06.9”E, on dead bamboos, 17.IX.2015, Samuel Murmu, SM-15-09; Dumka district, Gopikandar block, Gariapani to Dumurtola, 130 m a.s.l., 24°24’32.2”N, 87°29’49.6”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 20.X.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-69927; Dumka district, Kathikund block, Kanhaideeh village, 140 m a.s.l., 24°19’42.0”N, 87°30’54.7”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 18.IX.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-69912; Dumka district, Sikaripara block, Karakata forest area, 323 m a.s.l., 24°12’52.9”N, 87°30’15.3”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 23.X.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-69957; Dumka district, Maslia block, Madhuban bichkhora hills, 160 m a.s.l., 24°14’31.9”N, 87°12’45.6”E, on dead stump of bamboos, 21.X.2015, Samuel Murmu, SM-15-16. DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Annual, resupinate, widely effused up to 600 mm or more long in the longest direction, papery thin, 160-500 Μm thick in section, closely adnate, inseparable when fresh, initially appearing as small slightly grayish brown patches, then growing in irregular pattern in all directions on the host surface and finally becoming fused with adjacent basidiomata covering entire lower part of bamboo nodes, internodes and roots before fading to give appearance of a mark of grayish white ‘paint’. Hymenophore Smooth when fresh but gradually cracking into distinct various angular shapes and finally detaching off from host as brittle papery crust, irregularly and distantly papillate, azonate, grayish brown then violet white to pale violet to dark brown to pale blue, becoming greyish violet at maturity, finally chestnut brown to charcoal brown in old specimens. Margin 1-5 mm wide, floccose, chalky white. Subiculum smooth, sandy, duplex, pale orange to greyish orange towards host surface while greyish white towards hymenophore. Hyphal system Monomitic, septate, hyphae swelling in KOH, IK-, CB-, older tissue more or less darkening towards substrata and mostly unchanging toward hymenium in KOH. Subiculum of repeatedly branched, compactly interwoven generative hyphae and setae; cortex absent. Generative hyphae 3-6 Μm wide, septate, much branched, moderate to distinctly thick-walled, pale yellow to hyaline. Setae evenly distributed throughout the context, 10-80 × 6-15 Μm, acuminate (mostly) to few with lateral swellings; tip acute (mostly) to more or less obtuse, few sheathed with hyaline crystalline contents, with or without lumen, hyaline to dark brown. Hymenium Generative hyphae 2-4 Μm wide, septate, branched, thinwalled, interwoven, hyaline. Setae 25-80 × 9-15 Μm, randomly and sparsely distributed, subulate; tip acute to obtuse, sheathed (mostly) with crystalline hyaline contents, emergent up to 25 Μm, dark brown. Cystidia Absent. Cystidioles Present, 16.5-24 × 3-3.5 Μm, thin-walled, hyaline. Hyphidia Emergent, septate, sparsely branched, obtuse to ampullate, hyaline. Basidia 12-16 × 4-6 Μm, clavate, 4-sterigmate, septate at base. Basidioles 11-16 × 4-5 Μm, clavate, septate at base. Basidiospores 5-6.26-7 × 3-3.68-5 Μm, Q = 1.4-1.66-1.96, ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, acyanophilic. NOTES This species is one of the common wood-rotting corticoid fungi in Rajmahal Hills of Jharkhand, India (Fig. 1). It can easily be recognized in the field by its exclusive occurrence on bamboos, on which it forms remarkably thin, membranous, closely adnate, smooth to slightly papillate (under 10×), purplish grey to grayish white basidiomata which gradually crack into easily separable dark brown crusts (partially lamellate when associated with other wood inhabiting lower fungi). Under the microscope, the combination of emergent setae and hyphoid elements coupled with the relatively large-sized, ellipsoid basidiospores are significant taxonomic features. Further diagnostic features include the chalky white, floccose margin with highly variable size of setae. 0.1 The above-mentioned combination of morphological features is very distinct from six additional bambusicolous species of Hymenochaete reported from South East Asia (Nie et al. 2017). Hymenochaete bambusicola S.H. He is distinct microscopically due to the presence of unusual dimitic hyphal system while absence of any hyphal layer in H. innexa G. Cunn. is quite characteristic (Nie et al. 2017). Absence of any hyphoid elements in the hymenium of H. muroiana I. Hino & Katum., H. orientalis S.H. He, H. rhabarbarina (Berk.) Cooke, and H. tropica S.H. He & Y.C. Dai segregates them from our species (Nie et al. 2017). Our nrITS- and nrLSU-based phylogenies (Figs 2, 3), with 43 and 35 sequences respectively, fully resolved the genus Hymenochaete. Respective sequences (KY929017, MK588753 for MEH-70191 and MEH- 66088 in case of nrITS; KY929018, MK588836 for MEH-70191 and MEH- 66088 in case of nrLSU) derived from present Indian species are found to be clustered amongst few Asian species of Hymenochaete in both of our phylogenetic estimations. However, H. sharmae Hembrom, K. Das & A. Parihar, sp. nov., is recovered with strong support as a distinct taxon in both these phylogenetic analyses, being sister to the clade leading to H. japonica Yasuda and H. duportii Pat. Morphologically, the present species resembles Hydnochaete duportii because of the formation of resupinate, effused basidiomata, cracking at maturity. However, the latter species differs by its umber brown margin, relatively thick basidiomata, and cylindrical basidiospores 4-5 × 1.5-2 Μm (Ryvarden 1982). Similarly, Hydnochaete japonica, originally reported from Japan, is phylogenetically close to the present species but its pileate to effused reflexed basidiomata (more than 2 mm thick), dark brown to black hymenophore and rusty brown margin (Ryvarden 1982) allow to separate it. Another resupinate, papery thin species, Hymenochaete murina Bres. (included in both of our phylogenetic analyses) is very distinct because of its concolorous margin and medium-sized setae measuring 45-50 × 7-10 Μm (Léger 1998). H. peroxydata (Berk. ex Cooke) Baltazar et al. has relatively thick basidiomata exceeding 2 mm in thickness, cinnamon colored margin, cylindrical basidiospores measuring 3-4 × 1.5-2 Μm, and blunt, medium to long, 35-70 × 7-15 Μm setae (Ryvarden 1982) and occurrs on dicotyledonous hosts. The resupinate H. sphaerospora J.C. Léger & Lanq., which shares with our species the presence of hyphoid elements in the hymenium, differs in its 0.5-1 mm thick basidiomata and globose to subglobose basidiospores (Léger 1998).Published as part of Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81 - 90, pp. 57-95 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on pages 58-65, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, http://zenodo.org/record/781489
Cultural Spectrum in Arvind Adiga’s Selection Days
No full textCultural Studies have played a pivotal role in understanding and evaluating the power dynamics of the social, political, economic and ethical world order by empirically engaging and focusing on the present-day culture, tracing its historical roots and explicating its attributes with reference to a particular literary text and its reception in a society. Arvind Adiga, the Man-Booker Prize winning Indo-Australian author, in Selection Day, has adroitly detailed how cricket as an individual entity impacts the cultural phenomena of a society by confronting its inherent myriad issues. The narrative delves deep into the lives of two siblings - Radha and Manju, witnesses the dramatic turnaround of events and tries to capture the themes of unfulfilled desires and preordained destinies. The novel also explores how the sport holds different meanings and significance for different characters, each of whom view the game in the light of their own ideology. The author foresees and sensitizes the theme of homosexuality, which is still a taboo and been unheard of, within the sports fraternity. Adiga’s critique of the parental felony, embodied in Mohan Kumar, and its repercussions is the most compelling theme at the heart of this work of fiction. Selection Day powerfully binds together the societal phenomena of class construction, unquenchable thirst for money, sexual orientations and ideologies with a single thread and studies how culture, in itself, is an ever-evolving phenomenon
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