1,721,080 research outputs found
A critical evaluation of the pH split and associated effects in bioelectrochemical processes
Full text linkTypical reactions in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) promote the phenomenon of the pH split between anode and cathode. The pH split results in an undesirable phenomenon which has stimulated several technological solutions to limit its effects, particularly for energy-producing bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). On the other hand, several applications of energy-consuming BESs exploited the pH split to integrate different operations using the bioelectrochemical reactions. Those additional operations, which are directly related to the electric field generated by the bioelectrochemical interphases, include target products extraction, concentration, and recovery. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the different bioelectrochemical applications in which the pH split is used for the integration of bioelectrochemical reactions with products concentration and recovery. By discussing the phenomenon of the pH split in BESs, this paper presents an alternative view to stimulate new niches of applications for the bioelectrochemical processes
Microbial Synthesis, Gas-Fermentation and Bioelectroconversion of CO2 and other Gaseous Streams
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Microbial Synthesis, Gas-Fermentation and Bioelectroconversion of CO2 and other Gaseous Streams
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Synergy or Antagonism? Exploring the Interplay of SnO2 and an N‑OMC Carbon Capture Medium for the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction toward Formate
No full textClosing the anthropogenic carbon cycle by means of the sustainable electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO(2)R) toward formate (FA) is a promising strategy for CO2 abatement, clearing the path toward a carbon neutral future. Currently, three possible reaction pathways have been identified for the eCO(2)R toward FA, all of which are initiated by the adsorption of CO2 on the electrocatalyst's surface. Therefore, a possible strategy to enhance the availability of CO2 near the active sites is to combine an active electrocatalyst material (here, SnO2) with a known carbon capture medium (here, nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N-OMC)). SnO2 was introduced in situ during the N-OMC synthesis, yielding SnO2-N-OMCs. We approached the state of the art for Sn-based N-doped carbon electrocatalysts in terms of performance under industrially relevant currents with an average FEFA of 59% for SnO2-N-OMC (6) and 61% for SnO2-N-OMC (2). Moreover, the SnO2-N-OMC electrocatalysts require a low overpotential, courtesy of the N-OMC support, compared to the state of the art, for the selective conversion of CO2 toward FA at the industrially relevant current density of 100 mA cm(-2). Additionally, the 24 h stability of the best performing SnO2-N-OMC electrocatalysts is explored, and pulverization/agglomeration and in situ SnO2 reduction are identified as major degradation pathways, allowing future research to be steered more accurately toward more stable Sn-based electrocatalysts for the eCO(2)R toward FA. An optimal combination of both the SnO2 species and the N-OMC carbon capture medium could result in a synergistic effect, especially when utilization of the N-OMC support material is optimized to morphologically stabilize the SnO2 active species.K.V.D. received financial support through a PhD fellowship strategic basic research (1S83320N) from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). Additionally, this project received funding in the framework of the Catalisti cluster SBO project CO2PERATE (“All renewable CCU based on formic acid integrated in an industrial micro-grid”), with financial support of VLAIO (Flemish Agency for Innovation and Entrepreneurship) (UA & VITO). Furthermore, this research was supported by the Interreg 2 Seas-program 2014− 2020, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund under subsidy contract no. E2C 2S03-019 (UA & VITO). D.B. and D.P. acknowledge the support from European Union’s Horizon 2020 MSCA-ITN programme under grant agreement no. 955650 (CATCHY). S.H. is financially supported through a PhD fellowship strategic basic research (1S42623N) from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). R.J. received financial support of the federal Energy Transition Fund by FPS
Economy. T.A. acknowledges funding from the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). We acknowledge Prof. Tom Hauffman and Kitty Baert from the Electrochemical and Surface Engineering research group (SURF) at the VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) for the XPS measurements, Prof. Christophe Vande Velde from the Intelligence in Processes, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS, UAntwerp) research group for the XRD analysis, and Prof. Pegie Cool, Prof. Vera Meynen, and Radu-George Ciocarlan from the Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA, UAntwerp) for the nitrogen physisorption and Raman spectroscopy measurements
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Enhancing the stability of Sn-based electrocatalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction towards formate
No full textAbstract: Since the start of the second industrial revolution in the late 19th century, a rapid increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions and land-use changes have been supercharging the natural greenhouse effect, making CO2 Earth\u2019s most harmful and prevalent greenhouse gas, bringing about global warming, disrupted weather patterns and an acidification of the oceans. The electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) into industrially valuable products has become one of the most promising technologies to valorise anthropogenic CO2 emission, while simultaneously providing a means of energy storage for intermittent renewable sources, such as wind-, solar- and hydro energy. According to most eCO2R literature and techno-economic assessments, the eCO2R towards formate/formic acid (FA) has the potential to generate the highest revenue per mole of consumed electrons. However, for this process to become industrially feasible, a low cost catalyst with excellent activity, selectivity and stability is required. While state-of-the-art literature reports a wide variety highly selective and active Sn-based electrocatalysts, their stability is currently inadequate for industrial application of the eCO2R towards formate/formic acid. Throughout this dissertation, several important insights were gained concerning the stability of Sn-based electrocatalysts. Moreover, several major morphological degradation pathways were diminished, utilising a particle confinement strategy, and the possibilities to further enhance Sn-based electrocatalyst stability, by decreasing in situ SnO2 reduction via pulsed potential eCO2R, were explored, paving the way for future research
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction : Commercial Innovations and Prospects
Full text linkSustainability is an imperative requirement in this era, with electrocatalytic power into fuels technologies emerging as a significant route toward sustainable chemistry. One of the focus areas within the chemical industry is capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its electrochemical reduction (eCO2RR) into economically viable commodities through the utilization of renewable sources. Despite some specific eCO2RR technologies being poised for market introduction, the development of a comprehensive technology for eCO2RR remains a challenge. While certain technologies targeting specific eCO2RR products are on the verge of deployment, substantial efforts are still necessary to transition and establish presence in the market over conventional technologies. This review highlights recent technological advancements, fundamental studies, and the persisting challenges from an industrial perspective. We take a deep dive into the research methodologies, strategies, challenges, and advancements in the development of applications for eCO2RR. Specifically, three eCO2RR products - CO, HCOOH, and C2H4 - as promising candidates for implementation are elaborated based on techno-economic considerations. Additionally, the review discusses the industrial blueprint for these products, aiming to streamline their path toward commercialization. The intent is to present the status of eCO2RR, offering insights into its potential transformation from a mere laboratory curiosity to a feasible technology for industrial chemical synthesis
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