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Tobacco chewing habits and risk of precancerous oral lesions among Paniya tribes of Wayanad, India - a cross sectional study
No full textBackground
Oral cancer is a major public health problem among Paniya
tribes, a marginalized tribal group in Kerala state, South India. Previous
studies have documented a high prevalence of tobacco chewing habit among Paniya
tribals in Wayanad. Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa, known as potentially
malignant disorders are consists of a group of diseases, which should be
diagnosed in the early stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
risks imposed by tobacco chewing in the development of oral cancer.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to
assess tobacco chewing and precancerous oral lesions prevalence among 600
Paniya tribes in the Wayanad District,India.
Information on tobacco chewing status, type ,
quantity and duration of chewing was collected
from cases and controls using a questionnaire.Inhabitants of the villages aged
18 to 65 years who were residing for more than 10 years were included. All the
examinations were performed by a single
examiner. Data was collected using a survey proforma which comprised of a
questionnaire and WHO Oral Health Surveys (1997). The
collected data was subjected to statistical analysis.
Results
In this study precancerous lesions were found to be far
more prevalent among chewing Paniya tribes than among the controls(P <
0.0001). The prevalence of precancerous oral lesions were higher among tobacco
chewers (18.9%,95%,CI 16.5-20.9). This was much higher than found among the non
chewer(0.8%,95 CI 0.6-1.3). Among the tobacco chewers a statistically
significant relationship was observed between precancerous lesions and poor
access to health care (P< 0.001).
Conclusions
Prevalence of precancerous oral lesions in the study
population was due to tobacco usage and lack of awareness regarding the
deleterious effects of the products used. Regular oral examination by dental
professionals, dental health education and motivation to maintain oral hygiene
should be insisted to improve the oral health status of this community
Andreimyrme paniya Terine, Lelej & Girish Kumar 2021
No full textAndreimyrme paniya Terine, Lelej & Girish Kumar, 2021 (Fig. 91) Andreimyrme paniya Terine, Lelej & Girish Kumar, 2021: 185, ♀, holotype ♀ (Periya, Wayanad District, Kerala, India) [ZSIK], examined. Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head ventrally dark red; frons and vertex punctures large dense; gena punctures large confluent; vertex without medial longitudinal carina; clypeus with medial tubercle. Mandible wide tridentate, oblique to apex, dorsal subapical tooth distinct but smaller than middle subapical tooth, middle subapical tooth subequal to apical tooth. F1 black. Mesosoma dark red with large black spot on posterior propodeal face; dorsal thoracic length 0.94× mesosomal width; humeral carina lamellately projecting; posterior propodeal face without medial longitudinal carina. Legs yellowish red with femoral apices, tibiae, and tarsi black. Metasoma dark red; T2 length 1.05× width; T2 disc flattened medially, without anteromedial pale spot; T2 punctures small confluent; T2 posterior band narrow, white, medially interrupted; T3 with black setae; S2 punctures large sparse; surface of pygidial plate smooth; lateral margins of pygidial plate slightly convergent anteriorly, carinate on posterior half. MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype ♀: India: KERALA: Wayanad district, Periya, Camp shed, 11°51′5.06″N 75°47′22.55″E, 594 m, 10.II.2021, K.A. Subramanian & party, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV. 17336 [ZSIK]. Distribution. India: Kerala. Remarks. This species is recognized in Andreimyrme by having the head ventrally and metasoma reddish, the posterior propodeal face with black spot, and the T2 posterior band medially interrupted. Although we added nine East Asian species to Andreimyrme based on females, A. paniya is still the sole member with the mesosoma and metasoma reddish, providing additional support to recognition of a color syndrome for A. paniya and similarly colored mutillids discovered in India (Lelej 2020; Terine et al. 2021).Published as part of Okayasu, Juriya, Williams, Kevin A., Lelej, Arkady S. & Pham, Thai Hong, 2021, Review of female Andreimyrme Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Smicromyrmini), pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 5061 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/564215
DEVELOPMENT OF TLC FINGERPRINTING PROFILE OF SHADANGA PANIYA – AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Shadanga Paniya is a compound Ayurvedic formulation that contains six ingredients. Ayurvedic Physicians have been using Shadanga Paniya to treat fever for ages. Symptoms of COVID-19 are also being treated by Shadanga Paniya. However, the Shadanga Paniya has not reported standardisation.
AIMS: To prepare Shadanga Paniya as per the standard classical protocol. To carry out qualitative tests, standardisation and TLC profile development for Shadanga Paniya.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the ingredients of Shadanga Paniya wiz. Nagarmotha, Pittapapada, Khasa, Lal Chandana, Sugandhbala and Sunthi were taken in equal amounts. All these ingredients are heated over mild heat with water. The filtration of liquid Shadanga Paniya is carried out after completing proper deduction. Shadanga Paniya was subjected to organoleptic tests. Qualitative tests, physicochemical parameters and thin layer chromatography studies were also carried out. The comparative TLC studies of Shadanga Paniya was carried out with its ingredients.
RESULTS: Organoleptic tests of Shadanga Paniya showed that the colour of the liquid was reddish-brown, and the liquid was clear. It has a characteristic odour with an astringent taste. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols and glycosides. Test sample parameters revealed a total solids content (0.812 % w/v) and specific gravity (1.0083). The test sample has a Refractive index (1.334) and pH (4.2). The Thin Layer Chromatography study exhibited 3 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm. After spray, it showed 7 bands under 254 nm and 366 nm. The comparative TLC studies showed the similarities between Shadanga Paniya and its ingredients.
CONCLUSION: The typical type of solvent system [Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (6:3:0.1:1)] is shows the proper separation in Shadanga Paniya. Therefore, the findings of the present study may be found helpful to standardise Shadanga Paniya
STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTHCARE: PANIYA WOMEN IN KERALA
Full text linkBackground:-The Paniya tribal community, a marginalized group in Kerala (Wayanad), faces significant health disparities due to socio-economic and cultural barriers. Tribal women in particular experience heightened vulnerability in accessing healthcare services, which is further compounded by limited infrastructure, inadequate awareness, and systemic inequalities. This study explored the structural determinants influencing healthcare access, reproductive health practices, and the prevalence of diseases among Paniya tribal women in Wayanad district, Kerala, South India. Methods:-A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1205 Paniya tribal women aged 18–90 years residing in WayanadDistrict of Kerala. A multistage random sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Data was collected using a pretested structured interview schedule, capturing socio-demographic characteristics, maternal and reproductive health details, availability of medical facilities in tribal colonies, prevalence of communicable and chronic diseases, and healthcare-seeking behavior. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentage were used to summarize the findings. Chi-square test was conducted to determine the associations between the key variables and healthcare access or utilization patterns. ANOVA, Linear Regression, Correlation and Coefficient values were calculated.Results:-The majority of women respondents with reproductive age (68%), among them 63.5% of the household depend on agriculture. Economic challenges were evident, as 45% of respondents lived below the poverty line. Only 49.4% of the respondents had access to proper sanitation facilities. Traditional health practices were used by 63.6% of the women, while 52% reported limited access to modern healthcare services. A significant positive correlation (p< 0.05) was found between the educational level and healthcare access, while educated women being more likely to seek professional healthcare system. Additionally, women with stable income sources (p< 0.01) had better health outcomes and were more likely to use healthcare facilities
TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF APAMARGA PANIYA KSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UDARASHULA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BILIARY COLIC
Full text linkAim: To evaluate the effect of Apamarga paniya kshara in the management of Udarashula with special reference to Biliary Colic.Objective: 1) To find the effect of Apamarga Kshara in the management of Udarashula with special reference to biliary colic.2) To review literature regarding Udarashula and biliary colic.3) To establish concept of acute abdomen in Ayurveda and management of it with Ayurvedic principle.Method: 1) Patients were registered with the help of proforma prepared for the study. 2) 20 patients were assigned in a single group for observational study.Types of study: Clinical StudyAssessment criteria: Effect of therapy was assessed by the signs and symptoms before and after treatment. It was assessed on the basis of self-formulated scoring scale for Pain, Tenderness, Murphy’s sign and Visual analogue scale.Period of Study: All patients were treated with Apamarga Paneeya kshara 1 gram twice daily with water for seven daysFollow Up: on 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th day after completion of treatment.Results: By using Apamarga paniya kshara in the management of Udarashula with special reference to Biliary Colic showed a significant result.Statistical Analysis: The Statistical Analysis reveals that in the management of Udarashula with special reference to Biliary Colic the efficacy of Apamarga paniya kshara is effective.Conclusion: Apamarga paniya kshara in the management of Udarashula with special reference to Biliary Colic showed a positive result
Andreimyrme paniya Terine, Lelej & Girish Kumar 2021, sp. nov.
No full textAndreimyrme paniya Terine, Lelej & Girish Kumar, sp. nov. (Figs 1–9) Diagnosis. This is the only known female of Andreimyrme with the head and metasoma predominantly reddishbrown. Other useful diagnostic features include: clypeus apically emarginated, basomedially with a longitudinal tubercle not reaching the apex. Scutellar scale lacking. T2 posteriorly with a medially interrupted white fringe. T3–5 with black erect setae. Pygidial plate long sub-ovate, widest sub-apically with lateral carina, smooth and shiny throughout. Description. FEMALE. Body length 4.76 mm. Coloration and setation. Body ferruginous-red, vertex with black tint, mandible and clypeus with same color as body, mandible apically black, antennae black dorsally, reddish ventrally; pronotum dorsally brownish-red, posterior propodeal face with large dorsomedial black spot; legs ferruginous-brown with darker reddish-brown tibia and tarsus. Frons with sub-erect black setae, vertex with mixed black and yellowish setae, gena and ventral portion of occiput with sub-appressed white setae. Mandible and clypeus with sub-erect white setae. Mesosoma dorsally with sub-erect black setae mixed with white ones on mesoscutum anteriorly and posteromedially. Posterior propodeal face, except dorsomedial black spot with long erect white setae. Mesopleuron and metapleuron with sub-appressed white setae, propleuron with sparse sub-appressed white setae. Legs with white sub-erect setae. T1 with white erect setae. T2 with sub-appressed and erect black setae and apically with narrow band interrupted medially of white sub-appressed setae. T3–5 with black erect setae. T6 except pygidial plate with white erect setae. S1–5 with white erect setae, S6 with black setae mixed with some white ones. Head. Shape almost oval in frontal view, not elongated behind eyes, width behind eye 1.2 × pronotum width; eyes oval, longitudinal eye diameter 1.04 × minimal distance between eyes, inner margin with slight shallow emargination; genal carina distinct, forming raised small distinct tooth with hypostomal carina; mandible acuminated apically and tridentate; clypeus emarginated apically, not bidentate, basomedial portion convex, with tubercle. Scape 4.39 × maximal width; F1–3 length ratio 20:18:18; frons with large punctures, gena reticulate. Mesosoma. Maximal pronotal width 0.85 × head width behind eye; pronotum width 1.2 × propodeum width; mesosomal dorsum with coarse confluent large punctures; dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum and mesonotum separated by a wavy carina; humeral carina distinct, expanded dorsally; scutellar scale lacking; mesopleuron and metapleuron with dense small punctures; lateral and posterior propodeal faces separated by wavy sub-dentate carina; lateral propodeal face smooth and shiny; posterior propodeal face reticulate, basally with small punctures. Legs. Mid and hind tibia with two rows of spines. Metasoma. T1 not constricted posterad; T2 maximal width 2.0 × T1 maximal width; T2 with lateral felt line; S1 with simple longitudinal lamella; T6 with long sub-ovate pygidial plate, widest sub-apically with lateral carina, smooth and shiny throughout; S6 posterior margin truncate; T1–5 and S3–6 with small punctures throughout, denser on T2 disc; S2 with large sparse punctures. MALE. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype ♀, INDIA, Kerala, Wayanad district, Periya, Camp shed, 11°51’5.06”N, 75°47’22.55”E, 594 m, 10.II.2021, K.A. Subramanian & party, ZSI/ WGRC /IR/INV. 17336 [ZSIK]. Distribution. India (Kerala). Etymology. The specific name paniya is derived from the name of an indigenous tribe present in Wayanad and other parts of the Western Ghats. The term Paniya means ‘someone who does work’, which described their social standing, as a community who does work for their landlords. Paniyas were agrestic slaves who worked in the agricultural field of the janmis (jenmis) or landlords. This new species is named after the ‘paniya’ to honour this indigenous tribal community of the Western Ghats and to speak against the caste system that prevailed in the past. Treat as a noun in apposition. Remarks. The new species Andreimyrme paniya is similar to A. sarawakensis Lelej, 1996 and A. neaera (Mickel, 1935) but differs from both by having the head mostly ferruginous-red (entirely black in both), the metasoma reddish-brown (dark metallic blue in both). The new species differs from A. sarawakensis by having T2 posterior margin with the narrow band of white setae interrupted medially (with broad, medially slightly widened band of appressed yellowish setae in A. sarawakensis), and the pygidial plate smooth with lateral carinae (anterior half of pygidial plate obscurely and longitudinally rugose and posterior half smooth in A. sarawakensis). Andreimyrme paniya differs from A. neaera by having T2 without setal spots, posteriorly with narrow band of white setae interrupted medially (with antero-medial small spot of pale setae and posteriorly with wide complete band of yellowish setae in A. neaera), and the T6 with pygidial plate smooth (pygidial area smooth, anterior half weakly, obscurely, longitudinally rugose in A. neaera).Published as part of Terine, Joshua B., Lelej, Arkady S. & Kumar, Girish P., 2021, Discovery of the genus Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in India and description of a new species from the Western Ghats, pp. 184-190 in Zootaxa 5020 (1) on pages 185-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/522285
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PANIYA KSHARA IN MUTRAKRICHHA W.S.R. TO LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION: A CONTROLLED RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL
Full text linkMutrakrichha is a disease in which Mutra is voided with much Dukha (discomfort). The word Mutrakrichha comprises of two words, Mutra and Krichha, which means Krichha pravritti of Mutravahana (difficulty in micturition). Mutrakrichha comes under the disorders of Mutravaha srotas and mainly deals with Shool (pain) and Krichhata (dysuria). Mutrakrichha can be an independent disease as well as associated symptom in other disease. In the contemporary science, the disease with similar signs and symptoms are Lower urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract infection is the most common infection known to mankind and a common condition seen in general practice. Urinary tract infection affects more than 150 million people every year worldwide. It is well explained by all the Acharyas. Charaka has described eight types of Mutrakrichha. Acharya Sushruta in Uttra-Tantra has separately described Mutraghata and Mutrakrichha. Acharyas have mentioned drugs having antibacterial and diuretic property in Mutrakrichha chikitsa. Paniya kshara is an age old treatment modality used since ancient times. To evaluate the role of Paniya kshara in Mutrakrichha, a total of thirty patients were selected with complaints of painful micturation, fever, urgency and tenderness. Patients were given Paniya Kshara. The study revealed highly significant results in terms of pain, fever, urgency and tenderness
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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