2,833,608 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Detecting and predicting thematic areas evolution of R&D and Innovation research
No full textThe literature dealing with the intersection between Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation is characterized by a huge number of scientific studies. In our opinion, there is the need to provide an overview of the main themes investigated. This could serve to highlight both outdated and emerging themes. Through a systematic review of the literature based on text mining methods on the topic “R&D and Innovation”, we identified seven significant clusters of research papers and articles in objectively justifiable patterns and sets that make possible the understanding of thematic areas evolution, that can be useful for the definition of future research avenues. We believe that our results are important for developing new streams of research and are useful not only for experienced scholars, but also for PhD students. They allow the possibility to figure out the evolution of thematic areas dealing with this topic, which implicitly leads to highlight the hottest ones in recent years, without traditional biases characterizing manual systematic reviews
Engraved on steel by R. Page
No full textEngraving showing a balloon flying above a Greek architectural square where are gathered a large group of people, buildings, inventions and discoveries significant to the history of Western science, art and philosophy. "Engraved on steel by R. Page from a drawing by J. Fussell".For more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/39
Continuous metadata flows for distributed multimedia
No full textThe practical use of temporal multimedia has increased markedly in recent years as enabling technologies for the distribution and streaming of media have become available. As a part of this trend, hypermedia systems and models have adapted accordingly to incorporate such distributed multimedia for presentation. Structured interpretation of information has long been a fundamental feature of both open hypermedia systems and knowledge systems. Metadata, in its many forms, has become the cornerstone for providing this structured knowledge above and beyond basic data and information. This thesis presents the rationale and requirements for continuous metadata, which supports the metadata accompanying distributed multimedia throughout the lifecycle of streamed media, from generation, through distribution, to presentation. Throughout this process it is the temporal and continuous nature of the metadata which is paramount. A conceptual framework for continuous metadata is proposed to encapsulate these principles and ideas. Continuous metadata and the associated framework enable the development, in particular, of real-time, collaborative, semantically enriched distributed multimedia applications. Experience building one such system using continuous metadata is evaluated within the framework. An ontology is developed for the system to enable the collation, distribution, and presentation of structure aiding navigation of multimedia, and it is shown how continuous metadata utilising the ontology can be distributed using multicas
Social capital and creativity in R&D project teams
No full textThe existing research contributes to our understanding about the value of social capital in a wide range of social science disciplines; however, it does not well address the role of social capital in creativity for research and development (R&D) project teams in a given context. Using a sample of 54 R&D project teams in high-technology firms of Taiwan, we examined the impacts of social capital on creativity of R&D project teams from an intra-team perspective. Results of factor analysis revealed four factors extracted from the concept of social capital, namely social interaction, network ties, mutual trust, and shared goals. Findings suggested that social interaction and network ties had significant and positive impacts on creativity of R&D project teams, but mutual trust and shared goals did not. Managerial implications for managing social capital in R&D project teams are discussed
[Affidavit in Any Fact by D. R. Archer #3]
No full textAffidavit In Any Fact by D. R. Archer in handwriting, concerning the shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald
R&D work environments 2015
No full text8 S.Successful innovation projects are the result of a complex inter-play of many different actors and activities. A critical - but somewhat neglected - success factor for research and development (R&D) and innovation projects lies in creating the favourable spatial conditions in which employees carry out R&D activities. Research has shown that designing physical environments can encourage processes that play a vital role in product creation, such as knowledge-sharing, learning and collaboration. To shed more light on how R&D workspaces may look like in the near future, the authors have conducted 13 interviews with R&D and innovation managers of leading Swiss and German companies over the course of six months. The results have been transformed into six "R&D workspace scenarios"
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Introduction
No full textCollected by Merlyn B. Page Told by Merlyn B. Page and
and James R. Hayes James R. Hayes
Transcribed by Nathaniel Lucy Fayetteville, Arkansas
September 28, 1958
Reel 277
Introduction
Merlyn B. Page: This is Merlyn Brown Page
James R. Hayes: and Jimmy Hayes.
Page: We're at the house of Miss Oleavia Houser. The date is
September 28, 1958. The first song is
Oleavia Houser: "Black Jack Davy".Funding for digitization provided by the Arkansas Humanities Council and the Happy Hollow Foundation
Evaluating the effectiveness of state R&D tax credits
Get PDFThis paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of state R&D tax credit programs in the context of R&D-relevant policies and regional economic development policies. Although there were extensive theoretical recommendations for promoting private R&D, and state R&D tax credit programs have been one of the most popular regional economic development programs, only few evaluations of state R&D tax credit programs have been conducted. Inspired by this lack of previous study, this study provided an empirical finding for the effectiveness of these programs by applying a quasi-experimental approach, which means conducting experiments without randomness, for comparing states with tax credits and states with no credits.For dealing with the embedded non-randomness, plausible other explanations that weaken the causal relationship between the programs and the effects were examined and ruled out as much as possible. Rival hypotheses were selected using different tax and government policies, overall business and R&D-specific environments, and firm characteristics. They were eliminated by constructing valid control groups, using the difference-in-differences and matching methods, selecting covariates and matching variables as observable variables, and absorbing year-specific fixed effects and cross-sectional-fixed effects as unobservable variables. The decision was made based on multiple estimates and multiple datasets. The research analyzed two sets of industries: the all industry group and high-technology industy. The major findings are : 1) state R&D tax credits positively affect the increase in R&D spending and increase in employment; 2) positive effects on R&D spending are widespread across the all industry group while positive effects on employment are limited to high-technology industry overall; 3) positive effects on R&D spending are also spread out to different sized firms in both the all industry group and high-technology industry; and 4) positive effects on employment are found mainly in large firms in both the all industry group and high-technology industry.The above findings support the utilization of state R&D tax credits. As an indirect intervention, state R&D tax credit programs can increase productivity and encourage innovation by generating additional private R&D activities. State R&D tax credit programs can also make a positive contribution to regional economic growth through the growth of R&D-relevant and high-technology industries
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