48 research outputs found
Introduksi Gen DefH9-iaaM dan DefH9-RI-iaaM ke dalam Genom Tanaman Tomat Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens
No full text<p>Introduction of DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM Gene<br />Into Tomato Genome Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.<br />Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih. Plant genetic improvement<br />can be conducted through genetic engineering.<br />Parthenocarpic fruit production could increase fruit<br />production and its qulities. IAA genes were introduced into<br />three tomato cultivars Ratna, Opal and LV 6117 using two<br />constract genes DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM. The iaaM<br />gene is able to increase auxin biosynthesis in transgenic<br />plant cells and organs because indol-eacetamide,<br />synthesized by the product of the iaaM gene, is converted<br />either chemically or enzimatically to indole-3-acetic acid<br />(IAA), while the promotor DefH9 enable IAA gene expressed<br />specifically in the ovules. The objectives of this experiment<br />was to identify gene introduction into plant genom of three<br />tomato cultivars. The factors tested were two constract of<br />IAA genes (DefH9-iaaM or DefH9-RI-iaaM), tomato cultivars<br />(Ratna, Opal, and LV 6117) and time of explant inoculation<br />(5, 15, 30 minute). The result showed that the best time<br />inoculation was 5 minute. Otherwise three tomato cultivars<br />response better to DefH9-RI-iaaM than DefH9-iaaM. The total<br />efficiency of regeneration and total efficiency of<br />transformation of both genes were 25.38% and 20.32%. PCR<br />analysis showed that 10 plant have positive PCR, were 1<br />plant carried (Opal) DefH9-iaaM gene and 9 plant (Ratna,<br />Opal, LV 6117) carried DefH9-RI-iaaM gene.</p></jats:p
Introduksi Gen DefH9-iaaM Dan DefH9-RI-iaaM Ke Dalam Genom Tanaman Tomat Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium Tumefaciens
Get PDFIntroduction of DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM GeneInto Tomato Genome Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih. Plant genetic improvementcan be conducted through genetic engineering.Parthenocarpic fruit production could increase fruitproduction and its qulities. IAA genes were introduced intothree tomato cultivars Ratna, Opal and LV 6117 using twoconstract genes DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM. The iaaMgene is able to increase auxin biosynthesis in transgenicplant cells and organs because indol-eacetamide,synthesized by the product of the iaaM gene, is convertedeither chemically or enzimatically to indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), while the promotor DefH9 enable IAA gene expressedspecifically in the ovules. The objectives of this experimentwas to identify gene introduction into plant genom of threetomato cultivars. The factors tested were two constract ofIAA genes (DefH9-iaaM or DefH9-RI-iaaM), tomato cultivars(Ratna, Opal, and LV 6117) and time of explant inoculation(5, 15, 30 minute). The result showed that the best timeinoculation was 5 minute. Otherwise three tomato cultivarsresponse better to DefH9-RI-iaaM than DefH9-iaaM. The totalefficiency of regeneration and total efficiency oftransformation of both genes were 25.38% and 20.32%. PCRanalysis showed that 10 plant have positive PCR, were 1plant carried (Opal) DefH9-iaaM gene and 9 plant (Ratna,Opal, LV 6117) carried DefH9-RI-iaaM gene
Molecular detection of putative mutant clones of rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) cv. Pekalongan using RAPD markers
No full textThe aim of this study was to derive superior mutant clones of rodent tuber, which has been mutated by gamma ray irradiation. Thirty clones were successfully produced from in vitro putative shoots by using 20 Gy of gamma irradiation. Morphological selection was obtained from 30 clones and 14 genotypes were detected using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The detection of genetic changes was using 14 primers. There were 7 primers (OPB-18, OPC-05, OPD-20, OPA-02 and OPA-09) had produced the highest number of polymorphic bands. Significant variations were observed in the genetic changes between the control and M14 clone in the size range 100-1650 bp. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the 14 mutant genotypes splits into 2 clusters at a coefficient of 0.67. 3 mutant genotypes with genetic distances closest to the control were genotype M12, M15, and M16 with genetic similarity coefficient values of 0.77 (23% of genetic differences), while genotypes with the farthest genetic distances from the control were genotype of the M14 with genetic similarity coefficient values of 0.63 (37% of genetic differences)
Evaluasi keragaman galur mutan artemisia hasil iradiasi gamma
No full textEVALUASI KERAGAMAN GALUR MUTAN ARTEMISIA HASIL IRADIASI
GAMMA. Serangan penyakit malaria di Indonesia terus meningkat. Di lain pihak, penyebab
penyakit ini yaitu Plasmodium falciparum telah resisten terhadap obat malaria yang selama ini
digunakan. Artemisinin, dari tanaman artemisia telah diteliti dapat mengendalikan malaria.
Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah kandungan artemisinin dari Artemisia annua yang ditanam
di Indonesia masih sangat rendah, yaitu berkisar 0.1 ? 0.5 %. Peningkatan keragaman genetik
artemisia dengan menggunakan iradiasi sinar gamma merupakan metode alternative untuk
mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan induksi mutasi pada
biji artemisia dengan dosis 10-100 Gy. Planlet hasil iradiasi yang mempunyai perakaran yang
baik, diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca dan galur mutan yang didapatkan ditanam di Kebun
Percobaan Gunung Putri, Balittro dengan ketinggian 1545 m dpl. Sebagai pembanding
digunakan tanaman yang berasal dari biji (kontrol biji) dan tanaman dari kultur in vitro yang
tidak diradiasi (kontrol in vitro). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur mutan
memperlihatkan keragaman morfologi, antara lain tinggi tanaman, bentuk daun, umur
berbunga. Galur mutan umumnya berbunga lebih lambat dibandingkan tanaman kontrol.
Sepuluh galur mutan telah terseleksi berdasarkan bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman yang
kemudian di analisis kandungan artemisininnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan
artemisinin dari galur mutan bervariasi antara 0.44 ? 1.41%, sedangkan kandungan
artemisinin dari tanaman kontrol in vitro adalah 0.43%
Pengaruh iradiasi gamma dan ethyl methan sulfonate terhadap pembentukan embriosomatik kedelai (Glycine max L.)
No full textPengaruh Iradiasi Gamma dan Ethyl Methan Sulfonate Terhadap
Pembentukan Embriosomatik Kedelai (Glycine max L.). Kedelai merupakan salah satu
sumber protein dan lemak nabati yang penting. Perubahan iklim global berpengaruh terhadap
produktivitas kedelai, sehingga diperlukan kultivar-kultivar baru yang mempunyai sifat
unggul tertentu agar produktivitas kedelai dapat ditingkatkan. Teknik in vitro dengan mutasi
dan keragaman somaklonal merupakan meoda alternatif untuk memperoleh varietas baru
apabila material genetik sebagai bahan seleksi tidak tersedia. Induksi mutasi dapat dilakukan
pada populasi sel embriogenik dengan menggunakan iradiasi sinar gamma atau senyawa
kimia, antara lain Ethyl Methan Sulfonate (EMS). Kedua metoda tersebut telah banyak
digunakan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman dan telah dihasilkan galur-galur
baru dengan sifat unggul. Salah satu masalah penting yang harus dikuasai dalam penerapan
teknologi tersebut adalah meregenerasikan sel somatik hasil mutasi dan keragaman
somaklonal agar dapat ditumbuhkan menjadi planlet (tunas in vitro). Beberapa faktor yang
mempengaruhi regenerasi tanaman adalah jenis bahan tanaman, genotipe, komposisi media,
dll. Perlakuan keragaman somaklonal dan mutasi yang diberikan dapat menyebabkan
kerusakan pada sel sehingga diperlukan modifikasi pada metoda regenerasi yang sudah
diketahui agar populasi sel yang hidup setelah perlakuan mutasi dapat tumbuh menjadi tunastunas
mutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan planlet mutan hasil perlakuan
mutasi dengan iradiasi gamma dan EMS. Varietas kedelai yang digunakan adalah Wilis,
Burangrang, Baluran dan aksesi No. B 3592. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embriozigotik
muda berasal dari polong yang berumur 12-20 hari setelah penyerbukan. Induksi kalus
embriogenik dilakukan dengan menggunakan media MS + vitamin Gamborg (B5) dengan
penambahan 2,4-D 20 mg/l dan sukrosa 3%. Kalus yang didapatkan diberi perlakuan mutasi
menggunakan sinar gamma pada dosis 400 rad atau direndam dalam larutan EMS (0.1 %, 0.3
%, dan 0.5 %) selama 1, 2 dan 3 jam. Selanjutnya kalus dipindahkan pada media untuk
menginduksi pembentukan benih somatik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
pembentukan kalus dipengaruhi oleh genotipe tanaman. Pembentukan kalus tertinggi
dihasilkan dari Baluran (93.40%) dan terendah Burangrang (75.90%). Perlakuan iradiasi
gamma menurunkan pembentukan struktur torpedo, dimana struktur torpedo tertinggi
diperoleh dari Burangrang (25.4-26.3/eksplan). Aksesi B 3592 mempunyai kemampuan
membentuk struktur torpedo paling tinggi pada semua perlakuan EMS yang digunakan.
Perendaman kalus dalam larutan EMS 0.5% selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam menurunkan
regenerasinya membentuk struktur torpedo pada semua genotipe. Perlakuan EMS
menyebabkan kerusakan sel yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan iradiasi sinar gamma,
ditunjukkan dengan persentase pembentukan struktur torpedo setelah perlakuan EMS (0-
15/eksplan) lebih kecil dibanding dengan iradiasi sinar gamma (10.3-26.3/eksplan)
Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Embrio Somatik Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) pada Berbagai Komposisi Media
No full textDurian is a valuable tropical fruit. Durian agribusiness in Indonesia is still lags behind neighboring countries such as Thailand and Malaysia, whereas genetic, land and climatic resources for durian in Indonesia are better than those of other countries. Durian tissue culture can be applied for durian genetic improvement and mass propagation of elite varieties which finally can promote durian agribusiness in Indonesia. However, researches on durian tissue culture are still very limited. The objective of this study is to obtain the suitable type of explants, media, and plant growth regulator in embrogenic callus and somatic embryo induction of durian. The study was conducted in 2 successive trials. The first experiment was callus induction and the second trial was somatic embryogenesis induction of callus obtained from the first experiment. There were 4 type of explants used on callus induction experiment, namely flower receptacle, petal, endosperm and immature zygotic embryo of durian. Callus induction from flower receptacle and petal explants were arranged as a factorial two factors experiment. The first factor was durian genotype, namely Dramaga, Matahari and Simas, and the seond factor was 14 media composition which were composed of two types of basal media (MS and B5) and 7 level of plant growth regulator (PGR ), i.e., without PGR, 2, 4, 6 ppm of NAA and 2, 4, 6 ppm of picloram. Callus induction with endosperm and immature zygotic embryo explants using 1 genotype, viz. Otong. Experiments on endosperm explant was arranged as a factorial two factors experiment, that is benziladenin (BA) treatment (0 and 1 ppm) and thidiazuron (TDZ) treatment (0.0, 0:01, 0:05, 0.5 ppm) in the MS basal medium + B5 media vitamin with 100 ppm glutamine, 100 ppm asparagine, 500 ppm casein hydrolysate, and 0.5 ppm picloram. The treatments on callus induction from immature zygotic embryo explant were 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of picloram on MS basal medium. The second experiment was the induction of somatic embryogenesis of petal explants derived calluses by treatment with 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm BA on MS basal medium with B5 vitamin, 100 ppm glutamine, 100 ppm asparagine, 500 ppm casein hydrolysate, and 0.5 ppm picloram. The best medium composition on callus induction from flower receptacle explant was B5 basal medium with addition 2 ppm of NAA. The best one for petal explant was B5 basal medium with addition 2 ppm of picloram. Based on the result of percentage of explant producing calluses and callus emergence rate on petal and flower receptacle explants, it was indicated that Matahari variety was more responsive than Dramaga accession and Simas variety. The type of calluses derived from flower receptacle explant at the beginning of its emergence was watery friable callus (type 3 callus) which the cells were easily separated from one another. In one to two weeks after the callus emergence, this type of callus turned into a whitish to yellowish compact callus (type 1 callus) or pure white compact callus (type 2 callus). All three type of calluses, from morphological and histological observations, were supposed to be non-embryogenic ones. The type of calluses that grew from petal explants since the beginning of their emergence were of type 1 and type 2 calluses. All calluses produced from endosperm explant were of type 1 callus. Globular stage somatic embryos have been obtained from 6 mm immature zygotic embryo explant cultured on MS basal medium + 15 ppm picloram at 18 days after culture. All calluses originated from immature zygotic embryo explants other than that medium composition were type 2 calluses. The treatment of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm of BA on MS basal medium with B5 vitamin, 100 ppm glutamine, 100 ppm asparagine, 500 ppm casein hydrolysate, and 0.5 ppm picloram did not give significant effect on all variables observed on second trial. The type 1 callus derived from petal explant of Simas genotype that were cultured on those media did not form somatic embryo or embryogenic callus
Induksi Kalus dan Optimasi Regenerasi Empat Varietas Padi melalui Kultur In Vitro
No full text<p class="p1">A study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, to obtain an optimum medium formulation for calli regenerations of for rice varities (Ciherang, Cisadane, IR64, and T-309). The research activities were done in five steps, i.e., callus induction, callus regeneration, shoot multiplication, root formation, and plant acclimatization. The type of explants used in the study was embriozygotic explants. Five media formulations were used for the callus induction, while four media formulations were used for the callus regeneration. The results showed that the best medium formulation for induction of callus formation was MS + 2,4-D 2 mg/l + casein hidrolisat 3 mg/l, while the best medium formulation for callus regeneration was MS + BA 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0,1 mg/l.</p></jats:p
Pengujian Nomor-nomor Harapan Padi Tahan Al dan pH Rendah Hasil Seleksi In Vitro dengan Kultur Hara
No full text<p>Rice productivity in acid soil is very low because of low pH,<br />low availability of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mo, toxicity of Al and Mn.<br />Development of Al tolerant varieties could increase rice<br />productivity in acid soil. Somaclonal variation and in vitro<br />selection method can be used to develop new Al tolerance<br />varieties. A rapid screening method is needed to select a<br />large number of new genotypes or new inbred lines in plant<br />breeding, such as solution culture methods to evalu-ate Altolerant<br />rice. This methods was used to know the response<br />to Al in the seedling stage, root development, and pH<br />changing. In this experiment solution culture method was<br />used to evaluate the new genotypes derived from somaclonal<br />variation and in vitro selection methods. These new<br />genotypes have been tested the tolerance characteristic by<br />using AlCl36H2O at 6 concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400,<br />and 500 ppm). Yoshida solution with two Al concentration<br />were used to tested these genotypes. Measurement of Al<br />tolerance was based on root development by using Relative<br />Root Length (RRL), the relativity of root length at 45 ppm and<br />0 ppm. Almost all of the genotypes have RRLs higher than<br />0.7, which means that there was a positive correlation<br />between the in vitro method and solution culture method. In<br />this experiment pH changes were not applicable to measure<br />the tolerance of the rice genotypes to Al and low pH.</p></jats:p
ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN INDONESIAN RODENT TUBER MUTANT CLONES OF PEKALONGAN ACCESSION USING GC-MS
No full textRodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is one of the considerable potential Indonesian medicinal plants. There are many origins of rodent tuber plants in Indonesia such as Pekalongan. Increasing genetic diversity of rodent tuber’s Pekalongan accession had been done by using gamma irradiation. Its produced 23 clones of the 7th generation of mutant plants. The focus of this study was on the analysis of biomass and bioactive compounds from those clones using GC-MS. The aim of this study was to determine new bioactive compounds which affect as anticancer in the 7th mutant generation of rodent tuber plant Pekalongan accession. The result showed that 8 mutant clones of rodent tuber had higher biomass than the control. 10 bioactive compounds were detected in the leaves from 7 mutant clones (20-1-1-2-2-3, 20-1-2-2-1-3, 20-1-2-1-2-2, 20-1-2-4-5, 20-1-1-1-3, 20-4-2-1-1-1, 20-1-2-1-2-6) and 7 bioactive compounds in the tubers from 9 mutant clones (20-1-1-2-2-3, 20-1-2-2-1-3, 20-1-2-1-2-2, 20-1-2-4-5, 20-1-1-1-3, 20-4-2-1-1-1, 20-1-2-1-2-6, 20-1-2-2-4-3, 20-1-2-2-3). The bioactive compounds in the mutant clones was 4 times greater than the control. Phytol isomer and eicosane were found as new bioactive compounds in the leaves. 5 new bioactive compounds were found in the tubers for example Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, octadecadienoic acid, squalene, beta, eicosane and octacosane. Gamma irradiation is an effective technique to increase the huge numbers of bioactive compounds which can be applied as anticancer, antitumor and antimicobial herbal medicine.</jats:p
Agronomic Characterization of Wheat Mutants (Triticum aestivum) of M3 Generation Planted in Sukabumi
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the selection criteria to obtain a superior mutant derived from the wheat plants of such varieties as Dewata, Selayar and Alibey, adaptive in medium land. The analysis of agronomic growth characters showed a significantly effect on a growth percentage of the initial growth (8 mutants), flowering time (1 mutant), panicle stem length (15 mutants), number of panicles (7 mutants), the number of grains per panicle (8 mutants), grain weight observed (8 mutants), grain weight per genotype (6 mutants), leaf area (2 mutants) and leaf greenness (5 mutants). The effects on the characters of ripe time, harvest, panicle length and plant height were not significant. The mutants of Dewata, Selayar and Alibey could be selected based on the characters of panicle stem length, number of grains per panicle and grain weight per observation because these characters generated more mutants than the other characters. The correlation analysis between the characters of growth and yield components of wheat mutants showed that the number of grains per panicle was positively correlated with the grain weight observed, while the length of panicle stem was positively correlated with grain weight per genotype, number of panicles and leaf area. Hopefully some mutants produced could adapt to the tropical medium land, thus adding to the diversity of wheat germplasm in Indonesia, thereby reducing the import of wheat to Indonesia.How to CiteSari, L., Purwito, A., Sopandie, D., Purnamaningsih, R. & Sudarmonowati, E. (2016). Agronomic Characterization of Wheat Mutants (Triticum aestivum) of M3 Generation Planted in Sukabumi. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(3), 353-361. </p
