530 research outputs found
Musikhistoriska museets första decennier
No full text”Ur bruket komna instrument” blev i slutet av 1800-talet av intresse för privata samlare, publika museer, musikforskare och musiker. De som intresserade sig för historiska instrument var, då liksom nu, ofta eldsjälar med olika ingångar och motiv till att bevara och använda instrumenten. I en doktorsavhandling i musikvetenskap har Madeleine Modin undersökt vilka föreställningar, kunskaper och faktiska musikinstrument som pionjärerna hade under bildandet och framväxten av Musikhistoriska museet i Stockholm, med ett särskilt intresse för de historiska konserter som museet arrangerade.</p
An efficient geometric method for incompressible hydrodynamics on the sphere
No full textWe present an efficient and highly scalable geometric method for
two-dimensional ideal fluid dynamics on the sphere. The starting point is
Zeitlin's finite-dimensional model of hydrodynamics. The efficiency stems from
exploiting a tridiagonal splitting of the discrete spherical Laplacian combined
with highly optimized, scalable numerical algorithms. For time-stepping, we
adopt a recently developed isospectral integrator able to preserve the
geometric structure of Euler's equations, in particular conservation of the
Casimir functions. To overcome previous computational bottlenecks, we formulate
the matrix Lie algebra basis through a sequence of tridiagonal eigenvalue
problems, efficiently solved by well-established linear algebra libraries. The
same tridiagonal splitting allows for computation of the stream matrix,
involving the inverse Laplacian, for which we design an efficient parallel
implementation on distributed memory systems. The resulting overall
computational complexity is per time-step for spatial
degrees of freedom. The dominating computational cost is matrix-matrix
multiplication, carried out via the parallel library ScaLAPACK. Scaling tests
show approximately linear scaling up to around cores for the matrix size
with a computational time per time-step of about seconds. These
results allow for long-time simulations and the gathering of statistical
quantities while simultaneously conserving the Casimir functions. We illustrate
the developed algorithm for Euler's equations at the resolution
Kvinnans sociala status i norrön mytologi : Alternativa tolkningar
No full textIn this paper the author has read and compared The Poetical Edda, and Margaret Clunies-Ross' book, Prolonged echoes: Old norse myth in medieval northern society(1998). The aim of this paper is to offer alternative interpretations to the ones Clunies-Ross has made by drawing on The Poetical Edda and other sources. Margaret Clunies-Ross' interpretations left much unaccounted for by giving one-sided analyses of love, marriage, status and family relations. She simply focused on the female as the one who gets undermined in all of these categories. Modin finds that this is a very narrow perspective of the gender dynamics in Norse mythology, especially after reading The Poetical Edda. She is not alone in her opinion. There is much evidence that contradicts Clunies-Ross' theories which the author of this paper aims to clarify by offering new perspectives on these texts. She also gives the reader examples of parts in Norse mythology that are not only interpreted differently from Clunies-Ross, but also several other authors, such as Catharina Ingelman-Sundberg, Peter Andreas Munch, John Lindow et cetera
Periodontitis in young individuals - follow up of treatment and disease progression
No full textBackground and aims: Periodontitis in young individuals, though rare, is often characterized by early onset, rapid progression, and aggressive clinical presentation. Despite the substantial disease burden, long-term data on treatment outcomes, risk factors for disease progression, and tooth loss in this population are limited. This thesis aims to evaluate treatment compliance, long- term disease progression, predictors of tooth loss, and the diagnostic potential of salivary and crevicular cytokines in young patients with periodontitis, followed over at least 10 years. The findings are based on a series of four studies that provide complementary perspectives on both clinical and molecular determinants of periodontal outcomes.Material and methods: Study I is a retrospective case-control study of 234 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared to controls with chronic periodontitis (ChP), investigating treatment interruption rates and associated factors. Study II is a retrospective cohort study involving 215 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis before age 36 and re-examined after at least 10 years. Clinical, radiographic, and questionnaire-based data were collected to assess longitudinal marginal bone loss (MBL) and its relationship to behavioural and clinical parameters. In Study III we used national dental and demographic registers to evaluate tooth loss in a cohort of 471 young periodontitis patients and applied analysis to identify risk factors including socioeconomic status and treatment adherence. Study IV explored cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and stimulated saliva in the same cohort as in study II, analysing 18 inflammatory cytokines and their correlation with periodontal grade according to the 2018 periodontal classification.Results: In Study I we found that patients with AgP were significantly more likely to discontinue periodontal treatment than controls (46% vs. 34%, p10 teeth.Generalized periodontitis, stage IV periodontitis, low education, smoking, and interruption of active periodontal treatment (APT) were significantly correlated with tooth loss. Furthermore, periodontal stage IV, low income and education were associated with treatment dropout. In Study IV, salivary levels of IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-18 were significantly elevated in patients with grade C periodontitis, while GCF samples from the same group showed significantly elevated IL-1ß but decreased levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, IP-10, and MIG. Among the cytokines analysed, IL-18 in saliva and IL-4, IL-15, and MIG in GCF demonstrated the highest diagnostic potential in differentiating grade C from grade A, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.84 to 0.86.Conclusions: This thesis provides evidence that while long-term periodontal stability is achievable in many young patients, specific risk factors, including poor treatment adherence, smoking, and lower socioeconomic status, are strongly associated with progression and tooth loss. A severe periodontal disease (stage (IV) may also be a predictive variable in this age group for tooth loss and interruption of periodontal treatment. In addition, cytokine profiling shows promising potential for early identification of individuals at risk of high disease progression. These findings support the need for individualized, prevention- oriented care strategies that integrate clinical, behavioural, and molecular assessments to optimize periodontal outcomes in young populations.List of scientific papersI. Treatment compliance in patients with aggressive periodontitis - a retrospective case-control study. Modin C, Abadji D, Adler L, Jansson L. Acta Odontologica Scandinavia 2017, 75:2, 94-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2016.1259497II. Periodontitis in young individuals: Important factors for disease progression. Modin C, Dolk-Rinon C, Faham A, Gustafsson A, Yucel- Lindberg T, Jansson L. Journal of clinical Periodontology 2024 Jan;51(1):74-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13884III. Factors influencing tooth loss over 9 - 11 years in young individuals with periodontitis. Modin C, Cederlund A, Gustafsson A, Yucel- Lindberg T, Jansson L. Journal of Periodontology 2025, Aug 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.24-0687 IV. Cytokine profile in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in relation to periodontal grade. Modin C, Dolk-Rinon C, Faham A, Eskander F, Jansson L, Gustafsson A, Yucel-Lindberg T. [Manuscript]</p
Vems är det reproduktiva ansvaret? En spegling av genus betydelse vid biståndsbedömning av försörjningsstöd
No full textAbstract Author: Sanne Modin, Matilda Berggren Title: Who has the reproductive responsibility? – A reflection of gender roles in work with financial assistance [translated title] Supervisor: Yvonne Johansson Assessor: With this study our intent were to examine the Swedish social services workers view on financial assistance to contraceptive use. We wanted to look at this subject from a gender perspective. To our help we interviewed seven social workers whom work with financial assistance. These interview persons works in two different municipalities with a various number of inhabitants. To our study we used the qualitative method and semi-structured interviews. The questions were divided into different themes where sexuality, contraceptives and gender were the main issues. With help from gender theories we then analyzed the responses from the social workers and also using relevant research regarding sexual and contraceptive health. Our conclusion is that gender is an influencing factor in the daily work with financial assistance. In questions regarding parental leave and contraceptive use the gender order is still dominant. A reason for this could be the work load for the social workers and also the fact that none of our interview persons had been educated in matters regarding equality between women and men. This study’s result should be considered a guideline rather than a veracity since it is a small study with a minor group of interview persons
Multiple sclerosis linkage analysis and DNA variation in a complex trait
No full textMultiple sclerosis is a life-long disease affecting approximately 11.000 individuals in Sweden today. It is the second most common cause of neurological disability amongst young adults, only outnumbered by traffic accidents. Genetic epidemiological studies indicate that genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility of MS. So far the only convincing findings of genetic contribution, however, is the HLA association. The small effects that each genetic factor is likely to contribute is thought to be rather small and thus difficult to map.In this thesis we have investigated chromosomal areas and candidate genes that influence susceptibility and severity to MS in different types of materials and with different approaches.In study I the aim was to investigate the three NOS genes NOS 1, NOS 2A and NOS 3 with regard to susceptibility and severity to MS in a case control dataset consisting of 92 severe cases and 92 mild cases and 148 controls. The aim was also to investigate the chromosomal regions of NOS 2A and NOS 3 in regard to linkage to a disease susceptibility locus for MS in a sib-pair dataset. NO is an important mediator in the immune system, it is synthesized by the three NOS genes and there are several studies indicating a role for NO in MS. We did not find any evidence for association either to susceptibility or severity of the NOS genes to MS. We did not detect any linkage to this region either.In study II we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis on a consanguineous kinship displaying a possible monogenic inheritance pattern. The result from the screen gave one peak on the long arm of chromosome 9 between markers D9S175 and D9S261. The highest LOD score revealed a suggestive LOD score of 2.29 (P value 0.0009) close to marker D9S1790. This area was fine mapped with 40 additional microsatellite markers. Reconstruction of haplotypes showed that four out of five affected family members were identically homozygous for a haplotype spanning approximately 43 cM. The fifth affected family member and all unaffected subjects were heterozygous for this haplotype.In study III we performed a genome-wide TDT analysis on an MS dataset collected in a geographically isolated area consisting of 54 patients and 114 healthy family members. Eight of these families originated from Lysvik, a small village with less than 1800 inhabitants. Investigation of Swedish church records showed that six of these families originated from a common ancestor born in Savolaks in Finland in the 16th centrury. Five regions were found to be in transmission disequilibrium: 2q21-33, 6p25-23, 6q25-27, 14q24-31 and 17q22. The most interesting region was 14q24-31, where several di-marker haplotypes were in transmission disequilibrium and one marker also positive in the single marker TDT.In study IV we investigated the gene encoding C5a located in the area of interest from study II. The anaphylatoxin C5a is a potent inflammatory mediator of the complement system, a key component of the innate immune system. Two different materials were analysed: first two members from the consanguineous kinship were selected for sequencing of C5a, one affected and one healthy family member; and then 5 SNP were investigated in a case control dataset consisting of 558 cases and 558 controls. We did not find any deviation in the sequence between the affected family member, the unaffected family member and the reference sequence, nor did we find evidence that DNA variation in C5a has a genetic effect on MS in the case-control material.List of scientific papersI. Modin H, Dai Y, Masterman T, Svejgaard A, Sorensen PS, Oturai A, Ryder LP, Spurkland A, Vartdal F, Laaksonen M, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Myhr KM, Nyland H, Hillert J (2001). No linkage or association of the nitric oxide synthase genes to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 119(1): 95-100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11525805II. Modin H, Masterman T, Thorlacius T, Stefansson M, Jonasdottir A, Stefansson K, Hillert J, Gulcher J (2003). Genome-wide linkage screen of a consanguineous multiple sclerosis kinship. Mult Scler. 9(2): 128-34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708807III. Giedraitis V, Modin H, Callander M, Landtblom AM, Fossdal R, Stefansson K, Hillert J, Gulcher J (2003). Genome-wide TDT analysis in a localized population with a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis indicates the importance of a region on chromosome 14q. Genes Immun. 4(8): 559-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14647195IV. Modin H, Roos I, Duvefelt K, Lindgren CM, Zucchelli M, Kere J, Hillert J (2003). Investigation of C5a in multiple sclerosis - two different strategies on the DNA level. [Manuscript]</p
The medical treatment of patients with home care by district nurses from the family physician’s perspective
No full textBackground and aim: The aim of this thesis has been to shed light on home care patients, their problems and comprehensive care, and the family physicians experiences of providing medical treatment for home care patients.Material and methods: One quantitative study (resulting in two articles) from a suburban city area in 1996 concerning one third of the patients receiving home care by district nurses (DNs) (n=116). Information on the patients, their problems and comprehensive care was collected from several sources. One qualitative study used grounded theory methodology (GTM) (resulting in two articles). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 Swedish FPs concerning one of their patients with home care by a DN, and the treatment of this patient.Results: A typical patient with home care by DNs was an older single woman with multiple diseases and functional problems. Many care providers were involved in her comprehensive care including both home help staff and hospitals. Several different physicians were often involved. The patients usually visited the FP at the health centre (HC) on average twice a year, but not all patients visited their FP in a year. Many FPs measures were undertaken without a visit. The patients problems influenced the FP s ability to remain in charge of the medical treatment. Patients with reduced functional ability and patients who wanted to manage on their own did not provide information and many could not handle their own treatment. FPs had to rely on the DNs, who saw the patients on average once a week or every other week, for information and help with home care medical treatment. When patients had complex conditions or did not comply with recommendations it was hard to make adequate decisions on the goal of the medical treatment. FPs had to rely on close observation and follow-up by the DNs for information as a basis for constant evaluation of the goal. The DNs working conditions, attitudes and the type of disease the patient had determined whether or not the grounds for relying on the DNs were adequate. The FPs took either the role of a medical conductor, retaining the initiative in the medical treatment, or the role of a medical consultant, leaving the initiative to the DNs. One FP could take different roles in different situations. Which role the FP chose or was forced to take depended on their working conditions, attitude and the type of disease. Conditions for providing home care medical treatment are good enough when there are adequate grounds for relying on the DNs and problematic when there aren t, regardless of the role taken by the FP.Conclusion: Due to the problems of home care patients, FPs consultations with the patient cannot provide the usual foundation for medical decisions. They have to be able to rely on information and collaboration with the DNs in home care medical treatment, much like the collaboration in a hospital ward. As conductors, FPs detect when conditions are problematic and when no adequate grounds for relying on the DN exist. As consultants, however, they will not detect inadequate grounds as they will receive little or no information from the DNs. In order to stay in charge of the medical treatment as consultants, the FPs working conditions must allow them to know if adequate grounds for relying on the DNs exist. The FPs working conditions must also allow them to be conductors when necessary. The comprehensive care of home care patients includes many different care providers, just like a hospital ward, but without its geographical, organisational and temporal unity. Time and routines to support collaboration is needed and all care providers need to know when they are responsible.List of scientific papersI. Modin S, Furhoff AK (2002). "Care by general practitioners and district nurses of patients receiving home nursing: a study from suburban Stockholm." Scand J Prim Health Care 20(4): 208-12 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12564571II. Modin S, Furhoff AK (2004). "The medical care of patients with primary care home nursing is complex and influenced by non-medical factors: a comprehensive retrospective study from a suburban area in Sweden." BMC Health Serv Res 4(1): 22 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15333133III. Modin S, Törnkvist L, Furhoff AK, Hylander I (2009). "Family physicians effort to stay in charge of the medical treatment when patients have home care by district nurses. A grounded theory study." BMC Fam Pract 10: 45 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19545441IV. Modin S, Törnkvist L, Furhoff AK, Hylander I (2010). "Family physicians experiences when collaborating with district nurses in home-based medical treatment. A grounded theory study" (Manuscript)</p
Intellektuellt kapital under pandemi och krig : En kvantitativ studie på 90 Large Cap- och Small Cap-företag
No full textTitel: Intellektuellt kapital under pandemi och krig - En kvantitativ studie på 90 Large Cap- och Small Cap-företag Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Emma Modin och Emma Carpman Handledare: Veronika Larsson Datum: 2025 - juni Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera Large Cap- och Small Cap-företags frivilliga redovisning av intellektuellt kapital i samband med Covid-19-pandemin och Rysslands invasion av Ukraina. Metod: Vi har använt en kvantitativ metod i form av innehållsanalys i denna studie där ett index av sökord kopplade till intellektuellt kapital skapats. Därefter, med hjälp av binär kodning, har vi undersökt om orden förekommit i 90 börsnoterade svenska företags engelska årsredovisningar från 2018 och 2023. Med datan har vi genomfört t-test, ANOVA-test och regressionsanalys för att undersöka våra hypoteser och besvara studiens syfte. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att den frivilliga redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital i snitt har ökat i de 90 svenska företagen från 2018 till 2023. Dessutom visar resultaten att den kategori av intellektuellt kapital företagen redovisade mest efter kriserna var strukturellt kapital. Vidare visar studien att företag noterade på Large Cap redovisade mer intellektuellt kapital än företag noterade på Small Cap både 2018 och 2023. Arbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till tidigare forskning genom att undersöka den frivilliga redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital i samband med två kriser som inte har studerats tillsammans tidigare. Dessutom bidrar vårt arbete till forskningen kring signaleringsteorin då vi undersöker huruvida stora företag frivilligt redovisar mer intellektuellt kapital än mindre företag, i samband med de studerade kriserna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi föreslår att genomföra en studie lik vår efter att världsläget har stabiliserat sig, för att kunna säkerställa att den ökade redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital beror på de undersökta globala kriserna. Dessutom hade ett kvalitativt arbete eventuellt tydligare kunna hänföra ökningen av intellektuellt kapital till de studerade kriserna. Nyckelord: intellektuellt kapital, frivillig redovisning, covid-19-pandemin, krig, globala kriserTitle: Intellectual capital during pandemic and war - A quantitative study on 90 Large Cap- and Small Cap-companies Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Author: Emma Modin and Emma Carpman Supervisor: Veronika Larsson Date: 2025 - june Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze Large Cap- and Small Cap-companies' voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in connection with the COVID-19-pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Method: We have implemented a quantitative method in the form of a content analysis where an index of keywords related to intellectual capital has been created. We have then used binary coding to examine whether the keywords have appeared in 90 Swedish listed companies' English annual reports from 2018 and 2023. Using the data we have conducted t-tests, ANOVA-tests and regression analysis to examine our hypotheses and answer the aim. Results and conclusions: This study shows that the voluntary disclosure level of intellectual capital on average has increased in the 90 Swedish companies from 2018 to 2023. The study also shows that the category of intellectual capital that companies reported the most after the crises was structural capital. Furthermore, the study shows that companies listed on Large Cap reported more intellectual capital than companies listed on Small Cap in both 2018 and 2023. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to previous research by examining the voluntary accounting of intellectual capital in connection with two crises that have not been studied together before. Additionally, our work contributes to the research on signaling theory by examining whether large companies voluntarily report more intellectual capital than smaller companies in connection with the studied crises. Suggestions for future research: We propose to conduct a study similar to ours once the global situation has stabilized, to ensure that the increased reporting of intellectual capital is a result of the global crises examined. In addition, qualitative work could possibly more clearly attribute the increase in intellectual capital to the crises studied. Key words: intellectual capital, voluntary disclosure, COVID-19-pandemic, war, global crisi
Intellektuellt kapital under pandemi och krig : En kvantitativ studie på 90 Large Cap- och Small Cap-företag
No full textTitel: Intellektuellt kapital under pandemi och krig - En kvantitativ studie på 90 Large Cap- och Small Cap-företag Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Emma Modin och Emma Carpman Handledare: Veronika Larsson Datum: 2025 - juni Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera Large Cap- och Small Cap-företags frivilliga redovisning av intellektuellt kapital i samband med Covid-19-pandemin och Rysslands invasion av Ukraina. Metod: Vi har använt en kvantitativ metod i form av innehållsanalys i denna studie där ett index av sökord kopplade till intellektuellt kapital skapats. Därefter, med hjälp av binär kodning, har vi undersökt om orden förekommit i 90 börsnoterade svenska företags engelska årsredovisningar från 2018 och 2023. Med datan har vi genomfört t-test, ANOVA-test och regressionsanalys för att undersöka våra hypoteser och besvara studiens syfte. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att den frivilliga redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital i snitt har ökat i de 90 svenska företagen från 2018 till 2023. Dessutom visar resultaten att den kategori av intellektuellt kapital företagen redovisade mest efter kriserna var strukturellt kapital. Vidare visar studien att företag noterade på Large Cap redovisade mer intellektuellt kapital än företag noterade på Small Cap både 2018 och 2023. Arbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till tidigare forskning genom att undersöka den frivilliga redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital i samband med två kriser som inte har studerats tillsammans tidigare. Dessutom bidrar vårt arbete till forskningen kring signaleringsteorin då vi undersöker huruvida stora företag frivilligt redovisar mer intellektuellt kapital än mindre företag, i samband med de studerade kriserna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi föreslår att genomföra en studie lik vår efter att världsläget har stabiliserat sig, för att kunna säkerställa att den ökade redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital beror på de undersökta globala kriserna. Dessutom hade ett kvalitativt arbete eventuellt tydligare kunna hänföra ökningen av intellektuellt kapital till de studerade kriserna. Nyckelord: intellektuellt kapital, frivillig redovisning, covid-19-pandemin, krig, globala kriserTitle: Intellectual capital during pandemic and war - A quantitative study on 90 Large Cap- and Small Cap-companies Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Author: Emma Modin and Emma Carpman Supervisor: Veronika Larsson Date: 2025 - june Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze Large Cap- and Small Cap-companies' voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in connection with the COVID-19-pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Method: We have implemented a quantitative method in the form of a content analysis where an index of keywords related to intellectual capital has been created. We have then used binary coding to examine whether the keywords have appeared in 90 Swedish listed companies' English annual reports from 2018 and 2023. Using the data we have conducted t-tests, ANOVA-tests and regression analysis to examine our hypotheses and answer the aim. Results and conclusions: This study shows that the voluntary disclosure level of intellectual capital on average has increased in the 90 Swedish companies from 2018 to 2023. The study also shows that the category of intellectual capital that companies reported the most after the crises was structural capital. Furthermore, the study shows that companies listed on Large Cap reported more intellectual capital than companies listed on Small Cap in both 2018 and 2023. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to previous research by examining the voluntary accounting of intellectual capital in connection with two crises that have not been studied together before. Additionally, our work contributes to the research on signaling theory by examining whether large companies voluntarily report more intellectual capital than smaller companies in connection with the studied crises. Suggestions for future research: We propose to conduct a study similar to ours once the global situation has stabilized, to ensure that the increased reporting of intellectual capital is a result of the global crises examined. In addition, qualitative work could possibly more clearly attribute the increase in intellectual capital to the crises studied. Key words: intellectual capital, voluntary disclosure, COVID-19-pandemic, war, global crisi
The effect of abaloparatide-SC on fracture risk is independent of baseline FRAX fracture probability: a post hoc analysis of the ACTIVE study
No full textDaily subcutaneous (SC) injections of the investigational drug abaloparatide-SC (80mcg) for 18 months significantly decrease the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fracture compared with placebo in postmenopausal women. We examined the efficacy of abaloparatide-SC as a function of baseline fracture risk, assessed using the FRAX tool. Baseline clinical risk factors (age, BMI, prior fracture, glucocorticoid use, rheumatoid arthritis, and smoking) were entered into country-specific FRAX models to calculate the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures, with or without femoral neck BMD. The interaction between probability of a major osteoporotic fracture and treatment efficacy was examined by a Poisson regression. 821 women randomized to placebo and 824 women to abaloparatide-SC, mean age 69 years in both groups, were followed for up to 2 years. At baseline, the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures (with BMD) ranged from 2.3-57.5% (mean 13.2%). Treatment with abaloparatide-SC was associated with a 69% (95%CI: 38, 85%) decrease in major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and a 43% (95%CI: 9, 64%) decrease in any clinical fracture compared to placebo. For all outcomes, hazard ratios tended to decrease (i.e., greater efficacy) with increasing fracture probability. Whereas the interaction approached significance for the outcome of any fracture (p=0.11), there was no statistically significant interaction for any of the fracture outcomes. Similar results were noted when FRAX probability was computed without BMD. Efficacy of abaloparatide-SC to decrease the risk of major osteoporotic fracture or any clinical fracture in postmenopausal women with low BMD and/or prior fracture appears independent of baseline fracture probability.<br/
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