361 research outputs found
Cyclocostis Paillès & Sylvestre & Tonetto & Mazur & Conrod 2020, gen. nov.
No full textGenus <i>Cyclocostis</i> Paillès gen. nov. Type species <p> <i>Cyclocostis rolfii</i> Paillès gen et sp. nov. (see below).</p> Diagnosis <p>A new morphotypic genus of Stephanodiscaceae. Cells solitary, circular in valve view. Marginal and central areas coarsely striated with branching striae merging in the middle of the valve into a central punctum. Central area strongly tangentially undulated, focus clear only on half the central area. Submarginal alveoli finely punctuated, transforming into radiating rows of large irregular areolae in the central area. Internally, alveoli delineated by thick elevated costae reaching the valve center to form a subcircular silica ring. Alveoli widely open with a median recessed costa bearing marginal fultoportulae. Central lamina absent. Single rimoportula within a ring of marginal fultoportulae reduced to a rounded tube tangentially orientated and born on a recessed costa. On the mantle, outer expressions of marginal fultoportulae and rimoportula consisting of simple rounded openings without projections. One single valve face fultoportula consisting of a central tube surrounded by three satellite pores that opens externally into a round opening on the raised part. Cingulum present consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae.</p> Etymology <p>The genus name refers to the circular morphology of the valve and marked radiating costae.</p>Published as part of <i>Paillès, Christine, Sylvestre, Florence, Tonetto, Alain, Mazur, Jean-Charles & Conrod, Sandrine, 2020, New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 726</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1169, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4298412">http://zenodo.org/record/4298412</a>
Psychometric evaluation of the five-factor Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire - Revised in undergraduates
No full textThe psychometric properties of the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire - Revised (Modified DMQ-R) [Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P. J. (2003). A five-dimensional measure of drinking motives. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia], based on a five-factor model of drinking motives with separate coping-anxiety and coping-depression factors, were evaluated in undergraduates. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses supported the correlated five-factor model in two samples of undergraduate drinkers (N=726 and N=603). Furthermore, the five-factor model fit the data better than a four-factor model conceptually equivalent to that of Cooper [Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117-128] (i.e., with coping-anxiety and coping-depression items constrained to a single factor). In Study 1, drinking motives were predictive of concurrent drinking frequency and typical number of alcoholic beverages per occasion, over and above demographics. In Study 2, the Modified DMQ-R scores showed good to excellent test-retest reliability in a sample of undergraduates who were relatively frequent drinkers (N= 169). Also, drinking motives prospectively predicted number of drinks consumed per week and alcohol-related problems, over and above demographics and initial alcohol use. Notably, coping-anxiety and coping-depression motives were distinctly related to alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserve
Supplementary_Material – Supplemental material for Evaluating the differential effectiveness of social influence and personality-targeted alcohol prevention on mental health outcomes among high-risk youth: A novel cluster randomised controlled factorial design trial
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Evaluating the differential effectiveness of social influence and personality-targeted alcohol prevention on mental health outcomes among high-risk youth: A novel cluster randomised controlled factorial design trial by Nicola C Newton, Lexine Stapinski, Maree Teesson, Tim Slade, Katrina E Champion, Emma L Barrett, Louise Birrell, Erin Kelly, Marius Mather and Patricia J Conrod in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</p
Europe needs a central, transparent, and evidence-based approval process for behavioural prevention interventions
No full textPrevention interventions tackling health-compromising behaviours have the potential to play a major role in reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases in Europe and other areas of the world. However, in Europe, no prior evaluation is required for the implementation of prevention interventions, thus leading to widespread dissemination of potentially ineffective or harmful interventions.
A central, transparent, evidence-based, context-aware, and research-oriented approval process for behavioural prevention interventions is likely to foster the implementation and dissemination of effective interventions in Europe.
Similarly to medicine approval systems, such a new approval process could be based on four consequential phases evaluating the effect of the following: single components (phase 1); combinations of components (phase 2); the final intervention—comprising only components found effective in the previous phases—via large, multicentre, randomized trials whenever possible (phase 3); and the long-term effects as well as the effects in different contexts (phase 4).
Once phase 3 shows convincing results, the intervention would be approved for delivery to its target population.
An approval process for behavioural prevention interventions is likely to lead to positive consequences both for practice, by strengthening the role and impact of prevention in times of limited economic resources, and for research, by promoting the robust evaluation of all promising prevention interventions
On high-speed turning of a third-generation gamma titanium aluminide
No full textGamma titanium aluminides are heat-resistant intermetallic alloys predestined to be employed in components suffering from high mechanical stresses and thermal loads. These materials are regarded as difficult to cut, so this makes process adaptation essential in order to obtain high-quality and defect-free surfaces suitable for aerospace and automotive parts. In this paper, an innovative approach for longitudinal external high-speed turning of a third-generation Ti-45Al-8Nb- 0.2C-0.2B gamma titanium aluminide is presented. The experimental campaign has been executed with different process parameters, tool geometries and lubrication conditions. The results are discussed in terms of surface roughness/integrity, chip morphology, cutting forces and tool wear. Experimental evidence showed that, due to the high cutting speed, the high temperatures reached in the shear zone improve chip formation, so a crack-free surface can be obtained. Furthermore, the use of a cryogenic lubrication system has been identified in order to reduce the huge tool wear, which represents the main drawback when machining gamma titanium aluminides under the chosen process condition
The importance of adaptive expertise in CAD learning: maintaining design intent
No full textIn CAD modelling, there is no one general standardised teaching-learning methodology. We use the strategic-learning methodology, maintaining design intent, fully aware that it is necessary to modify CAD models for their reuse. Questions concerning the thought processes of students when modelling with CAD and the strategies that they choose that best maintain design intent arise in the course of using the 3D modelling programmes. Our aim here is to determine the importance of adaptive expertise in the results of CAD models and, particularly, in one of its constructs: design intent. To do so, CAD-based experimentation took place over two years with 78 third-year students in the first year and with 53 third-year students in the second year from the subject module of Graphic Engineering, on the Degree in Mechanical Engineering of the University of Burgos (Spain). At the start of the year, the students conducted a survey to measure adaptive expertise. Subsequently, in the first year of experimentation, the students prepared various CAD models and the design intent was evaluated in one of them (a connecting rod or conrod), broken down into the skeleton, the structure, the modifications and the constraints. In the conrod exercise, the students also completed a questionnaire both before and after designing their models, which were analysed to detect the thought processes and the strategies that they had applied. In the second year of experimentation, design intent was incorporated in various exercises at the beginning of the year, in addition to the conrod. The main conclusion is that the correct division of the part into its pieces and adaptive expertise improved the results in relation to design intent in the CAD.
KEYWORDS: CAD learning, design intent (DI), adaptive expertise (AE), modification of CAD
Juan Gabriel Vásquez: une archéologie du passé colombien récent, de Karim Benmiloud (ed)
No full textReseña de: Benmiloud, Karim (ed.). Juan Gabriel Vásquez: une archéologie du passé colombien récent. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Mondes Hispanophones, 2017. 353 p
La prévention et la réduction des problèmes liés à la consommation de substances psychoactives par une intervention brève ciblée à la personnalité chez les adolescents présentant des problèmes de santé mentale
No full textContexte : Chez les adolescents, les troubles de santé mentale sont fréquemment associés à des troubles liés à l’usage de substances psychoactives. Ce double diagnostic complique le traitement et le pronostic des patients, en entraînant par ailleurs des coûts effarants pour la société. Selon la récente littérature ainsi que les priorités que les gouvernements fédéral et provincial de la santé se sont fixés, une approche intégrée des soins est celle à privilégier dans la prise en charge globale des troubles concomitants. Trois études randomisées contrôlées ont démontré qu’une intervention ciblée à certains profils de personnalité à haut risque de problèmes de consommation (Désespoir/Pensées négatives, Impulsivité, Sensibilité à l’anxiété, Recherche de sensations fortes), et prédisposant également à des troubles psychiatriques, réduit la consommation excessive d’alcool, la quantité et la fréquence de consommation ainsi que les problèmes liés à celle-ci. Dans ce mémoire, il a été postulé qu’une intervention brève ciblée à des facteurs de risque communs aux troubles concomitants, soit ces différents profils de personnalité, et visant la prévention et la réduction de la consommation et problèmes associés aurait aussi un effet bénéfique chez une population clinique psychiatrique d’adolescents.
Méthode : Pour tester cette hypothèse, deux études ont été conduites dans le cadre de ce mémoire. Dans la première, ce sont des données d’une cohorte déjà existante d’adolescents en milieu scolaire qui ont été analysées afin de déterminer si parmi ces adolescents, ceux à haut risque de problèmes de consommation et présentant des symptômes de problèmes psychiatriques pourraient bénéficier de cette intervention brève. La même intervention a ensuite été testée auprès d’un échantillon d’adolescents en milieu clinique; cette étude, qui constitue la deuxième partie de ce mémoire, s’est déroulée au sein d’un département psychiatrique en centre hospitalier.
Résultats : La première étude a permis de démontrer que les adolescents à haut risque de problèmes de consommation présentant des symptômes dépressifs et anxieux bénéficiaient tout autant de l’intervention. Ceux présentant des symptômes d’hyperactivité/impulsivité et problèmes de conduite en ont quant à eux bénéficié autant sinon davantage, les effets étant d’ailleurs plus prononcés pour certaines variables de consommation chez les adolescents présentant davantage de symptômes externalisés. Dans la seconde étude, aucun résultat significatif n’a pu être obtenu quant aux variables de consommations ou de problèmes de santé mentale. Les adolescents ayant reçu l’intervention ont davantage répondu au suivi à 6 mois comparativement à ceux n’ayant pas reçu l’intervention (p =0,003).
Conclusion : La première étude est prometteuse quant à l’applicabilité de l’intervention chez des jeunes présentant des symptômes de problèmes psychiatriques. En ce sens, l’absence de résultat significatif pour la seconde étude pourrait possiblement être en partie due à une attrition à 6 mois plus substantielle que celle attendue et donc aux limites statistiques encourues. Cependant, il est aussi possible que l’intervention telle qu’elle a été offerte n’était pas suffisamment approfondie ou n’adressait pas suffisamment d’enjeux propres à cette population clinique. Il a néanmoins pu être observé que l’évaluation et l’organisation des soins des patients n’incluaient pas d’emblée la prise en charge de leur consommation ou problèmes associés. La coordination entre clinique et recherche devrait être optimisée, autant pour supporter la mission que se sont donnée les gouvernements d’harmoniser ces deux dimensions, que pour suivre leurs recommandations quant à la nécessité de prioriser une intégrité des soins chez les patients souffrant de troubles concomitants.Background: In adolescents, mental health disorders frequently co-occurs with substance misuse, a dual diagnosis that tends to complicate the patient’s treatment and prognosis, resulting in astounding costs for society. Thus, it is critical to investigate how to prevent and reduce substance use problems in this population and optimize their global treatment. According to recent literature and to health provincial and federal governments’ priorities, an integrated services approach has been identified as the strategy to favour. In three randomised-controlled trials, brief personality-targeted interventions have shown to be effective in preventing adolescent onset and growth of drinking, binge-drinking and drinking problems. The personality profiles targeted (Hopelessness/Negative thinking, Impulsivity, Anxiety-Sensitivity, Sensation Seeking) play an important role in the onset and development of both substance misuse and psychiatric symptoms. In this thesis, we hypothesized that brief personality-targeted interventions aiming to prevent and reduce substance misuse in a high-risk population would also benefit a psychiatric clinical sample of adolescents.
Methods: To test this hypothesis, 2 studies were conducted as part of this thesis. In the first one, data from an existing sample of adolescents from a school cohort were analysed to determine if among these students, those at high risk of alcohol misuse and presenting with psychiatric symptoms could benefit from this brief intervention. The same intervention was then delivered to a clinical sample of adolescents; this second study was conducted in a psychiatric department in a hospital setting.
Results: The first study showed that the intervention was as effective regardless of whether the adolescents reported depression and anxiety symptoms; these symptoms did not moderate the intervention effects on substance misuse and associated problems. However, reporting hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and conduct problems did significantly moderate the intervention effects on some drinking outcomes, showing mainly more beneficial intervention effects in adolescents reporting higher levels of externalizing symptoms. In the second study, no significant intervention effects were found regarding substance use and psychiatric symptoms outcomes. Adolescents who received the intervention significantly had higher rates of follow-up compared to those who did not receive the intervention (p =0,003).
Conclusion: The first study is promising regarding the applicability of the intervention with adolescents with psychiatric disorders’ symptoms. In that sense, the lack of significant findings in the second study could potentially be explained by attrition and small sample size at follow-up and therefore to the statistical limits encountered. It is also possible that the intervention as delivered did not address the issues specific to this clinical population in enough depth. Nevertheless, it was observed that the evaluation and organization of patient care did not simultaneously include support for patients’ substance use or associated problems. The coordination between treatment and research should be optimized, not only to support the stated mission of governments to harmonize these two dimensions, but also to follow their recommendations as to the need to prioritize the integration of care for patients with comorbid disorders
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