4,229 research outputs found
The microstructure of sediment-hosted hydrates: evidence from effective medium modelling of laboratory and borehole seismic data
No full textMuch of our knowledge of hydrate distribution in the subsurface comes frominterpretations of remote seismic measurements. A key step in such interpretations isan effective medium theory that relates the seismic properties of a given sediment toits hydrate content. A variety of such theories have been developed; these theoriesgenerally give similar results if the same assumptions are made about the extent towhich hydrate contributes to the load-bearing sediment frame. We have furtherdeveloped and modified one such theory, the self-consistentapproximation/differential effective medium approach, to incorporate additionalempirical parameters describing the extent to which both the sediment matrix material(clay or quartz) and the hydrate are load-bearing. We find that a single choice ofthese parameters allows us to match well both P and S wave velocity measurementsfrom both laboratory and in situ datasets, and that the inferred proportion of hydratethat is load-bearing varies approximately linearly with hydrate saturation. Thisproportion appears to decrease with increasing hydrate saturation for gas-richlaboratory environments, but increase with hydrate saturation when hydrate is formedfrom solution and for an in situ example
Xestoleberis penna Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis penna</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32538 (Figs. 8 G–K, 11A, D1–D4). Paratypes: females: UMUT RA32540 (Fig. 8 A–F’, L), UMUT RA32541 (Fig. 2 G–H), UMUT RA32542 (Fig. 11 B–C). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two females and two juveniles UMUT RA32539.</p> <p> <b>Type locality. A</b> coral rubble, coarse sand coast along the open coastline of Korotogo, Viti Levu Island (P3, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Penna</i> is Latin for wing or flight; the proximal support structure of the hemipenes is shaped like the wings of a bird in flight.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace posterior and anterior ends widely rounded and vertically compressed. Valve edges lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens translucent brown. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts arranged in S-shapes with inward exits. Furca reduced to two short setae.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace ovate, vertically compressed and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 K–L, 11A–D4). Maximum valve length range: 495 µm–545 µm, maximum valve height range: 271 µm–330 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Both anterior and posterior vestibula narrow; posterior narrower than anterior. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace more recessed and with smooth circumferences. Scar pattern: posterior row of four elongated adductor scars, and U-shaped anterior scar.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 8 A–A’). One medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third and fourth podomeres with one dorsal apical seta each, two dorsal apical setae on fifth podomere, terminating setae of sixth podomere: two slender and round tipped (one more conspicuous than other), one whip-like, and one fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first endopodite podomere, two dorsal and ventral medial setae and one ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 8 B–B’). No prominent serrations on claws. Md coxa with nine pointed teeth and two fine setae (Fig. C–E). Palp with four podomeres: one dorsal and two ventral apical setae on second podomere, two short medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, five dorsal and one ventral apical setae on third podomere, two stout terminating setae on fourth podomere. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three dorsal apical setae and second segment with four terminating setae (Fig. 8 F–F’). Branchial plate with 14–16 setuled setae. BO symmetrical short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 8 G).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 8 H–J). Knee setae of legs hirsute. Terminating claws of L5, L6 and L7 stout, straight and with pointed tips. Hp with asymmetrical, wide, rounded to sub-rounded distal processes (Fig. 8 K). Proximal ends of capsules acutely angled and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca two short setae (one slightly shorter than other) on short base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The distribution of <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> appears to be restricted to the Korotogo area; south coast of Viti Levu (type locality above). Other than the holotype habitat (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>) about seven specimens of this species were also collected from the residue of coral rubble.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis cauticola</i> Hartmann-Schröder, 1978 reported from northwestern Australia (Abb. 370–384, Tafel XII Figs. 12–13, Hartmann-Schröder 1978). However, unlike the very thin and straight L7 terminating claws of <i>X. cauticola</i> with a mass of short fine setae at the base of the claw, L7 claw of <i>X. penna</i> is straight and tapers to a point with a slight curve. The S-shaped ejaculatory ducts of both species also vary. In addition, the Hp distal processes of <i>X. cauticola</i> are triangular with narrow, rounded tips, while those of <i>X. penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> are sub-triangular with widely rounded tips. <i>X. cauticola</i> has sub-rounded proximal capsule ends in contrast with the acutely angled proximal capsule ends of <i>X. penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b></p> <p> Species Type Sex Maximum Length Maximum Height (ML) (µm) (MH) (µm) <i>Xestoleberis beccus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 383 248 Paratype Male 372 240 Paratype Female 460 274 Paratype Female 450 267 <i>Xestoleberis concavus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 524 324 Paratype Female 539 331 Paratype Female 539 330 Paratype Female 546 335 <i>Xestoleberis gracilariaii</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 435 260 Paratype Male 407 260 Paratype Female 480 288 Paratype Female 400 245 <i>Xestoleberis marculus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 452 260 Paratype Male 445 263 Paratype Female 440 262 Paratype Female 465 277 <i>Xestoleberis natuvuensis</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 465 255 Paratype Female 521 261 Paratype Female 506 280 Paratype Female 491 273 <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 495 271 Paratype Female 539 329 Paratype Female 545 330 <i>Xestoleberis petrosa</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 330 104 Paratype Male 328 153 Paratype Female 336 146 Paratype Female 377 165</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 338-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Xestoleberis gracilariaii Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis gracilariaii</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32531 (Figs. 5 H, L, 2E–F). Paratypes: male: UMUT RA32535 (Fig. 13 G, J1–J3), females: UMUT RA32533 (Fig. 5 A–G, I–K), UMUT RA32534 (Fig. 5 M), UMUT RA32536 (Fig. 13 I), UMUT RA32537 (Fig. 13 H). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: one male UMUT RA32532.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> A sandy pocket beach along the open coastline of Korovou, Naviti Island in the Yasawa Group of Islands (P2, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Gracilaria maramae</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Gracilaria</i> is the genus of the alga from which most of the specimens of this species were collected (<i>Gracilaria maramae</i> South, 1995 —an edible red alga from Fiji).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Posterior and anterior ends of carapace widely rounded. Valve edges lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens translucent valves, soft parts whitish to very light brown, some specimens with dark spots on posterior ends. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory duct forms O-shape loop before existing outwards through distal processes as hook-like projections. Furca reduced to short seta.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace ovate, and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 E–F, 5N, 13G–J3). Maximum valve length range: 407µm–480 µm, maximum valve height range: 245 µm–288 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Wide anterior and narrow posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace more recessed and with smooth circumferences. Scar pattern: posterior row of four adductor scars, and V-shaped anterior scar.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 5 A–A’). One short medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third and fourth podomeres with one dorsal apical seta each, fourth and fifth podomeres with one ventral apical seta each, fifth podomere with two dorsal apical setae, terminating setae of sixth podomere: one stout and pointed, one whip-like, one slender and round-tipped and one fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first podomere of endopodite, two dorsal and ventral medial setae and stout distal ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 5 B–B’). One terminating claw with very fine serrations. Md coxa with six pointed and one lobate teeth and four fine setae (Fig. 5 C–E). Palp with four podomeres: second podomere with one dorsal and two ventral apical setae, third podomere with five dorsal and one ventral apical setae, two medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, one medial seta at junction of third and fourth podomeres, two stout and one short terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three distal dorsal-apical setae and second segment with three terminating setae (Fig. 5 F–G). Branchial plate with 14–15 setuled setae. BO symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 5 H).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 5 I–K). Terminating claws of L5, L6 and L7 stout and slightly curved. Hp with asymmetrical sub-triangular distal processes; tips of distal processes wide and rounded (Fig. 5 L). Proximal ends of capsules sub-rounded and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca, short fine seta on small base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Apart from the above-mentioned habitat of the holotype, a small number of specimens of <i>X. graciliariaii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> were also collected from <i>Pterocladiella</i> sp., a short red alga. Three specimens of <i>X. gracilariaii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> were also collected from the south east coast of Tavewa Island, which is situated close to Naviti Island (where majority of the specimens were collected) (P2, Fig. 1, Table 1). The collections were made from the green alga <i>Bryosis penata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis gracilarii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis honiaraensis</i> Titterton & Whatley, 2005 (Fig. 4, Nos.16, 19, Pl. 3, 17–23, Titterton & Whatley 2005) reported from Honiara, Solomon Islands. Both species differ in the shape of the frontal muscle scars and anterior margin pores: <i>X. gracilarii—</i> V-shaped muscle scars and simple pore canals and <i>X. honiaraensis</i> —trefoil muscle scars and branching pore canals.</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 332-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Xestoleberis becca Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis becca</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32562 (Figs. 3 A–B’, F–K, 2A–B), collected from type locality. Paratypes: male: UMUT RA32565 (Fig. 10 F–G, K1–K4), females: UMUT RA32564 (Fig. 3 C–E, L), UMUT RA32566 (Fig. 10 I–J), UMUT RA32567 (Fig. 10 H). Paratypes were collected from Tavewa Island (P1, Fig. 1, Table 1). The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two males and three females UMUT RA32563.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> A coral rubble, coarse sand coast along the open coastline of Korotogo, Viti Levu Island (P3, Fig 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>).</p> <p> <i>eccus</i> is Latin for beak; the upper outside edges of the proximal structure of the hemipenes are shaped like beaks.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace with widely rounded posterior and anterior ends. Marginal pores line edges of carapace; anterior edges of carapace have branching pore canals. Coloration in living specimens transparent with opaque patches. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts have irregular arrangements with inward exists. Furca reduced to short seta.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace reniform and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 A–B, 10A,–E5). Maximum valve length range: 372 µm–460 µm, maximum valve height range: 240 µm–274 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral indentation about halfway along carapace. Wide anterior and moderate width posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge; median groove and bar of hinge finely locellate. Normal and (possibly) exocrine sieve pores scattered over carapace, simple pores along ventral and anterior edges. Scar pattern: posterior row of four adductor scars, single anterior scar trefoil.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 3 A–A’). Third podomere with one dorsal apical seta and fourth and fifth podomeres with one short and one long dorsal apical setae. Terminating setae of sixth podomere: one slender and round tipped, and three fine (one long and two short). An2 with one dorsal and two ventral medial setae and one stout ventral apical seta of second endopodite podomere (Fig. 3 B–B’). No prominent serrations on two terminating claws. Md coxa with six pointed and two lobate teeth and three fine setae (Fig. 3 C–E). Palp with four podomeres, first podomere with one fine ventral apical seta, second podomere with two long ventral and one long dorsal apical setae, two short medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, third podomere with one ventral and five (four long and one short) dorsal apical setae, fourth podomere with one stout terminating claw and one fine terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with four distal dorsal-apical setae and second with three terminating setae (Fig. 3 F–F’). Branchial plate with 11 setuled setae. BO is symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 3 G).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 3 H–J). Terminating claws L5, L6 and L7 short and curved. Hp with asymmetrical, trigonal to sub-trigonal distal processes: one with wide, rounded end, other with tapered end (Fig. 3 K). Proximal ends of the capsules almost right-angled and proximal support structure shaped like pair of beaks placed back to back. Furca short fine seta on small rounded base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Xestoleberis becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> occurs in four locations; including the holotype locality, this species also occurs in the southeast of Tavewa Island (P1), Korovou, Naviti Island (P2), and Viani, Vanua Levu (P5) (Fig. 1, Table 1). In addition to the holotype habitat, specimen collections were also made from short red algae (<i>Pterocladiella</i> sp. and <i>Gracilaria maramae</i>), a tall brown alga (<i>Sargassum</i> sp.) and sediments.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis maculanitida</i> Titterton & Whatley, 2005 (Fig. 4, Nos. 15, 18, Pl. 3, Figs. 9 –16, Titterton & Whatley 2005) from Solomon Islands and <i>Xestoleberis paraporthedlandensis</i> Hartmann-Schröder, 1978 (Abb. 409–422, Tafel XIII Figs. 1–2, Hartmann-Schröder 1978) from Australia. In contrast with the mostly straight and simple (and some trifurcate) anterior marginal pores of <i>X. maculanitida</i>, the anterior marginal pores of <i>X. becca</i> are branching with at most five branches. The ejaculatory duct arrangements of <i>X. becca</i> and <i>X. paraporthedlandensis</i> vary. One of the Hp distal processes of <i>X. paraporthedlandensis</i> terminates into a seta while neither of the distal processes of <i>X. becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> possesses any seta.</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 328-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Shallow Marine Ostracod Fauna of the Fiji Archipelago
No full text金沢大学博士（学術）28-2016博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：1.Zootaxa 4158(3) pp.433-442 2016. Magnolia Press. 共著者： Chand P. , Kamiya, T 2.Zootaxa 4208(4) pp.325-348 2016. Magnolia Press. 共著者：Chand P. , Kamiya, Tdoctoral thesi
Debris temperature and ablation measurements from the Lirung Debris-Covered Glacier (2013-2014), Nepal
No full textThese data are from the debris-covered portion of Lirung Glacier, Langtang Valley located in the Langtang National Park of the Nepal Himalaya that were collected during three field expeditions between September 2013 and April 2014. The data includes debris temperature measurements at two different sites of the glacier in three different seasons of the year 2013 (Monsoon and Winter) and 2014 (Pre-Monsoon). Debris temperature measurements from thermistors located at the surface (Black-colored dirty ice) to up to 40 cm from the surface. Dataset also included the ablation measurement in three seasons at different debris-thicknesses. Below is a brief description of the two different datasets:
- Ablation_stake_data_Lirung_glacier_CHAND.csv: ablation stake measurement in the Monsoon and Winter season of 2013 and pre-monsoon season of 2014 from Chand and Kayastha (2018) and Chand et al. (2015).
- Debris_temperature_profile_Lirung_Glacier_CHAND.csv: debris temperature measurements (Degree Celcius) where the depth is reported in cm from Chand and Kayastha (2018).
----- Citing datasets -----
Chand, M. B., and Kayastha, R. B. (2018). Study of thermal properties of supraglacial debris and degree-day factors on Lirung Glacier, Nepal. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 10(5): 357-368 doi:10.3724/SP.J.1226.2018.00357
Chand, M. B., Kayastha, R. B., Parajuli, A., and Mool, P. K. (2015). Seasonal variation of ice melting on varying layers of the debris of Lirung Glacier, Langtang Valley, Nepal, Proc. IAHS, 368, 21–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-21-201
Lasers in medical applications: R&D Mapping
No full textA study of the MEDLINE CDROM database, for the period 1969-2000 was undertaken. The purpose was, to identify core areas of research and development, in the field of applications of lasers to humans, along with other bibliometric indicators of research. A total of 34,833 records were retrieved, downloaded and analysed. The results
indicate a steady increase in the number of publications every year, from 1970 onwards, with 1997 (2767 articles) and 1998 (2914 articles) being the most productive years. The most prolific contributors were J. Haut, with 95 publications to his credit, followed by M. Landthaler (82), G. Coscas (79), S.G. Bown (73) and P. Bjerring (70). Collaboration among the authors was high, with a maximum of 15 contributors observed in a few articles. The top ranking journal in the field was Ophthalmology, which published 769 articles starting from 1978. USA was way ahead as the country with the highest journal productivity (around 40% of the total number of records), followed by UK and Germany.
A total of 103 articles were published from India. English was the preferred language of publication, with 75% of the records being published in English language. In the use of
lasers for humans, maximum number of records were found for adult and middle aged populations. Research focussed on the eye and its various diseases. Lasers were found to
be used for therapeutic purposes, in surgery and in the diagnosis of diseases. Carbondioxide laser was most frequently used for medical applications. Though there
were quite a few references on the adverse effects of lasers, the therapeutic effects far outweighed them
Leadership Pain: The Classroom for Growth. By Samuel R. Chand
No full textLEADERSHIP PAIN: THE CLASSROOM FOR GROWTH. By Samuel R. Chand. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson (2015). Kindle edition, 250 pages.
First, he looks at the main causes of pain in leadership— namely, external sources, personal unrelieved stress, and a growing organization. But he does not stop there. He spends a good deal of time looking at how to analyze and recognize the painful experiences that we have and how they help us grow. This is important because, without it, a lot of pain we suffer can be in vain. Finally, the author encourages leaders by reminding them that there are privileges that come with leadership in spite of the pain. Most spiritual leaders will acknowledge that God uses trial to refine us, but few will stop to really analyze their hardships in a way that allows God to maximize them for personal growth and the growth of their organizations. Even fewer will see this pain as a blessing and privilege
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