90 research outputs found
Caracterização bioquímica e molecular da resistência da Helicoverpa arginigera Hübner aos piretroides do Bukina faso. Estratégias de proteção do algodoeiro.
No full textLE CANCER PRIMITIF DU FOIE ASPECTS EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES ET CLINIQUES AU CENTRE HOSPITALIER NATIONAL YALGADO OUEDRAOGO OUAGADOUGOU
No full textFrançais
112 dossiers de malades (92 hommes et 20 femmes) atteints de cancer primitif du foie (CPF) représentant 3,2 % des hospitalisations ont été colligés en trois
(3) ans dans le service d'hépato gastro - entérologie du Centre Hospitalier National
Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (CHN-Y.O.).
L'âge moyen était de 46,9 ans. Les douleurs de l'hypochondre droit étaient quasi constantes (96,7 %). suivies de l'ascite (43,9 %) et de l'ictère (33,6 %).
Le foie tumoral typique a été retrouvé dans 88,5 % et l'atteinte intéressait les deux (2) lobes dans 82,8% à l'échographie.
Les marqueurs du virus de l'hépatite B étaient présents chez 95,2 % des patients.
Il s'agissait dans tous les cas de tumeurs épithéliales (carcinome hépato-cellulaire dans 93,3% et cholangio-carcinome dans 6,7 %).
Anglais
112 cases (92 men and 20 women) of infection by Liver primitive cancer with o/o admission have been reported in 3 years in the hepato-gastro-enterology service of the national hospital Yalgado.
The average age was 46,9 years. Pains in the right hypocondria were almost constant (96,7 %) ascites came second with 43,9 and icterus came last with 33,6 %.
Typical tumorous liver has been observed in 88,5 % of cases and the infection concerned the two lobes in 82,8 % of cases after echography.
Marks from hepatitis virus B were present in 95,5% of cases.
In ail cases it was epithelial tumor (hepato-cellular carcinoma in 93,3 % of cases and cholangio-carcinoma in 6,7 % of cases
The role of Plasmodium falciparum var genes in malaria in pregnancy
No full textSequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta is responsible for many of the harmful effects of malaria during pregnancy. Sequestration occurs as a result of parasite adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes binding to host receptors in the placenta such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). Identification of the parasite ligand(s) responsible for placental adhesion could lead to the development of a vaccine to induce antibodies to prevent placental sequestration. Such a vaccine would reduce the maternal anaemia and infant deaths that are associated with malaria in pregnancy. Current research indicates that the parasite ligands mediating placental adhesion may be members of the P. falciparum variant surface antigen family PfEMP1, encoded by var genes. Two relatively well-conserved subfamilies of var genes have been implicated in placental adhesion, however, their role remains controversial. This review examines the evidence for and against the involvement of var genes in placental adhesion, and considers whether the most appropriate vaccine candidates have yet been identified
A well-conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene shows an unusual stage-specific transcript pattern
No full textThe var multicopy gene family encodes Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant antigens, which, through their ability to adhere to a variety of host receptors, are thought to be important virulence factors. The predominant expression of a single cytoadherent PfEMP1 type on an infected red blood cell, and the switching between different PfEMP1 types to evade host protective antibody responses, are processes thought to be controlled at the transcriptional level. Contradictory data have been published on the timing of var gene transcription. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data suggested that transcription of the predominant var gene occurs in the later (pigmented trophozoite) stages, whereas Northern blot data indicated such transcripts only in early (ring) stages. We investigated this discrepancy by Northern blot, with probes covering a diverse var gene repertoire. We confirm that almost all var transcript types were detected only in ring stages. However, one type, the well-conserved varCSA transcript, was present constitutively in different laboratory parasites and does not appear to undergo antigenic variation. Although varCSA has been shown to encode a chondroitin sulphate A (CSA)-binding PfEMP1, we find that the presence of full-length varCSA transcripts does not correlate with the CSA-binding phenotype
Selection of pfcrt K76 and pfmdr1 N86 Coding Alleles after Uncomplicated Malaria Treatment by Artemether-Lumefantrine in Mali
No full textBackground: Artemether-lumefantrine is a highly effective artemisinin-based combination therapy that was adopted in Mali as first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study was designed to measure the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and to assess the selection of the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multi-drug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) genotypes that have been associated with drug resistance. Methods: A 28-day follow-up efficacy trial of artemether-lumefantrine was conducted in patients aged 6 months and older suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria in four different Malian areas during the 2009 malaria transmission season. The polymorphic genetic markers MSP2, MSP1, and Ca1 were used to distinguish between recrudescence and reinfection. Reinfection and recrudescence were then grouped as recurrent infections and analyzed together by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to identify candidate markers for artemether-lumefantrine tolerance in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene and the P. falciparum multi-drug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene. Results: Clinical outcomes in 326 patients (96.7%) were analyzed and the 28-day uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) rate was 73.9%. The total PCR-corrected 28-day ACPR was 97.2%. The pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y population prevalence decreased from 49.3% and 11.0% at baseline (n = 337) to 38.8% and 0% in patients with recurrent infection (n = 85); p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Parasite populations exposed to artemether-lumefantrine in this study were selected toward chloroquine-sensitivity and showed a promising trend that may warrant future targeted reintroduction of chloroquine or/and amodiaquine
Etude de l’effet d’une source d’inoculum externe sur la propagation du CABMV (Cowpea aphid – borne mosaic virus) selon la proximité des parcelles voisines et la variété de niébé
Get PDFUn champ ensemencé avec des semences de qualité peut se retrouver voisin avec un autre ensemencé avec des semences infectées par le virus de la mosaïque du niébé. Ce virus est transmis par les semences à des taux de 0 à 40% selon les variétés. Ces semences infectées donnent des jeunes plantes virosées à partir desquelles les pucerons vont propager la maladie. Ce travail a été effectué pour déterminer la distance minimale permettant d’éviter des contaminations à partir d’inoculum externe suivant la sensibilité de la variété. Ainsi, deux parcelles centrales de 300 m2 ont été semées avec des graines de Gorom local contaminées à 0,5% par le virus. Autour de la première parcelle centrale, 4 parcelles de 200 m2 chacune ont été semées avec des graines de Gorom local indemnes de virus aux distances respectives de 10 m, 15 m, 20 m et 25 m. Autour de la deuxième parcelle centrale, des semences indemnes de virus de Kvx61-1 ont été utilisées. Un dispositif similaire a été constitué pour les parcelles témoins avec des semences indemnes de virus. La propagation de la maladie a montré qu’elle est liée à la variété, aux pucerons et à la distance avec la source d’inoculum.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Semences indemnes de virus, semences contaminées, distance minimale, puceronsEnglish Title: Study of the effect of external inoculum source on CABMV (Cowpea aphid – borne mosaic virus) spread in relation to the proximity of neighboring plots and the cowpea varietyEnglish AbstractA field sown with quality seeds can be closed to another one sown with seeds infected by cowpea mosaic virus which is seed transmitted at rates ranging from 0 to 40% depending on cowpea varieties. Infected seeds germinate and grow into virus-infected seedlings from which aphids will spread the disease. This research was carried out in order to determine the minimum distance needed for avoiding contaminations from external virus inoculum sources, in relation with the susceptibility of cowpea varieties. Thus, two central plots of 300 m² have been sown with contaminated seeds at 0.5% by CABMV of cowpea variety Gorom local. Around the first central plot, four plots of 200 m² each were sown with virus-free seeds of Gorom local at respective distances of 10 m, 15 m, 20 m and 25 m. Around the second central plot, virus-free seeds of Kvx61- 1 have been used. A similar layout was done for the control plots with virus-free seeds. It was found that the spread of the disease was related to the cowpea variety, the aphids and the distance from the inoculum source.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Virus-free seeds, contaminated seeds, minimum distance, aphid
Identification of immunological biomarkers which may differentiate latent tuberculosis from exposure to environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria in children.
Get PDFA positive gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6)/culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) has been taken to indicate latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, but it may also be due to exposure to environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria in which ESAT-6 homologues are present. We assessed the immune responses to M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 and cross-reactive responses to ESAT-6 homologues of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium kansasii. Archived culture supernatant samples from children at 3 years post-BCG vaccination were tested for cytokine/chemokine responses to M. tuberculosis antigens. Furthermore, the IFN-γ responses to M. tuberculosis antigens were followed up for 40 children at 8 years post-BCG vaccination, and 15 TB patients were recruited as a control group for the M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 response in Malawi. IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on supernatants from diluted whole-blood assays, IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays, QuantiFERON TB Gold-In Tube tests, and multiplex bead assays were performed. More than 45% of the responders to M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 showed IFN-γ responses to M. avium and M. kansasii ESAT-6. In response to M. tuberculosis ESAT-6/CFP-10, interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17 differentiated the stronger IFN-γ responders to M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 from those who preferentially responded to M. kansasii and M. avium ESAT-6. A cytokine/chemokine signature of IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17 was identified as a putative immunological biosignature to differentiate latent TB infection from exposure to M. avium and M. kansasii in Malawian children, indicating that this signature might be particularly informative in areas where both TB and exposure to environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria are endemic
An Analysis of the Recent Evolution of Mali’s Maize Subsector
Get PDFIn most developing countries, historically, the main strategy for improving the food sector has focused on increasing farm-level production. But in recent years, with the emphasis on value chain analysis, there has been much more focus on subsector studies, demand-driven approaches, and improving vertical coordination to assure product quality to final consumption markets. Millet, sorghum, and later rice were the traditional leading three cereal crops produced and consumed in Mali. Maize has trailed them for more than two decades, but from mid 1990s on, it has been produced and consumed in much larger quantities. Given the potentials of maize, developing and better organizing its subsector has the potential to not only increase revenues for maize farmers, but also create profitable opportunities for other actors in the subsector (traders, marketers, processors, industries, and consumers). This paper seeks to provide a description of the changing supply and demand dynamics for maize in Mali, the organization of the marketing channels and players, and the characteristics of the main consumption markets. The main conceptual tools to be used are subsector analysis and the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) approach. The paper will draw on literature reviews, the author’s personal interviews with value chain participants, and tabular and graphical analysis of production and price data to address the reasons behind the changes in production and demand, how the demand is likely to evolve, how the structure of the subsector might be affected, and what will be the implications for public sector investments and policies.maize, value chain, Mali, cereals, food security, agricultural marketing, livestock feed, industrial organization, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Marketing, L11-Production, Pricing, and Market Structure, Size Distribution of Firms, N57-Africa, Oceania, O17-Formal and Informal Sectors, Shadow Economy, Institutional Arrangements, O33-Technological Change: Choices and Consequences, Diffusion Processes, Q12-Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q13-Agricultural Markets and Marketing, Cooperatives, Agribusiness, Q18-Agricultural Policy, Food Policy,
Rhynchobombyx nicolasroberteaton Prozorov, Saldaitis & Muller 2021, sp. n.
No full text<p> <b> <i>Rhynchobombyx nicolasroberteaton</i> Prozorov, Saldaitis & Müller sp. n.</b> </p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B4CE762-457F-4830-860B-701219A57867</p> <p>(Figs 37–42, 50–51)</p> <p> <b>Type material:</b> <b>HOLOTYPE</b> ♂, <b>DRC</b>, [Kasaï Prov.] Kasaï- Occidental Prov., NE Ilebo and Kasai River, XI.1997, genitalia slide 0634 (CGM / BUM). <b>PARATYPES</b> (10♂ total): 9♂, data as for holotype but collected in XII and II.1997, genitalia slides 0632, 0633 (CGM / BUM); <b>DRC</b>: 1♂, Mai- Ndombe Prov., Ekongo camp, 02°45’23.09”S, 20°18’55.37”E, XI.2017, leg. A. & T. Prozorovs, V. Kravchenko et al. (CGM / BUM).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Externally the species darker than the others, resembles <i>Rh. julianjameseaton</i>, but with forewing concavity between CuA 2 and 1A.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male habitus</b> (Figs 37–39). Head, thorax and abdomen brown. Thorax bears dorsal triangular dark brown spot with pale center; dark brown line goes from the spot towards head. Forewing length: 14–15 mm; wingspan: 29–31 mm. Wing oval-shaped, apex obtuse, external margin slightly waved with concavity between CuA 2 and 1A. Pattern marmorate, orangish brown and brown with multiplied light and dark antemedial, postmedial and external crenulate lines; and blackish discal dot on R-Cu cell outer margin. Cilia brown. Hindwing oval-shaped, external margin rounded, slightly waved. Main color yellowish or reddish brown, darkens caudally. Cilia brown. <b>Male genitalia</b> (Figs 40–42). Tegumen band-shaped, bears two short projections with sharpen apexes and covered with chaetae along. Vinculum thin, ventrally widened into cup-like form. Sacculus elongated, finger-shaped with blunt apex. Cucullus tuber-like, covered with chaetae. Juxta a tiny plate fused with aedeagus. Aedeagus cylindrical with small uneven dorsal sclerotized field right by vesica and ventral c-shaped long basal spur with blunt apex. Vesica bag-shaped with two chambers: smaller lateral and bigger main, both covered with tiny denticles; main one bears cornutus formed by several fused smaller cornuti. <b>Female remains unknown</b>, expected to be bigger and darker than male.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honour of Nicolas Robert Eaton (East Providence, Rhode Island, USA). Nicolas Robert is nature and sports enthusiast, especially baseball. Soon to be published author and rap music composer.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The species is found in two locations in DRC, Kasaï and Mai- Ndombe Province (Figs 50–51).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Adults were observed and collected in November, December and February. The only known habitat is tropical moist broadleaf forests with rare mosaic grassland patches, the elevation is around 100 m above sea-level. One paratype male was collected on the border between forest and grassland in an area of one hectare using an auto-trap (Figs 53–55). The larval foodplant remains unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Mapilanga, Jean Joseph, Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Traore, Mohamed M., Saldaitis, Aidas & Müller, Günter C., 2021, Seven new species of Rhynchobombyx Aurivillius, 1909 from Congolian lowland forests (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), pp. 35-53 in Ecologica Montenegrina 49</i> on page 46, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.49.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8044124">http://zenodo.org/record/8044124</a>
Assessment and evaluation of contact as a risk factor for tuberculosis in rural Africa.
Get PDFSETTING: A rural district in Malawi. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of inaccurate recall on estimates of the proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases attributable to contact with identifiable prior cases. DESIGN: Case-control study of laboratory-confirmed TB cases and community controls, comparing family, household and area contacts identified from a database of TB cases with those named at interview. Estimation of prior contact as a risk factor for TB and identified factors associated with being a named contact. RESULTS: Ninety-five per cent of named contacts were known TB cases. The proportion of total identified contacts who were named at interview was 75%, and was similar for cases and controls. Cases were twice as likely as controls to identify prior contacts. Adding database information did not affect odds ratios, but increased the proportion of TB cases attributable to prior contact. Smear-positive, male and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative TB patients were more likely to be named by subsequent cases. Identifiable recent contact with known smear-positive cases accounted for 12.5% of the TB burden. CONCLUSIONS: Reporting of putative source contacts showed little evidence of recall bias and gave estimates of the relative risk of TB associated with identifiable contact. The lower likelihood of HIV-positive cases being named as contacts may reflect reduced infectiousness
- …
