29 research outputs found
Uji Penguraian Filem Plastik Campuran Polistiren dan Poli(3-hidroksibutirat) dalam Larutan Berair pada Berbagai pH secara in-vitro
Get PDFTelah dilakukan uji penguraian filem plastik campuran polistiren (PS) dan poli(3-hidroksibutirat) P(3HB) dengan berbagai perbandingan dalam larutan berair secara in-vitro. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode immersion test dalam air suling, larutan pH 4, 6, 8 dan 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar jumlah P(3HB) dalam filem plastik campuran polistiren dan P(3HB) penguraiannya semakin cepat
I giardini di villa Melzi d’Eril a Bellagio. Un museo all’aperto tra natura arte e storia
No full textIl libro tratta della storia della realizzazione della villa e dei giardini del duca Francesco Melzi d’Eril a Bellagio sul lago di Como evidenziando i caratteri architettonici e paesaggistici. Sulla base di documenti inediti ricostruisce anche le vicende famigliari e i modi di abitare la villa e vivere i giardini nel corso del tempo. Analizza quindi i giardini e le sue collezioni d’arte chiarendo autori e provenienza delle sculture. La parte dedicata al rilevante patrimonio botanico è stata curata da Paolo Cottini.
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The book covers the history of the construction of the villa and gardens of duke Francesco Melzi d’Eril in Bellagio on Lake Como, highlighting the architectural features and landscape qualities. On the basis of unpublished documents the author also reconstructs the family events and ways of living the villa and gardens over time. It then analyzes the gardens and ots art collections clarifying authors and origin of the sculptures. The part devoted to the significant botanical heritage has been edited by Paul Cottin
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Kulit Batang Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen)
Get PDFSapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) is a plant that grows in a tropical climate, fruit all year round and the distribution is in the widespread in Indonesia. The contents of secondary metabolites in the leaves and the bark sapodilla are flavonoids, phenols and saponins are known to inhibit the growth of bacteria. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract leaves and bark Sapodilla against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The study was performed by disc diffusion method with the varyation concentrations of ethanol extract from the leaves and bark with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% respectively and the positive control is clindamycin and the negative control is DMSO . The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the ethanol extract test of the leaves sapodilla against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes at a concentration of 50% was 14.18 ± 0.13 mm and 15.33 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. While the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the ethanol extract test of the bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes at a concentration of 50% was 14.22±0.15 mm and 18.30±0.23 mm, respectively. The results of the data statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA, it shown a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the variation of the concentration of the extract. The test results shown that the antibacterial activity ethanol extract of the leaves and bark of Sapodilla had activity for inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) merupakan tanaman yang hidup di daerah tropis, berbuah sepanjang tahun dan penyebarannya cukup luas di Indonesia. Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada daun dan kulit batang sawo yaitu flavonoid, fenolik dan saponin yang diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstraketanol daun dan kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25% dan 3,125%, serta kontrol positif klindamisin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol daun sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,18±0,13 mm dan 15,33±0,25 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,22±0,15 mm dan 18,30±0,23 mm. Hasil analisis data menggunakan statistik ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang sawo memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes
La escritura epistolar y la enseñanzade lenguas: los manuales prácticos decorrespondencia comercial de G. B. Melzi (1878)
No full textThe increase in commercial transactions during the 19th century led to an important growth in the publication of commercial teaching materials in the form of what were known as correspondence arts or manuals. This paper deals with the ones that were written, and adapted to four languages, with the title Practical Handbook of Commercial Correspondence, by Giovanni Battista Melzi, who, following the classics, considers that letters are written conversations and, therefore, the best way to learn a foreign language. In these pages a detailed analysis of Melzi's manual, adapted to French, English, Italian, German, and Spanish (1878), is presented and the contents of the letters and their typology are reviewed, together with the clarifications and explanations included as footnotes by the author. Letters and footnotes become a valid resource for learning a second language, since they include very interesting observations about treatment formulae, the forms and uses of pronouns and verbs, conjunctions, interjections, adverbs, prepositions, proper names, punctuation, the lexicon, or spelling and phonetics. The content of these manuals responds to linguistic and commercial interests, so that the letters and lexicon, despite having been widely used in the history of language teaching, are, according to its author, the best way to learn Spanish, French, English, German, or Italian at the end of the century.El aumento de las transacciones comerciales durante el siglo XIX trajo consigo un importante impulso de la publicación de materiales de enseñanza de español comercial en forma de artes o manuales de correspondencia. Este artículo se ocupa de los que confeccionó G. B. Melzi, quien, siguiendo a los clásicos, considera que las cartas son una conversación escrita y, por tanto, la mejor forma de aprender una lengua extranjera. En estas páginas se expone el detallado análisis del manual de Melzi, adaptado al francés, al inglés, al italiano, al alemán y al español (1878), se revisa el contenido de las cartas y su tipología y se examinan las aclaraciones y explicaciones que, en forma de notas a pie de página, incluye el autor para satisfacer las necesidades con que fue compuesto. Las cartas y las notas a pie de página se convierten en un recurso válido para el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua, pues incluyen observaciones muy interesantes sobre fórmulas de tratamiento, formas y usos de pronombres y verbos, sobre conjunciones, interjecciones, adverbios, preposiciones, nombres propios, sobre puntuación, sobre léxico o sobre ortografía y fonética. El contenido de estos manuales, en definitiva, responde a intereses lingüísticos y comerciales, de manera que cartas y léxico, pese a haberse utilizado abundantemente en la historia de la enseñanza de lenguas, son, según su autor, la mejor forma para aprender español, francés, inglés, alemán o italiano a finales de la centuria
La morte di Orlando,
No full textReprinted with other poems of the author under the anagram of Laromeo Rabarbo. cf Melzi, G. Dizionario de anonime ... v.2, p.214.Mode of access: Internet
POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG Bauhinia semibifida Roxb
No full textTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit batang pohon kupu-kupu (Bauhinia semibifida Roxb) dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit batang pohon kupu-kupu (Bauhinia semibifida Roxb) terhadap radikal bebas. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol dari kulit batang pohon kupu-kupu dan sebagai kontrol pembanding digunakan Vitamin C. Pengujian berdasarkan absorban DPPH terhadap ekstrak pada panjang gelombang 517 nm menggunakan microplate reader. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana kulit batang pohon kupu-kupu memiliki nilai IC50 137 µg/mL dengan nilai AAI <0,5 dan dikategorikan lemah, nilai IC50 ekstrak etil asetat 30,15 µg/mL dengan nilai AAI 1,32 dan dikategorikan kuat dan ekstrak metanol memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 16 µg/mL dengan nilai AAI sebesar 2,5 yang dikategorikan sangat kuat. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit batang pohon kupu-kupu (Bauhinia semibifida Roxb) mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antioksidan yang sangat kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainnya
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) dengan Metode Difusi Cakram
No full textABSTRACT
Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are generally used as cooking ingredients by the community. The part of the shallot widely used is only a part of the tuber, while the outer shell of the shallot is thrown away because it is only considered as wastes. Based on phytochemical screening results, extract of shallot peels contains phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research is to know the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram positive bacteria, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli as Gram negative bacteria and also antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study was performed using disc diffusion method with the variation of concentration of ethanol extract of the peels of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% w/v, respectively, the positive control of chloramphenicol for bacteria, the positive control of nystatin for fungi and the negative control of DMSO. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli at the concentration of 50% was 11.75 mm, 16.03 mm, 9.42 mm and 7.77 mm, respectively. The inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Trichophyton mentagrophytes at the concentration of 50% was 18.53 mm. As conclusion, ethanol extract of the shallot peels could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella thypi, Escherichia coli and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
ABSTRAK
Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) secara umum digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan oleh masyarakat. Bagian dari bawang merah yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah bagian umbinya saja, sedangkan bagian kulit terluar dari bawang merah tersebut dibuang karena hanya dianggap sebagai limbah. Berdasarkan hasil skrining fitokimia, ekstrak kulit bawang merah mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid dan terpenoid yang dapat memberikan daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol dari kulit bawang merah terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus sebagai bakteri Gram positif, Salmonella thypi dan Eschericia coli sebagai bakteri Gram negatif serta aktivitas antijamur terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak etanol dari kulit bawang merah yaitu 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125% dan 1,5625% b/v serta kontrol positif kloramfenikol untuk bakteri, kontrol positif nistatin untuk jamur dan DMSO sebagai kontrol negatif. Diameter hambat yang dihasilkan pada pengujian ekstrak etanol dari kulit bawang merah terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi dan Eschericia coli dengan konsentrasi 50% berturut-turut adalah 11,75 mm; 16,03 mm; 9,42 mm dan 7,77 mm. Diameter hambat yang dihasilkan pada pengujian ekstrak etanol dari kulit bawang merah terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dengan konsentrasi 50% adalah 18,53 mm. Sebagai kesimpulan, ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella thypi, Escherichia coli dan jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) dengan Metode Difusi Cakram
Get PDFShallots (Allium cepa L.) are generally used as cooking ingredients by the community. The part of the shallot widely used is only a part of the tuber, while the outer shell of the shallot is thrown away because it is only considered as wastes. Based on phytochemical screening results, extract of shallot peels contains phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research is to know the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram positive bacteria, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli as Gram negative bacteria and also antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study was performed using disc diffusion method with the variation of concentration of ethanol extract of the peels of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% w/v, respectively, the positive control of chloramphenicol for bacteria, the positive control of nystatin for fungi and the negative control of DMSO. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thypi and Eschericia coli at the concentration of 50% was 11.75 mm, 16.03 mm, 9.42 mm and 7.77 mm, respectively. The inhibition zone formed on the activity assay of ethanol extract of the shallot peels against Trichophyton mentagrophytes at the concentration of 50% was 18.53 mm. As conclusion, ethanol extract of the shallot peels could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella thypi, Escherichia coli and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Aktivitas Antijamur Fraksi N-Heksana Kulit Buah Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Get PDFThe sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a fruit that is loved by all walks of life because of its sweet taste. The flesh part of the fruit is consumed, while the fruit peel is discarded. However, the fruit peel also contains secondary metabolites, which have various biological activities. The peel of this sweet orange fruit contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and terpenoids. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of the n-hexane fraction against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results of measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes at a concentration of 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.125 and 1.5625% w/v, respectively 12.29±0.08; 11.14±0.12; 9.54±0.17; 7.01±0.12; 6.19±0.03; 6.06 ± 0.03 mm, with a MIC of 1.5625 %. Results of measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone formed against Candida albicans fungi respectively 9.97 ± 0.02; 9.05±0.18; 8.32±0.38; 7.09±0.07; 6.00±0.00; 6.00±0.00 mm, with a MIC of 6.25%. The results of data analysis using one-way ANOVA statistics showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between variations in the concentration of the test fraction with positive control and negative control. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the n-hexane fraction of sweet orange peel has activity in inhibiting the growth of the test fungus, with the best antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50% w/v
Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan dalam Mencegah Penularan Covid-19 di Kelurahan Bina Widya Kota Pekanbaru
Get PDFCOVID-19 cases in Riau Province are still showing a significant increase in numbers. This is due to the activities and mobility of the people of Riau Province who are very much outside the house. Problems in the community, among others, are still many who do not understand the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, including the importance of using masks when out of the house, the importance of personal hygiene, hand washing with soap, and pyshical distancing. The habit of implementing clean and healthy living behaviors is not easy, it requires understanding and motivation from individuals so that each individual is more disciplined in applying them. The purpose of this research is to increase people's knowledge about COVID-19 through leafleat media. The method used is qualitative method. Pretest the community to get an early overview of the understanding of health protocols in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. The results of the posttest questionnaire showed an increase in people's knowledge from not understanding to understanding and very understanding. This is because the measurement of knowledge is done by providing complete information about COVID-19 and its prevention through leaflet media that is very effective in improving one's knowledge. The conclusion of socialization research that has been conducted on November 29, 2020 at RW 09 RT 03 Bina Widya Village, Panam Pekanbaru Riau can be seen that there is an increase in public knowledge after this activity, thus adding to the public's insight on how to prevent the transmission of covid-19 and what foods can be consumed during the current pandemic in order to improve the immune system or immune system.Kasus COVID-19 di Provinsi Riau masih menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah yang signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan aktivitas dan mobilitas masyarakat Provinsi Riau yang sangat banyak diluar rumah. Permasalahan di masyarakat antara lain masih banyak yang belum paham pencegahan penularan COVID-19 ini diantaranya pentingnya menggunakan masker ketika keluar rumah, pentingnya personal hygiene, cuci tangan pakai sabun, dan pyshical distancing. Kebiasaan untuk menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat bukan hal mudah, membutuhkan pemahaman dan motivasi dari individu sehingga setiap individu lebih disiplin dalam menerapkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang COVID-19 melalui media leafleat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Melakukan pretest kepada masyarakat untuk mendapatkan gambaran awal terkait pemahaman protokol kesehatan dalam mencegah penularan COVID-19. Hasil kuesioner posttest yang dilakukan menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dari tidak paham menjadi paham dan sangat paham. Hal ini dikarenakan pengukuran pada pengetahuan dilakukan dengan pemberian informasi lengkap tentang COVID-19 dan pencegahannya melalui media leaflet yang sangat efektif dalam peningkatan pengetahuan seseorang. Kesimpulan dari penelitian sosialisasi yang telah dilakukan pada tanggal 29 November 2020 di RW 09 RT 03 Kelurahan Bina Widya, Panam Pekanbaru Riau dapat dilihat bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat setelah dilakukannya kegiatan ini, sehingga menambah wawasan masyarakat tentang bagaimana caranya mencegah penularan covid-19 dan makanan apa saja yang dapat dikonsumsi selama pandemi sekarang agar dapat meningkatkan sistem imun atau sistem kekebalan tubuh
