1,721,008 research outputs found
Imagery and perception in subjects with acquired brain damage
No full textLe immagini mentali sono un analogo della percezione? Studiando i pazienti con danni cerebrali, abbiamo visto che le menomazioni percettive sono spesso associate a limitazioni nella capacità di creare immagini (Farah 1988, 2000). Nella recente letteratura tuttavia sono riportati casi di doppia dissociazione, in cui funzioni percettive sono preservate e quelle immaginative danneggiate, o viceversa, funzioni percettive danneggiate ma intatta capacità immaginativa. Nel seguente studio l’obiettivo è indagare i rapporti tra la percezione e immaginazione in pazienti con danno cerebrale, in 5 diversi domini: forme, colori, volti, materiale ortografico e relazioni spaziali. Nel primo studio l'obiettivo era di esplorare le immagini mentali e la capacità di percezione visiva in pazienti con lesioni cerebrali attraverso una batteria di test sviluppata da Bachoud Levi, Bartolomeo, Chokron nel 2001 e adattata per il campione italiano da Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et al. (2008). In un secondo studio abbiamo indagato le relazioni tra imagery e stile cognitivo visualizzatore/verbalizzatore, proponendo 2 questionari (VVQ e QSVV). Infine in un terzo studio, attraverso indagini strumentali (DTI, TAC, RMN) in un gruppo di pazienti con danno focale e deficit specifici di imagery, abbiamo individuato le correlazioni tra deficit nei diversi domini dell’imagery e della percezione con i danni corrispondenti a livello neurale.Is imagery an analogous of perception? By studying patients with brain damage we saw that perceptual impairments are often associated to limitations in the ability to create images (Farah 1988, 2000). In recent literature we found cases of double dissociation, in which perceptual functions are preserved and those imaginative impaired or, vice versa, there are damaged perception functions but intact imaginative capacity.
We aim to investigate the relationships between perception and imagery in patients with brain damage, in 5 different domains: shapes, colour, faces, orthographic material and spatial relationships.
In the first study the aim was to explore mental imagery and visual perception skills in patients with brain injury through a battery of tests developed by Bachoud-Lèvi, Bartolomeo, Chokron in 2001, and readapted for the Italian sample by Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et aal (2008). In a second study we investigated the relationships between imagery test performance and visualizer/verbalizer cognitive style, detected by proposing 2 questionnaires (VVQ and QSVV). Finally in a third study, through instrumental investigations (DTI, TAC, MRI) in a group of patient with focal damage and specific imagery deficit, we aimed to correlate imagery and perception deficits to corresponding impairment in neural correlates
Visual and verbal styles in patients with acquired brain damage and cognitive deficits: a preliminary study.
No full textEmpowering Communication in Emergency Contexts: Reflections From the Italian Coronavirus Outbreak
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Interprofessional care to improve patient-centered approach in breast cancer: a case-report regarding the management of concomitant psychiatric symptomatology
No full textBatteria Immaginazione e Percezione (BIP) per la valutazione della cognizione visuo-spaziale - Italian translation and adaptation of the corresponding battery devised by P. Bartolomeo, A. C. Bachoud-Levi and S. Chokron at the INSERM, Paris.
No full textRegulation strategies during COVID-19 quarantine: The mediating effect of worry on the links between coping strategies and anxiety
No full textIntroduction: The COVID-19 outbreak forced Italian citizens into a generalized quarantine from March to May 2020. The quarantine is a successful measure to reduce the virus's spread through physical and social distancing, but it can also have negative psychological consequences on the population. People experience high levels of worry and anxiety and have to cope with the consequences of the health emergency. The aim of this study was to preliminarily assess the causal relations among coping, worry and state anxiety at the time of COVID-19 first wave, and the mediation role of worry between coping and state anxiety. Methods: During March 2020, 1273 Italian citizens completed an ad hoc online survey composed of sociodemographic and preoccupation-related questions, and standardized self-report questionnaire (Brief COPE, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State form). Three separate mediation models were performed. Results: The relationship between coping strategies (i.e.: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and dysfunctional coping) and state anxiety resulted to be mediated by worry. Dysfunctional and problem-focused coping had a negative effect on anxiety scores and this effect was amplified by high levels of worry. Emotion-focused coping reduced state anxiety scores through its effect on reducing the levels of worry, which in turn was related to a reduction in anxiety. Conclusion: The present study offers first evidence for the mediation role of worry in the relation between coping and anxiety during quarantine caused by COVID-19 pandemic. It supports the clinical importance of investigating people's coping strategies along with the levels of (cognitive) worry and their long-term effects on the psychological well-being during the outbreak, in order to deliver adequate personalized interventions. Psychological support should enhance emotion-focused coping strategies that have a protective effect on both worry and anxiety.Introduction
L’épidémie de COVID-19 a contraint les citoyens italiens à une quarantaine généralisée de mars à mai 2020. La quarantaine est une mesure efficace pour réduire la propagation du virus grâce à l’éloignement physique et social, mais elle peut également avoir des conséquences psychologiques négatives sur la population. Les gens éprouvent des niveaux élevés d’inquiétude et d’anxiété et doivent faire face aux conséquences de l’urgence sanitaire. Le but de cette étude a été d’évaluer de manière préliminaire les relations causales entre l’adaptation, l’inquiétude et l’anxiété d’état au moment de la première vague de COVID-19, et le rôle médiateur de l’inquiétude entre l’adaptation et l’anxiété d’état.
Méthodes
Au cours du mois de mars 2020, 1273 citoyens italiens ont rempli une enquête ad hoc en ligne composée de questions concernant des données socio-démographiques et liées aux préoccupations, et d’un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation standardisé (Brief COPE, Penn State Worry Questionnaire et State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, l’échelle d’anxiété – État). Trois modèles de médiation distincts ont été réalisés.
Résultats
La relation entre les stratégies d’adaptation (c’est-à-dire l’adaptation centrée sur le problème, l’adaptation centrée sur les émotions et l’adaptation dysfonctionnelle) et l’anxiété liée à l’état a été influencée par l’inquiétude. L’adaptation dysfonctionnelle et axée sur les problèmes a eu un effet négatif sur les scores d’anxiété et cet effet a été amplifié par des niveaux élevés d’inquiétude. L’adaptation axée sur les émotions a réduit les scores d’anxiété d’état par son effet sur la réduction des niveaux d’inquiétude, qui à son tour était liée à une réduction de l’anxiété.
Conclusion
La présente étude offre une première preuve du rôle médiateur de l’inquiétude dans la relation entre l’adaptation et l’anxiété pendant la quarantaine causée par la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle soutient l’importance clinique d’étudier les stratégies d’adaptation des personnes ainsi que les niveaux d’inquiétude (cognitive) et leurs effets à long terme sur le bien-être psychologique pendant l’épidémie, afin de fournir des interventions personnalisées adéquates. Le soutien psychologique devrait améliorer les stratégies d’adaptation axées sur les émotions qui ont un effet protecteur sur l’inquiétude et l’anxiété
Investigating cancer patient acceptance of Whole Body MRI
No full textBackground: Whole Body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) enables early cancer detection, without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. Our aim was to investigate patients’ acceptance of WB-MRI as a procedure for cancer staging and follow up. Materials and methods: 135 oncologic subjects participated to the study. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered before and after WB-MRI, to assess patient's confidence and concerns about WB-MRI, psychological reactions, experience and perceived utility of the procedure. Results: Before undergoing WB-MRI, about 58% of the patients were concerned for cancer progression outcome. 80.4% felt that they were given good information about the exam and the most informed group also perceived and higher level of utility of WB-MRI and no risk. Among people reporting discomfort with the exam (51.9%) the main reasons were noise and exam duration. Despite this, 80% of patients expressed high levels of satisfaction, and the majority (69%) judged WB-MRI more acceptable than other diagnostic exams. Patients who believed to have received more information before the exam rated their global satisfaction higher. Conclusion: Our results show that WB-MRI examinations were well-accepted and perceived with high levels of satisfaction by most patients. WB-MRI appears to be equally or more tolerable than other total body imaging modalities (e.g. PET, CT), especially if they receive enough information from the radiologist
A pilot study on aesthetic treatments performed by qualified aesthetic practitioners: efficacy on health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients
Full text linkPurpose Cancer treatments often produce undesirable side-effects, such as skin toxicity, impacting on everyday functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This experimental study sought to determine whether aesthetic products and treatments could significantly decrease perceived skin symptoms, psychological distress and improve skin-related QoL (SRQoL).
Methods An experimental group composed of 100 breast patients was enrolled for specialized aesthetic treatments at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) and compared to a control group of 70 breast patients who did not receive any aesthetic treatment. A measure of SRQoL (i.e., Skindex-16) and a distress thermometer were administered longitudinally at three time points: at baseline (T0), at 7 days from beginning of aesthetic treatment (T1) and at 28 days from beginning of aesthetic treatment (T2).
Results Results demonstrated the efficacy of aesthetic treatment in reducing distress and improving SRQoL: while the experimental group showed significant improvements in all HRQoL areas, the control group worsened. Specifically, at T1 and T2 there were significant improvements on distress and Skindex subscales in the experimental group, with an almost complete remission of perceived symptoms at T2. Moreover, all reported cutaneous reactions significantly improved after the specialized treatments, with no differences in SRQoL in skin reaction type.
Conclusions These findings demonstrate that aesthetic treatments for side-effects of cancer therapies can alleviate perceived distress and improve skin symptoms and HRQoL
Empowering Communication in Emergency Contexts: Reflections From the Italian Coronavirus Outbreak
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Let the individuals directly concerned decide: a solution to tragic choices in genetic risk information
No full textHealth-care systems as well as legislators and society seem largely unprepared to face and manage the massive production of genetic risk information. Ethics committees and professional bodies usually do not involve the individuals directly concerned in defining guidelines for genetic risk communication. Therefore, they do not always reflect people's needs and preferences. We argue in this article that we currently experience a cultural shift in medicine where individuals' concerns and preferences regarding genetic risk information are playing a more significant role than before, and that this should have some normative implications. We are going toward a situation where individual citizens are approached as consumers by personal genomics companies [Prainsack: Account Res 2011; 18: 132-147]. In clinical and research contexts, individuals are also increasingly informed about their own responsibilities for counterbalancing their genetic risk by making individual health care and lifestyle choices. In this situation, communication of genetic risk information may rather be regulated like traffic and markets in which consumers' decision-making power has a fundamental role in the management and regulation of how a service should be provided, as well as in the creation of policy and legislation. We acknowledge that markets may be different depending on different genetic conditions. For example, genetic risk communication for rare diseases, where a close relationship with clinicians is of paramount significance, should be differently regulated than personal genetic profiles of complex diseases, where contributing risk factors related to lifestyle are modifiable by the individual
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