836 research outputs found
Gastro-esophageal reflux in children
No full textGastro-esophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children and has a varied clinical presentation: from infants with innocent regurgitation to infants and children with severe esophageal and extra-esophageal complications that define pathological gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although the pathophysiology is similar to that of adults, symptoms of GERD in infants and children are often distinct from classic ones such as heartburn. The passage of gastric contents into the esophagus is a normal phenomenon occurring many times a day both in adults and children, but, in infants, several factors contribute to exacerbate this phenomenon, including a liquid milk-based diet, recumbent position and both structural and functional immaturity of the gastro-esophageal junction. This article focuses on the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of GERD that occurs in infants and children, based on available and current guidelines
Pharmacological interventions for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome
No full textIntroduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits in terms of both frequency and consistency. According to change in stool consistency it is categorized into 4 subtypes. From the etiological perspective, it is a combination of factors takes part in symptoms’ generation, the overall treatment response rate is often unsatisfactory if a multidisciplinary is not pursued. Areas covered: The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the current pharmacotherapy in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome in order to aid clinicians in treating this challenging disorder. Expert opinion: Most evidence involving pediatric populations rely on open label or retrospective studies and/or are not specifically designed for irritable bowel syndrome but tend to generalize their results to mixed populations of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. A high placebo response rate combined with poor patients’ selection could account for the overall weak evidence supporting the use of pharmacological agents in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. Given the multifaceted nature of the disorder, multidisciplinary approaches combining pharmacotherapy with alternative treatments is highly recommendable
Intra-and Inter-observer Agreement of High Resolution Antroduodenal Manometry in Pediatric Patients among Single Center Experts
No full textObjectives: Studies in adults have suggested that high-resolution technology increases the diagnostic yield of antroduodenal manometry (ADM). However, there is no study comparing high-resolution with low-resolution ADM recordings as well as comparing the 2 types of high-resolution display [conventional line plot (CLP) and pressure topographic plots (PTP)]. We hypothesized that high-resolution ADM is a superior diagnostic modality with higher inter-observer and intra-observer agreement compared with low-resolution recordings. Methods: Twenty-four anonymized ADM studies were blindly analyzed by 3 experienced pediatric neurogastroenterologists. All studies had been performed using a low-compliance water-perfused system with a 20-channels catheter. Data were displayed as CLP, as both high-resolution and low-resolution, and PTP in different sessions with at least 6-week interval. Accuracy was evaluated using previous established diagnosis and specific pre-prandial and post-prandial manometric patterns. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreements were calculated. Results: Analysis with high-resolution CLP revealed a substantial inter-observer agreement among the 3 observers regarding the diagnosis (Krippendorff's alpha: 0.832; average pairwise percentage agreement: 88.9%). Conversely, PTP and low-resolution CLP showed poor agreement for diagnoses (Krippendorff's alpha: 0.600; average pairwise percentage agreement: 75.3%; Krippendorff's alpha: 0.390; average pairwise percentage agreement: 60.2%, respectively). For the intra-observer agreement, Krippendorff's alpha ranges were 0.891-1 for CLP and 0.19393-0.34621 for PTP. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy for high-resolution ADM compared to the low-resolution recordings. However, although it is well established for other motility investigations, PTP is not yet reliable in assessing foregut motor patterns. Advanced and more sophisticated software are clearly required for analyzing PTP display
Bright Beacons? ALMA Non-detection of a Supposedly Bright [O i] 63 μm Line in a Redshift-6 Dusty Galaxy
Get PDFWe report a non-detection of the [O i] 63 μm emission line from the z = 6.03 galaxy G09.83808 using ALMA Band 9 observations, refuting the previously claimed detection with APEX by Rybak et al.; the new upper limit on the [O i] 63 μm flux is almost 20-times lower. [O i] 63 μm line could be a powerful tracer of neutral gas in the Epoch of Reionization: yet our null result shows that detecting [O i] 63 μm from z ≥ 6 galaxies is more challenging than previously hypothesized
New prognostistic markers of nodular forms of goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis
Get PDFSheremet М. І., Sydorchuk L. P., Shidlovskyi V. О., Bedenyuk A. D., Pashkovska N. V., Leonova M. O., Chorna O. O.,
Stankova N. I., Rybak O. V. New prognostistic markers of nodular forms of goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(3):475-482. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.399322
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4368
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017).
1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Author (s) 2017;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted,
non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 21.03.2017. Revised 22.03.2017. Accepted: 23.03.2017.
NEW PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF NODULAR FORMS OF GOITER COMBINED WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
М. І. Sheremet, L. P. Sydorchuk, V. О. Shidlovskyi*, A. D. Bedenyuk*,
N. V. Pashkovska, M. O. Leonova, O. O. Chorna, N. I. Stankova, O. V. Rybak
Department of surgery, Bukovinian State Medical University
* Department of surgery, I.Y. Horbachevskyi Ternopil State Medical University
Teatralna Sq. 2, Chernivtsi, 58002, Ukraine
Phone / fax (+38 0372) 55-37-54, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Based on the results of a histological study of removed TG tissue NGAIT was found in 10,4% of the patients [1, 2]. At the same time, we observe processes of both thyroid epithelium metaplasia and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia that, undoubtedly, can be considered as an optional precancerous condition [3-8]. The option when cytomorphological and immunocytochemical examinations are carried out sequentially, using the same smear of a puncture material is optimal for PCE [9].
Methods: We have carried out an immunohistochemical study by means of monoclonal antibodies against Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, P53 and Ki67 antigens using the thyroid gland puncture material.
Results: The results showed the degree of proliferative activity in the thyroid tissue in NGAIT. We found a high proliferative activity of lymphoid tissue, moderate proliferative activity of thyroid epithelial cells in the area of lymphoid infiltration and a low one – beyond the latter.
Conclusions: The pronounced expression of Fas and FasL on the thyroid epithelial cells in the area of lymphoid infiltration indirectly indicates that NGAIT causes the processes of thyroid epithelial cells apoptosis due to the immunity. Increasing the number of immunoreactive cells expressing Ki67 in the area of lymphoid infiltration and destruction of thyroid epithelial cells, are indicative of follicular epithelial regeneration as a compensatory-adaptive response of the organ. A pronounced Bsl-2 expression in lymphocytes prevents the cells from entering apoptosis and prolongs the cell survival time. There was a high expression of p53 protein in the nuclei of thyroid epithelial cells and follicular lamina, which can be explained by mutations in the gene p53, which allows the cells to find tolerance to apoptotic action of the immune system effectors.
Abbreviations: NGAIT - nodular goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis, TG – thyroid gland, PCE – preoperative cytological examination.
Key words: nodular goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis, fine needle biopsy, apoptosis, proliferation, thyroid gland
A Simplified Method for Upscaling Composite Materials with High Contrast of the Conductivity
No full textA large class of industrial composite materials, such as metal foams, fibrous glass materials, mineral wools, and the like, are widely used in insulation and advanced heat exchangers. These materials are characterized by a substantial difference between the thermal properties of the highly conductive materials (glass or metal) and the insulator (air) as well as low volume fractions and complex network-like structures of the highly conductive components. In this paper we address the important issue for the engineering practice of developing fast, reliable, and accurate methods for computing the macroscopic (upscaled) thermal conductivities of such materials. We assume that the materials have constant macroscopic thermal conductivity tensors, which can be obtained by upscaling techniques based on the postprocessing of a number of linearly independent solutions of the steady-state heat equation on representative elementary volumes (REVs). We propose, theoretically justify, and computationally study a numerical method for computing the effective conductivities of materials for which the ratio δ of low and high conductivities satisfies δ ≪ 1. We show that in this case one needs to solve the heat equation in the region occupied by the highly conductive media only. Further, we prove that under certain conditions on the microscale geometry the proposed method gives an approximation that is O(δ)-close to the upscaled conductivity. Finally, we illustrate the accuracy and the limitations of the method on a number of numerical examples. © 2009 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.Universitat Stuttgart, IANS, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 79569 Stuttgart, Germany ([email protected]). The work of this author was supported by project NTAS-30-50-4355 and by grant DAAD-PPP A/05/57218
Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 2. Formulation of experiments and practical applications
Get PDFGlobal glacier models provide a new way for studying glaciers on the regional and global scales. They make it possible to perform predictive experiments - for example, to forecast changes in glaciation and river runoff, and diagnostic ones – to identify regularities in the behavior of glaciers (a response time to climate change) taking account of their characteristics. The characteristics and design of global glacier models were described in the first part of the review (see Postnikova T.N., Rybak O.O. Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 1. General approach and model architecture. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow. 2021, 61 (4): 620–636. [In Russian]. doi: 10.31857/S2076673421040111.). In the second part, we present the methods for setting up of numerical experiments with these models, including model initialization, climate forcing, calibration, and validation procedures. The only way to provide the climate forcing of a glaciological model on a regional or global scale is to use low-resolution reanalysis or output of climate modeling on GCMs or RCMs that needs to use a process of scaling to reproduce the local climate in a complex topography where glaciers are usually located. Calibration of mass balance complements the downscaling of climate forcing for each glacier, and usually it includes parameters responsible for the glacier's response to climate change. Sampling from the Latin hypercube and Bayesian inversion are some of the methods discussed in this connection. In this review we present a comparative description of the selected global glaciological models, the results obtained by both diagnostic and prognostic ones, as well as scale and significance of them. We discuss also ways for further development of global glacier models, in particular the inclusion of 3D-modeling and the moraine (debris cover) block. The difficulties arising in a process of modeling glaciation of a particular mountain region or several regions are noted
The detection by conductivity of he effect of protein tagging on immobilisation within monolith columns and development of a novel free sialic acid detector
Get PDFWykorzystanie współczynnika bioakumulacji (bcf) w ocenie skażenia wód metalami ciężkimi na przykładzie słodkowodnej populacji Ulva ze zbiornika maltańskiego w Poznaniu
Get PDFBadania finansowano z grantu MNiSW numer N N 304 013 437 oraz projektu GDWB-07/2011. Współautor - Andrzej Rybak jest stypendystą w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego (działanie 8.2.2 PO KL).W ostatnich stuleciach w wyniku wzmożonej działalności gospodarczej człowieka do wód morskich i słodkich dostają się coraz wyższe ładunki metali ciężkich. Wraz ze ściekami komunalnymi i przemysłowymi metale te dostając się z wodami rzek i kanałów do jezior i mórz stają się przyczyną wielu problemów, wpływając przede wszystkim na stabilność w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów wodnych i zamieszkujących je organizmów.
Wykorzystanie organizmów jako bioindykatorów dla skażenia wód metalami ciężkimi jest bardzo powszechne. Zarówno glony, jak i bezkręgowce są zdolne do akumulowania metali w swoich tkankach. Niejednokrotnie akumulacja przebiega bardzo wydajnie, przez co koncentracja metali w tkankach może być nawet kilka tysięcy razy większa, niż stężenie tych samych metali w wodzie, czy osadzie z bezpośredniego otoczenia (Bryan i Langstrom, 1992; Föster, 1976; Rai i in., 1981).
Również makroglony wykorzystuje się w monitoringu zanieczyszczenia wód metalami ciężkimi (Phillips, 1977; Lobban i Harrison, 1997). Z pośród makroglonów stosuje się w tym procesie gatunki należące zarówno do krasnorostów (Muse i in., 1995), brunatnic (Bryan i Hummerston, 1973) jak i zielenic (Villares i in., 2001, 2002; Orduna-Rojas i Langoria-Esponoza, 2006). Z powyższych grup systematycznych największą wydolność w akumulowaniu metali posiadają zielenice, a najmniejszą krasnorosty (Al-Shwafi i Rushdi, 2008). W monitoringu skażenia metalami ciężkimi najczęściej wykorzystuje się taksony z gromady zielenic (Chlorophyta). Z kolei w obrębie tej gromady najpełniej pod względem bioakumulacji zbadano morskie gatunki z rodzaju Ulva (błonica) (Ulvophyce, Ulvaceae) (Ho, 1990; Say i in., 1990; Haritonidis i Malea, 1999).
W badaniach dotyczących bioakumulacji metali ciężkich przez gatunki z rodzaju Ulva nie wykorzystywano do tej pory populacji słodkowodnych tych taksonów, rozwijających się w ekosystemach takich jak: rzeki, stawy, jeziora czy strumienie. Słodkowodne stanowiska błonic obserwowano już od około 1895 roku i do tej pory na terenie Polski stwierdzono obecność 83 stanowisk (Messyasz i Rybak, 2009), Stanów Zjednoczonych ~ 30 stanowisk (Taft, 1964; Reinke, 1981) i Czech ~ 20 stanowisk (Mareš, 2009). We wszystkich wymienionych stanowiskach obserwowano jedynie taksony o plesze tubokształtnej w zarysie i jednokomórkowej szerokości w przekroju poprzecznym (np. U. flexuosa subsp. pilifera M. J. Wynne). Gatunków o plesze liściokształtnej i o dwukomórkowej szerokości (np. U. lactuca L.) nie odnotowano jak dotąd w ekosystemach słodkowodnych (Messyasz i Rybak, 2009).W odniesieniu do mórz i oceanów przeprowadzono już znaczną ilość badań dotyczących oceny stopnia skażenia ich wód przez metale ciężkie przy wykorzystaniu gatunków z rodzaju Ulva. Niestety brak jest danych o możliwościach wykorzystania słodkowodnych populacji Ulva w ocenie skażeń słodkowodnych wód powierzchniowych, szczególnie takich ekosystemów jak jeziora, czy rzeki.
Celem pracy było uzyskanie szczegółowych informacji o możliwości zastosowania słodkowodnej populacji błonicy w biomonitornigu i ocenie skażenia wód powierzchniowych z wykorzystaniem współczynnika bioakumulacji (BCF - biocencentration factor).Badania finansowano z grantu MNiSW numer N N 304 013 437 oraz projektu GDWB-07/2011. Współautor - Andrzej Rybak jest stypendystą w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego (działanie 8.2.2 PO KL)
The role of milk proteins in the structure formation of dairy products
No full textIntroduction. The structure of dairy products is a
complex of proteins, fat, minerals and water that
determines the texture and sensory properties of the
product.
Material and methods. The fermented milks (using
the example of yogurt), cheese, ice cream, aerated milk and
frozen fruit desserts have been researched. Scientific
articles, published during 2000 and 2014 years, as well as
theses and monographs of dairy science have been analysed
too. Methodology of the investigation is based upon the use
of the methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis.
Results and discussion. The scientific understanding
of the milk proteins’ role in the structure formation of
dairy product has been summarized. Negligible changes of
structure as a result of compositional or technological
changes can lead to shifts in the stability, texture and
rheology of products, which are closely related to each
other. The allowance of these properties has significant
influence on the manufacturing.
Acid coagulation is a major functional property of milk
proteins, which used in the structure formation of cheese and
fermented dairy products. However, the form and properties of
milk curd depend on the heat treatment of milk before
fermentation. Milk proteins exhibit other functional properties
(emulsification and partial coalescence o f fatglobules, aeration
and foam stability during a churning, viscosity increasing of
external phase) in the development of structure in the ice cream,
aerated milk and frozen fruit desserts.
Conclusions.It is expedient to use results into a further
study of the structure formation mechanism of dairy
products and the development of recommendations in
order to an efficient production
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