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PENERAPAN TEKNIK TOKEN ECONOMY DENGAN RESPONSE COST SYSTEM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN SHALAT BERJAMAAH SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUL AMAN GOMBARA MAKASSAR
Get PDFNurul Mutmainnah, 2019. Penerapan Teknik Token Economy dengan Response
Cost System untuk Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Shalat Berjamaah Santri Pondok
Pesantren Darul Aman Gombara Makassar. Skripsi. Dibimbing oleh Dr. Abdullah
Pandang, M. Pd dan Prof. Dr. Syamsul Bachri Thalib, M. Si. Fakultas Ilmu
Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Makassar.
Penelitian ini menelaah penerapan teknik token economy dengan response cost
system untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan santri dalam melaksanakan kegiatan
shalat berjamaah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Aman Gombara Makassar. Masalah
penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimanakah gambaran kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah
santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Aman Gombara Makassar? (2) Bagaimanakah
gambaran pelaksanaan teknik token economy dengan response cost system untuk
meningkatkan kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah santri? (3) Apakah penerapan teknik
token economy dengan response cost system dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan
shalat berjamaah santri? Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui: (1)
Gambaran kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Aman
Gombara Makassar, (2) Gambaran pelaksanaan teknik token economy dengan
response cost system dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah santri,
(3) Teknik token economy dengan response cost system dapat meningkatkan
kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah santri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian
kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen Single Subject Research. Subjek
penelitian sebanyak 2 santri dengan inisial M dan AF. Teknik pengumpulan data
menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis
deskriptif dan analisis visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tingkat
kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah sebelum diberikan teknik token economy berada
pada kategori rendah. (2) Penerapan teknik token economy dengan response cost
system dilakukan selama 3 minggu dengan pemberian token 5 hari acak dalam
seminggu dengan 5 tahap sesuai skenario. Pada sesi pertama pengukuran dalam
kondisi intervensi (B) jauh meningkat dibandingkan pada sesi sebelumnya lalu
kemudian grafik terus meningkat hingga akhir pemberian perlakuan. (3)
Penerapan teknik token economy dengan response cost system meningkatkan
kedisiplinan shalat berjamaah santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Aman Gombara
Makassar
Analisis Etika Dalam Interaksi Sosial Mahasiswa: Nur Intan Nirwang, A Nurul Mutmainnah
No full textThis study will explain the analysis of student social interaction by providing several questions including asking about senior level interactions between junior levels. The method in our research used a qualitative approach, in this case in-depth interviews. The purpose of this in-depth discussion is for us to take an approach so that we can find out how the seniors think about their juniors and vice versa. In a senior and junior socialization cycle, we are familiar with it because basically there are senior and junior cycles that can be said to be beneficial and detrimental, besides that in the senior-junior cycle, juniors will definitely provide learning from their seniors which will add insight to the seniors and juniors. his junior. Being a senior is basically not easy because one of the roles as a senior is to be an example for juniors and mentors in things that are not yet known by their juniors. Besides that, not only knowledge but in speech and ethics are important things that need to be shot because when juniors don't have ethics and say the wrong words, juniors will follow and apply.Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan analasis interaksi sosial mahasiswa dengan memberikan beberapa pertanyaan di antaranya menanyakan tentang intraksi tingkat senior antara tingkat junior. Metode dalam penelitian kami menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif, dalam hal ini adalah wawancara mendalam. Wawancara mendalam ini bertujuan agar kami melakukan pendekatan agar dapat mengetahui bagaimana pendapat senior terhadap juniornya dan begitupun sebaliknya. Dalam sebuah siklus sosialisasi senior dan junior sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita karena pada dasarnya siklus senior dan junior ada yang dapat dikatakan mengungtungkan da nada merugikan, selain itu dalam siklus senior junior, junior pasti akan diberikan sebuah pembelajaran dari seniornya yang mana untuk menambah wawasan bagi juniornya. Menjadi seorang senior pada dasarnya tidak mudah karena peran sebagai senior salah satunya menjadi contoh bagi juniornya dan pembimbing dalam hal yang belum di ketahui oleh junionya. Selain itu bukan hanya pengetahuan tapi dalam tutur kata dan etika adalah hal penting yang perlu di ajarkan karena saat junior tidak mempunyai etika dan bertutur kata yang salah maka juniornya akan mengukuti dan menerapkan
Social Conflict and Covid-19 (Case Study of Religious Activities in Parepare): Muhammad Fajar, A. Nurul Mutmainnah, Abd Rasyid
No full textThe life of the religious community cannot be separated from religious activities in this case the Covid-19 pandemic in religious activities did not escape social changes in religious communities, especially in the City of Parepare. Thus, in this study trying to analyze the conflicts and power relations that occur in the community with various religious activities from various existing religions. This research is a qualitative method with a data approach in the form of narratives, stories, expressions from informants. Meanwhile, the type of research used is a case study. Informants in the research based on the needs in this study include religious leaders, government officials, the community and discourses that narrate about conflicts and power relations.Research shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ideal of worshiping in congregation has changed drastically. Routine worship is no longer carried out in mosques, churches, or monasteries but is carried out in their respective homes. The people involved are also very limited, in this case it only involves family members who are at home. Based on knowledge and power, it is also closely related to the power relations between the government, religious leaders, and the community. The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic requires an open and “flexible” attitude for religious people to combine two different interests. When religious teachings command to worship communally in the face of various government regulations, many things should be compromised.Kehidupan masyarakat beragama tidak lepas dari kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan, dalam hal ini masa pandemi Covid-19 dalam kegiatan kegamaan tak luput dari perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat beragama terutama di Kota Parepare. Dengan demikian dalam penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis konflik serta relasi kuasa yang terjadi pada masyarakat dengan beragam kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan dari berbagai agama-agama yang ada. Penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan data berbentuk narasi, cerita, ungkapan dari informan. Sementara Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian berdasar pada kebutuhan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya tokoh agama, aparat pemerintah, masyarakat serta wacana yang menarasikan tentang konflik dan relasi kekuasaan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa pandemi covid-19 idealitas beribadah secara berjamaah mengalami berubah drastis. Pelaksanaan ibadah rutin tidak lagi dilakukan di masjid, gereja, atau vihara tetapi dilaksanakan di rumah masing-masing. Orang yang terlibat pun sangat terbatas, dalam hal ini hanya melibatkan anggota keluarga yang ada di rumah. Didasari oleh pengetahuan dan kekuasaan hal tersebut juga sangat bersangkutan dengan relasi kuasa antara pemerintah, tokoh agama, dan masyarakat. Kondisi pandemi covid-19 membutuhkan sikap yang terbuka dan “fleksibel” bagi umat beragama untuk memadukan dua kepentingan yang berbeda. Ketika ajaran agama memerintahkan untuk beribadah secara komunal diperhadapkan pada ragam aturan pemerintah, maka banyak hal yang sebaiknya dikompromikan
Practice and awareness of Salat obligation during hospital admission among female Muslim patients in obstetrics & gynaecology
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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