1,880 research outputs found
Ask questions, get sales : close the deak and create long-term relationships / Stephan Schiffman.
No full textIncludes index.v, 168 pages ;In Ask Questions, Get Sales, the author and sales guru Stephan Schiffman helps readers boost their careers to the gold-medal level by teaching them how to strengthen their questioning skills during the sales process. The premise is simple yet effective: In order to be successful, salespeople need to change their mindset from "need-orientated" to "do-orientated". The message of the book centers around six core "do" questions: What do you do? How do you do it? When and where do you do it? Why do you do it that way? Who do you do it with? How can we help you do it better? With this indispensable guide in their briefcase, salespeople will have information at the ready to score big sales over the short term and the long term
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Essential Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
No full textImpaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) functions contribute to increased infections and cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic toxins reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels and the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of H2S. Its biosynthesis occurs as a side process of transsulfuration and in the disposal of adenosylhomocysteine, a transmethylation inhibitor and proposed uremic toxin. PMNL chemotaxis was measured by the under-agarose method, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by flow cytometry in whole blood and apoptosis by determining DNA content by flow cytometry and morphological features by fluorescence microscopy. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), diallyl trisulphide (DATS) and diallyl disulphide (DADS), cysteine, and GYY4137 were used as H2S-producing substances. Increased H2S concentrations did not affect chemotaxis and phagocytosis. NaHS primed PMNL oxidative burst activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or E. coli. Both DATS and cysteine significantly decreased E. coli-activated oxidative burst but had no effect on PMA stimulation. While NaHS, DADS, and cysteine attenuated PMNL apoptosis, GYY4137 decreased their viability. Experiments with signal transduction inhibitors suggest that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is mainly involved in GYY4137-induced PMNL apoptosis and that GYY4137 and cysteine target signaling downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Effects of hydrogen sulfide on polymorphonuclear leukocytes
No full textHintergrund: Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung leiden unter einem abgeschwächten Immunsystem. Ein wesentlicher Teil der unspezifischen Immunabwehr wird hierbei von den polymorphonukleären Leukozyten (PMNL) gebildet. Bedingt durch die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion liegt Hydrogensulfid (H2S), ein gasförmiger Botenstoff, in reduzierter Konzentration vor. In dieser Studie wurde der Effekt von H2S auf unterschiedliche Funktionen von PMNL untersucht.
Methoden: Der Einfluss von H2S auf oxidativen Burst, Apoptose, Phagozytose und Oberflächenmarkern von PMNL wurde in vitro mittels Durchflusszytometrie bestimmt. Die Chemotaxis wurde mit der Unter-Agarose Methode getestet.
Ergebnisse: H2S verringert den spontanen apoptotischen Zelltod von PMNL. Oxidativer Burst, stimuliert durch E.coli und Phorbol-myristat-acetat (PMA), wurde in Gegenwart von H2S verstärkt. Die Phagozytosefähigkeit von PMNL zeigt sich ebenfalls erhöht unter H2S, während Chemotaxis und die Expression von CD11b, CD18, CD14 und CD62L unbeeinflusst blieben.
Schlussfolgerung: Die erhobenen Daten zeigen, dass H2S unter in vitro Bedingungen modulierend auf Funktionen von PMNL wirkt. Sowohl bei Apoptose, oxidativem Burst und Phagozytose ließen sich Effekte von H2S messen. Einzig Chemotaxis und die Expression von Oberflächenmarkern blieben unbeeindruckt. Folglich scheinen verminderte Plasmaspiegel von H2S das Immunsystem von Patientin mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion zu beeinflussen.Background: The immune system, represented by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) as key actor in the nonspecific immune defence, is compromised in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous mediator, is diminished as a result of reduced kidney function. This study focuses on the effect of H2S on selected functions of PMNL.
Methods: The effect of H2S on oxidative burst, apoptosis, phagocytosis and surface marker expression of PMNL from healthy individuals was measured in vitro by fluorescence flow cytometry. Chemotaxis was assessed with the under-agarose method.
Results: H2S reduced the spontaneous apoptotic cell death of PMNL. The oxidative burst stimulated by E.coli and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was increased in the presence of H2S. H2S also increased the phagocytotic activity of PMNL, whereas chemotaxis and the expression of CD11b, CD18, CD14 and CD62L were not affected.
Conclusion: Our data shows that H2S modulates PMNL functions in vitro. Apoptosis, oxidative burst, and phagocytosis were affected by this gaseous mediator, whereas chemotaxis and surface marker expression were not changed. Therefore, the decreased level of H2S may play a role in the impaired immune system of CKD patients.eingereicht von Stephan NoppAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersMedizinische Universität Wien, Diplomarb., 2018(VLID)268695
Effekte von Hydrogensulfid auf polymorphonukleäre Leukozyten
No full textHintergrund: Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung leiden unter einem abgeschwächten Immunsystem. Ein wesentlicher Teil der unspezifischen Immunabwehr wird hierbei von den polymorphonukleären Leukozyten (PMNL) gebildet. Bedingt durch die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion liegt Hydrogensulfid (H2S), ein gasförmiger Botenstoff, in reduzierter Konzentration vor. In dieser Studie wurde der Effekt von H2S auf unterschiedliche Funktionen von PMNL untersucht.
Methoden: Der Einfluss von H2S auf oxidativen Burst, Apoptose, Phagozytose und Oberflächenmarkern von PMNL wurde in vitro mittels Durchflusszytometrie bestimmt. Die Chemotaxis wurde mit der Unter-Agarose Methode getestet.
Ergebnisse: H2S verringert den spontanen apoptotischen Zelltod von PMNL. Oxidativer Burst, stimuliert durch E.coli und Phorbol-myristat-acetat (PMA), wurde in Gegenwart von H2S verstärkt. Die Phagozytosefähigkeit von PMNL zeigt sich ebenfalls erhöht unter H2S, während Chemotaxis und die Expression von CD11b, CD18, CD14 und CD62L unbeeinflusst blieben.
Schlussfolgerung: Die erhobenen Daten zeigen, dass H2S unter in vitro Bedingungen modulierend auf Funktionen von PMNL wirkt. Sowohl bei Apoptose, oxidativem Burst und Phagozytose ließen sich Effekte von H2S messen. Einzig Chemotaxis und die Expression von Oberflächenmarkern blieben unbeeindruckt. Folglich scheinen verminderte Plasmaspiegel von H2S das Immunsystem von Patientin mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion zu beeinflussen.Background: The immune system, represented by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) as key actor in the nonspecific immune defence, is compromised in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous mediator, is diminished as a result of reduced kidney function. This study focuses on the effect of H2S on selected functions of PMNL.
Methods: The effect of H2S on oxidative burst, apoptosis, phagocytosis and surface marker expression of PMNL from healthy individuals was measured in vitro by fluorescence flow cytometry. Chemotaxis was assessed with the under-agarose method.
Results: H2S reduced the spontaneous apoptotic cell death of PMNL. The oxidative burst stimulated by E.coli and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was increased in the presence of H2S. H2S also increased the phagocytotic activity of PMNL, whereas chemotaxis and the expression of CD11b, CD18, CD14 and CD62L were not affected.
Conclusion: Our data shows that H2S modulates PMNL functions in vitro. Apoptosis, oxidative burst, and phagocytosis were affected by this gaseous mediator, whereas chemotaxis and surface marker expression were not changed. Therefore, the decreased level of H2S may play a role in the impaired immune system of CKD patients.eingereicht von Stephan NoppAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersMedizinische Universität Wien, Diplomarb., 201
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
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