1,720,972 research outputs found
UAVS as a platform for earthwork heritage: monitoring, documentation and visualisation
Get PDFConservation of Cultural Heritage has been a mainstay of UNESCO and other such organisations for decades, whether it is artefacts, buildings, or earthworks. With the increase of tourism, urban encroachment, climate change, or naturally occurring processes, the need to monitor and document earthwork heritage sites should be a priority. The increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in wider research across disciplines has opened a cost-effective method of data collection for disciplines like geography, geology and archaeology, all subjects that use aerial imagery.The landscape of the Peak District has a diverse history still remaining and visible that is of increasing interest to tourists. By demonstrating the use of UAV derived imagery for monuments, this investigation establishes that UAVs can provide high resolution imagery of monuments within the landscape. This is particularly useful considering the possible costs incurred and when a minimum area requirement can limit access to satellite imagery. From there, it establishes that the contemporary data can be utilised to estimate modelled topographies of heritage sites prior to construction. This topography utilises data from the contemporary site in order to rebuild the monument, which was achieved using both remnant data and measurements provided by earlier researchers. The rebuilds and contemporary sites can be used for volumetric analysis, to understand change that may have occurred over time. Organisations dedicated to the conservation, preservation and documentation of earthwork heritage can utilise the methodology in a cost-effective way to monitor as often as is needed to protect them. Finally, it is discussed how these digital heritage images and other types of visualisation can be used not only within academic research, but also to provide access to the public who cannot reach these sites, or do not feel comfortable doing so, as well as defining how the created images, both 3D and 2D, can be used to make the public aware of heritage
Migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change - the northern Nigeria context
Get PDFClimate change adverse effects lead to the displacement of populations and migration-used as an adaptation strategy. The negative impact is pronounced in that institutions tasked with the control and safeguarding of humans affected, and their security lacks the capacity, leading to mass migration to the transit and receiving areas, resulting in resource contestations aggravating conflict among groups. Therefore, this study examines the migration process as an adaptation strategy and the implications for 'sending,' 'transit,' and 'receiving' areas, focusing on a case study in Nigeria. The empirical findings highlighted how the drivers of existing migration streams are sensitive to climate change in Nigeria by relying on NVivo-assisted qualitative analysis of twelve in-depth interviews, combined with two Focus Group discussions (FGDs) conducted in Nogoa, Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria, incorporating policy analysis, producing novel conceptual insights into the intertwining of climate change, migration and adaptive capacity of people, illustrating that climate change cause migration of people to the southern parts less affected by the adverse effects of climate change, which can impinge on resources, water and land. Although other studies have investigated this phenomenon, Nigeria remains less studied. As such, this study delves deeper into the Nigerian context and offers a robust and multidisciplinary investigation of climate change-induced internal migration as an adaptation strategy, offering a meaningful understanding of individual behaviours/decision-making concerning migration using conceptual frameworks. Adopting the contextualisation paradigm, I examined environmental and socio-contextual factors in migration systems of individuals, households, and pastoralists from the sending region-north to transit and destination area-south, transforming to conflict destabilising the relative peace of Nigeria. From a theoretical perspective, I espouse and apply Sustainable Livelihood, Eco-Violence, and Frustration Aggression theoretical frameworks to investigate/establish the displacement of populations and climate induced-internal migration as an adaptation strategy in Nigeria, which my findings ultimately help reshape our understanding
Combining historical cartography and GIS to unravel the mysteries of the Isabel II dam in Níjar (Almería)
No full textLa presa de Isabel II, también conocida como Pantano de Níjar, es una de las obras hidráulicas más impresionantes del siglo XIX en la Península Ibérica, pero también es un excelente ejemplo de cómo al ignorar los condicionantes climáticos y geológicos, grandes obras de ingeniería pueden ser económicamente desastrosas. Después de ser inaugurado en el año 1850, los altos niveles de erosión de la cuenca inutilizaron la presa en un período muy corto de tiempo, durante el cual el embalse se llenó de depósitos sedimentarios en lugar de agua. Este colmatamiento rápido de la presa ha sido estudiado a fondo por varios investigadores pero, debido a que ésta ha estado llena de sedimentos durante más de 100 años, ha sido imposible saber cómo era la cuenca antes de que fuera construida o exactamente cuánto material hay retenido. Sin embargo, los planos históricos del embalse, así como vistas y mapas de la zona siguen siendo accesibles, lo que permite tener una idea exacta de cómo era el paisaje antes de su construcción. Cuando esta información histórica se combina con el uso de técnicas de SIG y de trabajo de campo es posible lograr mejores niveles de comprensión sobre por qué la presa se colmató tan rápido y qué cantidad de sedimentos contiene el embalse. Al recrear en 3D la antigua cuenca del embalse de hace 160 años y compararla con la actual se obtienen respuestas a algunas de estas preguntas, mientras que surgen nuevas cuestiones no consideradas aún.The Isabel II dam or Pantano de Níjar is one of the most impressive 19th century hydraulic works in the Iberian Peninsula, but it is also a prime example of how by ignoring the climatic and geological conditionings major engineering works can be economically disastrous. After being inaugurated in the year 1850, high levels of sediment yield caused the dam to become useless in a very short period of time as the lake progressively became filled with sedimentary deposits instead of water. This quick filling of the dam has been thoroughly studied by many current researchers, but since the dam has been full of sediment for over 150 years it has been impossible for them to know how the basin was like before the dam was built or exactly how much material is retained by the dam. However, the plans of the dam, together with views and maps of the area have survived the test of time and are still accessible, which allows having an accurate idea of how the previous landscape of the area was. When this historical information is combined with the use of modern GIS techniques and fieldwork it is possible to achieve better levels of understanding of why the dam got filled so fast, how did it happen and how much sediment the dam holds. By recreating in 3D how this area was like 160 years ago and how it is now this research provides answers to some of these questions, while rising new issues which had not been considered yet.The author would like to thank the Geography Department of the University of Leicester for the financial support given to perform the field work required to complete this research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Census data and PPGIS: housing in the Kingston Metropolitan Region, Jamaica
No full textJamaica, like many other former colonies (Broch-Due, 2005), has had turbulent times since its independence in 1962. Urban areas, and especially Kingston, Jamaica’s capital city with a population of over 600,000 people, have suffered from gang and political violence since the end of the seventies and specially the eighties, and that, together with the colonial urban division background, has helped to create social segregation throughout the city. By using housing census data, and the subsequent aggregation and classification of it, this paper intends to describe and explain the social segregation of the city and how it is distributed throughout space. This data has been mapped to allow the study of the spatial distribution of social status using traditional GIS methods, but also cartograms have been used to expand the scope of the study. Ways of making the results available are explored and a web based PPGIS has been created in order to allow citizens to become an active part of the research process and make results available. The PPGIS system also allows Kingstonians to create and participate in virtual communities which help to share experiences between people from rival neighbourhoods
Cartografía histórica como herramienta para el estudio urbano. El caso de los cuarterones de Garriga i Roca
Get PDFL’any 1858 l’Ajuntament de Barcelona va encarregar a l’arquitecte Miquel Garriga i Roca que realitzés l’aixecament d’un plànol topogràfic de l’interior de la ciutat. Aquest, va elaborar una sèrie de 119 plànols amb una escala de gran detall, 1:250, que són coneguts com els “Quarterons Garriga i Roca”. Aquests plànols suposen una finestra a la Barcelona dins muralles de mitjans del segle xix, ja que el seu elevat nivell de detall i la seva qualitat geomètrica permeten atansar la trama urbana i cadastral barcelonina a l’investigador contemporani. Mitjançant l’ús dels SIG es pot integrar aquesta cartografia històrica amb mapes actuals per tal d’analitzar com ha evolucionat l’urbanisme del districte municipal de Ciutat Vella en els darrers 150 anys. En aquest cas, mitjançant l’ús d’una sèrie de quarterons pilot, s’explora quin és el millor mètode per a assolir una integració satisfactòria entre ambdues bases cartogràfiques i quins reptes cal superar per a fer-ho amb èxit.Paraules clau: quarterons, Barcelona, GIS, cartografia històrica.In the year 1858 the Barcelona City Council commissioned the architect Miquel Garriga i Roca with the creation of a topographic map of the city confined within the city walls. As a result he produced 119 very detailed maps with a scale of 1:250 which areknown as the “Quarterons Garriga i Roca”. Due to their high level of detail and geometric quality these plans are a window to the past which can be used by scholars to study how Barcelona was. By using GIS these maps can be integrated with current cartography and therefore analyse in detail how the city’s urban fabric has changed in the last 150 years. By using a series of selected quarterons this paper explores which is the best method to integrate past and current cartography and which challenges must be overcome inorder to do it successfully.Keywords: Quarterons, Barcelona, GIS, Historical Cartography.El año 1858 el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona encargó al arquitecto Miquel Garriga i Roca que realizara el levantamiento de un plano topográfico del interior de la ciudad. Éste elaboró una serie de 119 planos en una escala de gran detalle, 1:250, que son conocidos como los “Cuarterones Garriga i Roca”. Estos planos suponen una ventana a la Barcelona del interior de las murallas a mediados del siglo xix, ya que su gran detalle y su calidad geométrica permiten acercar la trama urbana y catastral barcelonesa al investigador contemporáneo. Mediante el uso de los SIG se puede integrar esta cartografía histórica con mapas actuales para analizar cómo ha evolucionado el urbanismo del distrito municipal de Ciutat Vella en los últimos 150 años. En este caso, mediante el uso de una serie de cuarterones piloto, se explora cuál es el mejor método para lograr una integración satisfactoria entre ambas bases cartográficas y qué retos hay que superar para hacerlo con éxito.Palabras clave: cuarterones, Barcelona, GIS, cartografía histórica
Vistes panoràmiques, cartes militars i plànols urbanístics a Barcelona del segle XVI al XIX: Edited by Ramon Grau and Carme Montaner. Barcelona: Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya, 2020. ISBN 978-84-9156-303-7. Pp. 250, illus. Euro €33.65.
No full text- …
