272 research outputs found
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIntroductionThe West Bank in the Palestinian Territories is undergoing an epidemiologic transition. We provide a general description of mortality from all causes, focusing on chronic disease mortality in adults.MethodsMortality data analyzed for our study were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health in the West Bank for 1999 through 2003. Individual information was obtained from death notification forms.ResultsA total of 27,065 deaths were reported for 1999 through 2003 in the West Bank, Palestinian Territories. Circulatory diseases were the main cause of death (45%), followed by cancer (10%) and unintentional injuries (7%). Among men, the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were due to diseases of the circulatory system, cancer, and unintentional injuries. Among women, the highest ASMRs were due to circulatory disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Of the circulatory diseases, the highest ASMRs for men were due to acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. ASMRs attributable to circulatory system diseases were similar for women. Lung cancer was the largest cause of cancer mortality for men; breast cancer was the largest cause for women.ConclusionBecause of the high mortality rates, the risk factors associated with chronic diseases in the Palestinian Territories must be ascertained. Medical and public health policies and interventions need to be reassessed, giving due attention to this rise in modern-day diseases in this area
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textAustin E. Schumacher, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Amirali Aali, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Akram Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Ame Mehadi Abdurehman, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse M. Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, E. S. Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu Rumeileh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Juan Manuel Acuna, Tim Adair, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Abiola Victor Adepoju, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Wirawan Adikusuma, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Abel Afework, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Ali Afraz, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Olufemi Ajumobi, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Karolina Akinosoglou, Sreelatha Akkala, Samuel Akyirem, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Ammar Al Homsi, Mohammad Al Qadire, Moein Ala, Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O. Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Zufishan Alam, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T. AlBataineh, Robert W. Aldridge, Sharifullah Alem
Carga mundial, regional y nacional de ictus, 1990-2016: Un análisis sistemático de la carga global de la enfermedad. Estudio 2016
No full textBackground Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of treatment and post-stroke care are substantial. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic, comparable method of quantifying health loss by disease, age, sex, year, and location to provide information to health systems and policy makers on more than 300 causes of disease and injury, including stroke. The results presented here are the estimates of burden due to overall stroke and ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke from GBD 2016.Antecedentes El accidente cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y discapacidad en todo el mundo y los costos económicos del tratamiento y la atención posterior al accidente cerebrovascular son considerables. El Estudio de la Carga Global de Enfermedades, Lesiones y Factores de Riesgo (GBD, por sus siglas en inglés) proporciona un método sistemático y comparable para cuantificar la pérdida de salud por enfermedad, edad, sexo, año y ubicación para brindar información a los sistemas de salud y a los responsables políticos sobre más de 300 causas. de enfermedades y lesiones, incluyendo apoplejía. Los resultados que se presentan aquí son las estimaciones de la carga debida al accidente cerebrovascular general y al accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y hemorrágico de GBD 2016.Johnson, Catherine Owens-597e731e-c599-45bf-8e0a-fe0c59ccc1a8-0Nguyen, Minh-bc95a4a9-a02b-470f-ab4d-97d94b0926c8-0Roth, Gregory A-61371630-7c04-4023-8775-8c7b4f280125-0Nichols, Emma-0c09b224-4e34-434b-b79d-55ba8ab7fb01-0Alam, Tahiya-77c46441-8a47-4a50-82f2-e88a2b140093-0Abate, Degu-3ef4b67e-d984-47fb-8d9d-e04de0529398-0Abd-Allah, Foad-a9af1a20-8108-4516-9f91-d10165af1f4b-0Abdelalim, Ahmed-24b9c9a8-a8cc-4b3c-90e4-5956cbbb33ab-0Abraha, Haftom Niguse-46ed7f44-51af-44ca-bb01-cb959b9177b2-0Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME-61353fc4-ac87-4080-9cde-7bee92084d63-0Alvis-Guzman, Nelson-8bd90d52-51ab-4917-ad57-b2424f106eac-
Palestinian women's pregnancy intentions: Analysis and critique of the Demographic and Health Survey 2004
No full textThe quality of reports of medical and public health research from Palestinian institutions : a systematic review
No full textResearch reports are the most common way to communicate research findings for target readerships. Complete, accurate and transparent reporting of research studies facilitates dissemination, interpretation, translation and replication of research findings. Inadequate reporting has major consequences for clinicians, researchers, policy makers and ultimately patients. It impairs critical assessment of the validity, relevance and trustworthiness of research and so impedes its use in practice. It also limits the usability of study findings by other researchers conducting
systematic reviews and meta-analyses and building on or replicating studies. In addition, inadequate reporting is one of the key contributors to avoidable waste in biomedical research. Researchers thus have an ethical obligation to research participants, funding organisations and society as a whole to report their findings in ways that are of use in practice and policy makin
The range and nature of reproductive health research in the occupied Palestinian territory: a scoping review
No full textBACKGROUND: In order to set research priorities for reproductive health in the occupied Palestinian territory, it is vital to know what current research has been done in the field of reproductive health. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the range and nature of reproductive health research in the occupied Palestinian territory and to identify research gaps in the existing literature.METHODS: We searched four databases: EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Popline. We included studies that: (i) are published (with an abstract); (ii) relevant to reproductive health; (iii) Palestinians living in Palestine; (iv) participants over the age of 15 years; and (v) restricted to human research. Three independent reviewers screened title and abstracts, and extracted data from included articles. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses.RESULTS: Of 1025 titles and abstracts screened, 145 articles were included. 52 (36%) articles were conducted in community setting and 34 (24%) were conducted in hospitals. There were 5 (3%) experimental studies. 15 articles had more than one main theme; 160 subthemes overall were identified. The most frequently studied theme was labor and delivery (n = 19; 12%). One article discussed adolescent reproductive health and menopause while no articles discussed men's reproductive health.CONCLUSIONS: 91% of the research conducted is observational. The focus of reproductive health research was to understand the topic, community and providers' perceptions and knowledge. Articles related to the quality of services were limited. It is also important to research the reproductive health of women outside of reproductive age, men, and adolescents.</p
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings: Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation: In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Full Tex
Gender differences in the price elasticity of demand for waterpipe and cigarette smoking in Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine: a volumetric choice experiment
No full textOBJECTIVES: This study assessed the extent to which the elasticity of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco products differs between men and women. We also explored the levels of substitution and complementarity in tobacco products among men and women. SETTING: The study examines tobacco elasticities in three Arab countries: Lebanon, Jordan and the West Bank of Palestine. PARTICIPANTS: We used data from nationally representative surveys of adults aged ≥18 years in Lebanon (n=1680), Jordan (n=1925) and Palestine (n=1679). The proportion of women was 50.0% of the sample in Lebanon and Palestine, and 44.6% in Jordan. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A zero-inflated Poisson regression model estimated own-price and cross-price elasticities for two variations of cigarettes and five variations of waterpipe tobacco products. Elasticities were measured based on eight scenarios of prices. RESULTS: Demand for waterpipe tobacco products was elastic for both men and women. The cross-price elasticities in the three countries indicate the existence of substitution between cigarettes and waterpipe products and by different varieties within each of the two tobacco products. Gender differences varied across the three countries whereby higher cross-price elasticities were observed for women in Jordan and Palestine. For example, the price elasticity for discount waterpipe was −1.4 and −0.6 for women and men in Jordan, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results on the elasticity of demand for tobacco products and the existence of substitution between tobacco products reveal the higher responsiveness of men and women to changes in tobacco prices. This should be taken into consideration in tobacco control strategies particularly when reducing tobacco consumption via taxation policies
Health and economic impacts of introducing specific excise tax to waterpipe tobacco in Egypt: A simulation model of simple and mixed tax policy approaches
No full textIntroduction: Waterpipe tobacco is taxed at half the rate of cigarettes in Egypt and, unlike cigarettes, does not have a specific excise component. We aimed to simulate the introduction of a specific excise tax on waterpipe tobacco consumption, premature deaths, and government waterpipe tobacco revenue in Egypt.
Methods: We took model inputs from the latest available data on consumption, market shares and market share prices, price elasticities of demand, tax structure, and from discussions with government officials. We modelled increases to specific excise to produce a 45%, 55%, 65%, and 75% tax burden and compared a simple (specific only) structure to a mixed (specific and ad valorem) structure.
Results: Under the simple approach, introducing a $2.1 (USD) specific tax would result in a 75% tax burden with 67% fewer waterpipe tobacco units smoked, 1,004,604 averted premature deaths, and a 236% increase in government revenue relative to the current tax structure. At the 75% tax burden, the simple approach resulted in 1.5% fewer waterpipe tobacco units consumed, 9,000 more averted premature deaths, and 12.7% more government revenue compared to the mixed approach. Results for other tax burdens are presented and remained robust to sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions: Introducing a specific excise tax on waterpipe tobacco in Egypt can yield considerable government revenue and public health gains. We recommend the simple approach, in line with the WHO recommendations, which produces greater economic and public health gains than the mixed approach and is easier to administer for the Egyptian government
Additional file 2: of The range and nature of reproductive health research in the occupied Palestinian territory: a scoping review
No full textArticle Characteristics of included articles. (XLSX 27 kb
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