3,119 research outputs found
Efficient, antibiotic marker-free transformation of a dicot and a monocot crop with glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase selectable marker genes
No full textAntibiotic-free, efficient in vitro selection in plant genetic engineering can improve risk perception and speed up pre-market scrutiny of genetically modified crops. We provide a protocol for genetic transformation of two important crops, durum wheat and alfalfa, using a bacterial and a plant-derived selectable marker gene encoding mutated, gabaculine-insensitive glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA) enzymes. These methods can potentially be applied, with minor adaptations, to many other monocot and dicot crop plants
Assessment of simple marker-free genetic transformation techniques in alfalfa
No full textMethods to avoid the presence of selectable
marker genes (SMG) in transgenic plants are available but
not implemented in many crop species. We assessed the
efficiency of simple marker-free Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation techniques in alfalfa: regeneration without
selection, or marker-less, and co-transformation with two
vectors, one containing the SMG and one containing a nonselected
gene. To easily estimate the efficiency of markerless
transformation, the nptII and the GUS markers were
used as non-selected genes. After Agrobacterium treatment,
somatic embryos were regenerated without selection.
The percentage of transgenic embryos was determined by a
second cycle of regeneration using the embryos as starting
material, in the presence of kanamycin, by PCR screening
of T1 progenies, and by the GUS test. In two experiments,
from 0 to 1.7% of the somatic embryos were transgenic.
Co-transformation was performed with two vectors, one
with the hemL SMG and one with the unselected nptII
gene, each carried by a different culture of Agrobacterium.
Only 15 putative co-transformed plants were regenerated
from two experiments, with an average co-transformation
percentage of 3.7. Southern blot hybridizations and/or T1
progeny segregation were used to confirm transgene integration,
and qPCR was also used to estimate the T-DNA
copy number. In the T1 progenies obtained by crossing
with a non-transgenic pollinator, marker-free segregants were obtained. Both marker-free approaches showed very
low efficiency
A new selectable marker gene from alfalfa
No full textAbstract comunicazione orale 12th Congress of the International Association of Plant Biotechnology and 2010 In vitro Biology Meeting, St. Louis, MO, USA, June 6-11, 2010
An overview of the last 10 years of genetically engineered crop safety research.
No full textThe technology to produce genetically engineered (GE) plants is celebrating its 30th anniversary
and one of the major achievements has been the development of GE crops. The safety of GE
crops is crucial for their adoption and has been the object of intense research work often
ignored in the public debate. We have reviewed the scientific literature on GE crop safety
during the last 10 years, built a classified and manageable list of scientific papers, and analyzed
the distribution and composition of the published literature. We selected original research
papers, reviews, relevant opinions and reports addressing all the major issues that emerged
in the debate on GE crops, trying to catch the scientific consensus that has matured since GE plants became widely cultivated worldwide. The scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazards directly connected with the use of GE crops; however, the debate is still intense. An improvement in the efficacy of scientific communication could have a significant impact on the future of agricultural GE. Our collection of scientific records is available to researchers, communicators and teachers at all levels to help create an informed, balanced public perception on the important issue of GE use in agricultur
A imagem de Alessandro Baricco no Brasil
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2013.Com a intenção de delinear o modo pelo qual o escritor italiano Alessandro Baricco se inseriu no sistema literário brasileiro e os caminhos percorridos pelos seus livros traduzidos, esta dissertação dá voz às experiências tradutórias de seus tradutores. A inserção de Bariccono Brasil tem seu início em 1997, através de uma proposição da Profa. Dra. Roberta Barni à editora Iluminuras da tradução de Oceano Mare. A partir daí, outras sete obras foram publicadas no Brasil, sendo três delas traduzidas por Roberta Barni e as outras quatro por quatro tradutores diferentes. De um lado, considera-se o tradutor como figura principal namediação entre culturas, e, de outro, se analisa a realidade desta figuradentro do sistema literário, sua invisibilidade, seus limites e o exercíciode sua profissão. A pesquisa conta, ainda, com críticas e resenhas referentes ao autor italiano publicadas em jornais consagrados no Brasil, considerando estas como parte constituinte da imagem de Baricco refletida em território nacional. Abstract : Intending to delineate the way the Italian writer Alessandro Baricco has been inserted in the Brazilian literary system and the paths his translated books have followed, this thesis gives voice to the translating experiences of his translators. Baricco's insertion in Brazil began in 1997, through a personal project of Dr. Roberta Barni, with her translation of Oceano Mare. Since then, seven other of his works have been published in Brazil, three of which were translated by Roberta Barni and the other four by four different translators. On the one hand,the translator is considered as the main figure in mediation betweencultures and, on the other, this figure's reality is analyzed within theliterary system: its invisibility, its limits and its professional practice. Criticisms and reviews of this Italian author published in well established Brazilian newspapers are also considered, with the understanding that they are part of Baricco's image reflected here
A point mutation in the Medicago sativa GSA gene provides a novel, efficient, selectable marker for plant genetic engineering
No full textBacterial selectable marker genes (SMG) conferring antibiotic resistance are valuable tools in plant genetic
engineering, but public concern and regulatory requirements have stimulated the development of alternative
selection systems. We have previously demonstrated that a mutated Synechococcus elongatus HemL
gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA) is an efficient SMG in alfalfa. In fact,
GSA is irreversibly inhibited by gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), but the mutated enzyme
is gabaculine insensitive. With the aim to develop a plant derived SMG, we cloned and sequenced the
Medicago sativa GSA cDNA and reproduced one of the two mutations associated with gabaculine resistance
in Synechococcus, a transversion resulting in a methionine to isoleucine (M→I) substitution. This
mutated gene was assessed as a SMG in tobacco and alfalfa Agrobacterium transformation, in comparison
with the wild type gene. In tobacco, about 43% of the leaf explants produced green shoots, whereas
in alfalfa 47% of the explants produced green embryos in the presence of 30 microM gabaculine when the
M→I GSA was introduced. Escapes were absent in tobacco and only 6% in alfalfa. No effect on the plant
phenotype was noticed. We propose this new SMG as a widely acceptable alternative to those currently
used
La maturità di Alessandro Fei del Barbiere, in bilico tra Maniera e Riforma
No full textThis article studies the mature career of the Florentine painter Alessandro Fei del Barbiere (1537-1592), beginning with the rediscovery of the 'Ascension' altarpiece formerly in the Albizi Chapel in the destroyed church of San Pier Maggiore, Florence. Studying this painting and others recorded in 1584 by the biographer Raffaello Borghini, such as the two altarpieces for Santa Maria delle Grazie and the Madonna dell'Umiltà in Pistoia, the author reconstructs a body of works showing how in the 1580s Fei gradually went beyond the archaic style of his apprenticeship - he had been trained by Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio and Pierfrancesco Foschi, but was also marked by the Maniera of Vasari - evolving towards naturalism in both mimesis and pictorial handling. In Florence, his development partly parallels that of Santi di Tito and his circle, but Fei was also influenced by a probable sojourn during the early part of that decade in Rome, where he could have been inspired by Girolamo Muziano and the painters working for Pope Gregory XIII. Among other proposals, the author suggests that the artist was responsible for decorating the chancel of Fiesole Cathedral (c. 1584-1589), which consisted of an altarpiece, only rarely discussed by scholars, and a cycle of frescoes hitherto attributed to Nicodemo Ferrucci
Biotechnological and digital revolution for climate-smart plant breeding
No full textClimate change, associated with global warming, extreme weather events, and increasing incidence of weeds, pests and pathogens, is strongly influencing major cropping systems. In this challenging scenario, miscellaneous strategies are needed to expedite the rate of genetic gains with the purpose of developing novel varieties. Large plant breeding populations, efficient high-throughput technologies, big data management tools, and downstream biotechnology and molecular techniques are the pillars on which next generation breeding is based. In this review, we describe the toolbox the breeder has to face the challenges imposed by climate change, remark on the key role bioinformatics plays in the analysis and interpretation of big “omics” data, and acknowledge all the benefits that have been introduced into breeding strategies with the biotechnological and digital revolution
Tra socialdemocrazie e Perestrojka. Le relazioni internazionali del Pci attraverso le carte di Alessandro Natta
No full textThis essay reconstructs the foreign policy of the Italian Communist Party during the four
years of Alessandro Natta’s secretariat (1984-1988) through largely original archival documentation,
from the Alessandro Natta Fonds of the Historical Archive of the Chamber of
Deputies. Natta’s papers are also cross-referenced with those kept in the PCI Archive at the
Gramsci Foundation. The author analyses the relationship that the PCI establishes with
Gorbachev’s Perestroika, Deng’s China, and European social democracies during the last
years of the Cold War
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