59 research outputs found
Open-Source Toolkit for Live End-To-End 4K VVC Intra Coding
No full textInternational audienceVersatile Video Coding (VVC/H.266) takes video coding to the next level by doubling the coding efficiency over its predecessors for the same subjective quality, but at the cost of immense coding complexity. Therefore, VVC calls for aggressively optimized codecs to make it feasible for live streaming media applications. This paper introduces the first public end-To-end (E2E) pipeline for live 4K30p VVC intra coding and streaming. The pipeline is made up of three open-source components: 1) uvg266 for VVC encoding; 2) uvgRTP for VVC streaming; and 3) OpenVVC for VVC decoding. The proposed setup is demonstrated with a proof-of-concept prototype that implements the encoder end on AMD ThreadRipper 2990WX and the decoder end on Nvidia Jetson AGX Orin. Our prototype is almost 34 000 times as fast as the corresponding E2E pipeline built around the VTM codec. Respectively, it achieves 3.3 times speedup without any significant coding overhead over the pipeline that utilizes the fastest possible configuration of the well-known VVenC/VVdeC codec. These results indicate that our prototype is currently the only viable open-source solution for live 4K VVC intra coding and streaming. © 2023 Owner/Author(s)
Compression efficiency analysis of AV1, VVC, and HEVC for random access applications
No full textAOM Video 1 (AV1) and Versatile Video Coding (VVC) are the outcome of two recent independent video coding technology developments. Although VVC is the successor of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) in the lineage of international video coding standards jointly developed by ITU-T and ISO/IEC within an open and public standardization process, AV1 is a video coding scheme that was developed by the industry consortium Alliance for Open Media (AOM) and that has its technological roots in Google's proprietary VP9 codec. This paper presents a compression efficiency evaluation for the AV1, VVC, and HEVC video coding schemes in a typical video compression application requiring random access. The latter is an important property, without which essential functionalities in digital video broadcasting or streaming could not be provided. For the evaluation, we employed a controlled experimental environment that basically follows the guidelines specified in the Common Test Conditions of the Joint Video Experts Team. As representatives of the corresponding video coding schemes, we selected their freely available reference software implementations. Depending on the application-specific frequency of random access points, the experimental results show averaged bit-rate savings of about 10-15% for AV1 and 36-37% for the VVC reference encoder implementation (VTM), both relative to the HEVC reference encoder implementation (HM) and by using a test set of video sequences with different characteristics regarding content and resolution. A direct comparison between VTMand AV1 reveals averaged bit-rate savings of about 25-29% for VTM, while the averaged encoding and decoding run times of VTM relative to those of AV1 are around 300% and 270%, respectively.10
An Intra Subpartition Coding Mode for VVC
No full textS.1203-1207The upcoming Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Standard includes various new intra prediction tools that were not present in its predecessor High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), such as the wide angle intra prediction, the position dependent prediction combination or the multiple reference line intra prediction. In order to improve the intra prediction coding efficiency, this paper proposes the usage of the Intra Subpartition (ISP) algorithm. ISP is an updated version of the Line-Based Intra Prediction (LIP) mode that improves the trade-off between coding gain and complexity of the original method. The basic principle of ISP consists in subdividing an intra-predicted block into 2 or 4 subpartitions of at least 16 samples according to the original block dimensions. The method has been implemented on top of the VVC Test Model 3.0 (VTM-3.0), with the result of obtaining a gain of 0.57% with encoding and decoding run-times of 112% and 102% respectively for the All Intra configuration and a gain of 0.29% with encoding and decoding run-times of 102% and 101% respectively for the Random Access configuration
Overview of the Screen Content Support in VVC: Applications, Coding Tools, and Performance
No full textS.3801-3817In an increasingly connected world, consumer video experiences have diversified away from traditional broadcast video into new applications with increased use of non-camera-captured content such as computer screen desktop recordings or animations created by computer rendering, collectively referred to as screen content. There has also been increased use of graphics and character content that is rendered and mixed or overlaid together with camera-generated content. The emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, in its first version, addresses this market change by the specification of low-level coding tools suitable for screen content. This is in contrast to its predecessor, the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, where highly efficient screen content support is only available in extension profiles of its version 4. This paper describes the screen content support and the five main low-level screen content coding tools in VVC: transform skip residual coding (TSRC), block-based differential pulse-code modulation (BDPCM), intra block copy (IBC), adaptive color transform (ACT), and the palette mode. The specification of these coding tools in the first version of VVC enables the VVC reference software implementation (VTM) to achieve average bit-rate savings of about 41% to 61% relative to the HEVC test model (HM) reference software implementation using the Main 10 profile for 4:2:0 screen content test sequences. Compared to the HM using the Screen-Extended Main 10 profile and the same 4:2:0 test sequences, the VTM provides about 19% to 25% bit-rate savings. The same comparison with 4:4:4 test sequences revealed bit-rate savings of about 13% to 27% for Y'CBCR and of about 6% to 14% for R'G'B' screen content. Relative to the HM without the HEVC version 4 screen content coding extensions, the bit-rate savings for 4:4:4 test sequences are about 33% to 64% for Y'CBCR and 43% to 66% for R'G'B' screen content.31Nr.1
Improved Quantization and Transform Coefficient Coding for the Emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Standard
No full textS.1183-1187One key component of all block-based hybrid video codecs is transform coding of prediction residues, which consists of an orthogonal block transform, scalar quantization of transform coefficients, and entropy coding of the resulting quantization indexes. For improving coding efficiency relative to the state-of-the-art video coding standard HEVC, we propose the following modifications: (1) Replacing scalar quantization with trellis-coded quantization; and (2) utilizing additional statistical dependencies between quantization indexes for entropy coding. The proposed approach was integrated into the first test model VTM-1 for the new standardization project Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Our coding experiments showed average bit-rate savings of 4.9 % for intra-only, 3.4 % for random access, and 2.8 % for low-delay configurations
High variability within Candida albicans transcription factor RLM1: Isolates from vulvovaginal infections show a clear bias toward high molecular weight alleles
No full textPrevious studies have correlated the severity of recurrent vulvovaginal Candida infections (VVC) and balanitis in patients from China with the presence of some dominant genotypes at the ORF RLM1. Here we tested VVC vs non-VVC isolates from Portugal, Brazil and Greece and, although the same genotypes were identified in VVC isolates, they were present in only five out of 150 strains. However, this analysis showed that VVC isolates presented a higher percentage of genotypes with similar high molecular weight alleles, in comparison with strains isolated from other biological sources. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. All rights reserved
Objective Evaluation of the Practical Video Encoders VVenC, x265, and aomenc AV1
No full textS.181-185Practical open-source video encoders implementing different video compression standards often provide various operation points for different trade-offs between compression efficiency and encoding time. This paper presents an evaluation of the trade-offs for the freely available open-source VVenC encoder conforming to the open and public Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard together with x265 conforming to the open and public High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and aomenc conforming to the AOM Video 1 (AV1) specification developed within an industry consortium. The evaluation includes the HEVC and VVC reference encoder implementations to analyze the tradeoffs provided by the practical encoders when focusing on high-resolution 10-bit consumer applications that require random access. Compared to the HEVC reference implementation HM, VVenC provides averaged objective bit-rate savings using the Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) metric ranging from more than 37% at less than 68% encoding time to more than 9% at less than 5% of the HM encoding time. Sampling the data for an encoding time next to but lower than that of the HM and using HM's outcome as the anchor, VVenC provides 37.6% averaged bit-rate savings, followed by aomenc with 11.5%. In contrast to VVenC that provides the same performance as the VVC reference implementation VTM at a lower encoding time, x265 generates an average of 35.2% bit-rate overhead relative to its reference implementation HM and does not achieve the HM performance even for higher encoding times
Objektivní porovnání kvality video kódovacího standardu Versatile Video Coding
No full textTato práce se v první řadě zabývá video kódovacím standardem Versatile Video Coding. Zmiňuje historii relevantních video kódovacích technologií stejného charakteru, u kterých do mělka prochází jejich významnější detaily, a graficky ilustruje některé koncepty. Dále se zabývá historií vývoje Versatile Video Coding a relevantního kontextu, a zakončuje shrnutím prozatímní adopce VVC průmyslem. V další části zmiňuje způsoby, jimiž VVC zdokonaluje předchozí technologie, a kontext v kterém tomu činí. Dále jsou v metodice představeny některé metody, pomocí nichž lze objektivně měřit a porovnávat kvalitu video sekvencí. V další části představuje výsledky měření kvality videa podle zmíněných metod. Naměřená data vypovídají o tom, že VVC obecně dosahuje znatelně lepších výsledků kvality, než předchozí video kódovací technologie. Dostupné informace napovídají, že VVC uvidí širší adopci průmyslem, i přes silnou konkurenci. Práce dává čtenáři i pojem o výkonových stránkách, na základě nichž by se mohl rozhodovat i např. mezi presety s kterými VVC přichází.This thesis mainly focuses on the Versatile Video Coding standard. It goes over the history of relevant video coding technologies of the same nature, giving a brief rundown of significant details of each piece of technology, with illustrations throughout. It tells about the development of Versatile Video Coding and relevant context, ending that section with a report about industry adoption of this technology and some future projections. It goes into detail about specific improvements upon preceding technology, alongside all relevant context thereof. In the methods section, it describes ways in which metrics of the quality of video footage can be objectively measured, calculated and compared. The next section presents the reader with results of objective video testing performed. Measured data suggests that the VVC codec is generally superior to prior video coding technology in quality. Available data seems to hint at VVC seeing wider adoption in future, despite competition. A window into performance aspects of this technology, that this thesis gives, should inform the author of those aspects as well, and help them choose between some of the presets VVC works on
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