17 research outputs found
The First Mathematical Book in the Golden Horde State: A Masterpiece of Computational Mathematics (“et-Tuhfe fî ilmi’l-hisâb”) (1)
No full textThe author of this article represents the first example of the scientific activity in the Golden Horde, which began before Janibeg khan and during the reign of his father, Uzbek khan. The composition entitled “Masterpieces in Computational Science” (“et-Tuhfe fî ilmi’l-hisâb”), written in the Golden Horde on a mathematical topic, occupies a special place because of the information contained therein. This treatise, the contents of which will be described below, shows us the following: scientific activity in the Golden Horde, which began with the adoption of Islam, brought results in a short time and laid the foundations for the “breakthrough” during the reign of Janibeg khan.
In the future, the author plans to explore and learn the value of the text for the mathematical sciences from a historical point of view: the computational book “et-Tuhfe fî ilmi’l-hisâb”, whose author is unknown, was handed to the Crimean Governor and right hand’s bey, Ebul-Muzaffer Giyaseddin Tuluktemir bey, during the reign of Uzbek khan (1313–1342). After mentioning the distinguishing features of the work, the author will focus on the definition of numbers, which is attributed to Muhammad b. Musa Al-Khwarizmi, and which, at the moment, is not recorded in any other sources. The author will test ability to understand the evidence used in the calculation, surveying, and algebra, and will consider definitions regarding the theory of numbers. Subsequently, the author will analyze the formula of approximate values of square and cube roots of irrational numbers, proposed by Mohammed al-Khwarizmi, Abdulkadir al-Baghdadi, and a teacher of the author, Saduruddin al-Farazi.
In the first chapter, “Scientific and Philosophical Life in the Golden Horde State” (discussed in detail in this article), the author presents a brief description of the political, economic, and social life in the ulus of Jochi, to proceed to the consideration of the progress of scientific life developed in close connection with Islamic culture since the time of the formation of the Golden Horde. The author presents the writing under consideration in the context of this broad topic, briefly describing its contents. The purpose of this paper is to define scientific environment, which made possible the writing of the “et-Tuhfe fî ilmi’l-hisâb”
Is meteorin-like (Metrnl) a novel biomarker to distinguish patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and patients with OSA at vascular risk
No full textPurposeMetrnl, a newly discovered adipokine with significant expression in white adipose tissue, promotes energy expenditure and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disorders. Endocan is a surrogate marker for endothelial dysfunction and is linked to cardiovascular risk factors. Higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we investigated the potential of serum Metrnl and endocan as biomarkers to identify patients with OSA who are at increased cardiovascular risk and differentiate them from healthy controls.MethodsThe study included the evaluation of serum levels of endocan and Metrnl in individuals with OSA and healthy controls. All participants underwent full polysomnography to evaluate their sleep, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured in each of them.ResultsPatients with OSA (n = 117) had considerably lower levels of Metrnl and significantly higher levels of endocan than controls (n = 59). Once confounding factors were taken into account, both Metrnl and endocan were effective predictors of OSA. Additionally, the severity of OSA, as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), was linked to Metrnl and endocan levels. The study also found a significant and independent inverse association between CIMT and Metrnl, along with a positive association with endocan after making multiple adjustments. Furthermore, there was a significant and independent connection between CIMT and AHI.ConclusionBased on these findings, Metrnl and endocan have the potential to be valuable markers for identifying patients with OSA who are at increased risk of early vascular damage
Galectin-3 level in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and its relationship with response to antifibrotic treatment
No full textObject: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with characterized by progressive fibrosis. Galectin-3(Gal-3) is a B-galactoside binding lectin plays a central role in inflammation and fibrosis. In our study, we aimed to define levels of serum galectin-3 protein in IPF patients by comparing them with healthy subjects. We also aimed to show that galectin-3 concentrations can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the serum of IPF patients and that the use of galectin-3 inhibitors in combination with antifibrotic treatments may be useful in the therapeutic management of fibrosis. Methods: 44 patients with IPF and 35 control patients who were followed up in our outpatient clinic between 2016 and 2022 were evaluated, anamnesis, spirometric measurements and galectin-3 results were recorded. Patients were grouped according to their antifibrotic treatment. Results: The mean galectin-3 level in the patient group was 8.4 ng/ml and in the control group was 8.2 ng/ml. Serum levels were 8.9 ng/ml in pirfenidone users and 8.2 ng/ml in nintedanib users. Gal-3 was found to be higher in patients taking pirfenidone compared to nintedanib, but there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Galectin-3 levels were found to be slightly higher in IPF patients compared to healthy subjects. In addition, gal-3 levels decreased as the follow-up period increased in IPF patients in our study. Considering that the patients were receiving pirfenidone or nintedanib treatment during the follow-up period, it may be possible that galectin-3 levels decreased as exposure to these drugs increased. Further studies are needed to clarify these mechanisms
Significance of Plasma Irisin, Adiponectin, and Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels as Biomarkers for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity
No full textObjective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder that is caused by the reduction or cessation of airflow in the upper airway. Irisin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and adiponectin are the three significant factors in the metabolic process of the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin levels are associated with the severity of OSAS. Methods: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 125 patients with OSAS and 46 healthy, gender-matched controls were included in this study. The patients were classified according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as 14 mild cases (5 < AHI < 15), 23 moderate OSAS cases (15 < AHI < 30), and 88 severe OSAS cases (AHI > 30). The plasma irisin, RBP-4, and adiponectin levels were measured and compared between groups. Results: RBP-4 levels were higher in severe OSAS compared to other groups, and irisin levels were significantly lower in severe OSAS compared to other groups. There was a negative correlation between irisin and RBP-4 (r = −0.421; p < 0.001), and irisin and AHI (r = −0.834; p < 0.001), and a positive correlation between irisin and adiponectin (r = 0.240; p = 0.002). There was a negative correlation between RBP-4 and adiponectin (r = −0.507; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between RBP-4 and AHI (r = 0.473; p < 0.001). As a predictor of OSAS, adiponectin showed the highest specificity (84.8%) and RBP-4 the highest sensitivity (92.0%). Conclusion: Circulating adiponectin, irisin, and RBP-4 may be new biomarkers in OSAS patients in addition to risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. When polysomnography is not available, these parameters and clinical data can be used to diagnose the disease. As a result, patients with an AHI score greater than thirty should be closely monitored for metabolic abnormalities
The value of preoperative pulmonary assessment in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications
No full textOBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the preoperative parameters that may predict postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs) and the value of some current practical indexes in predicting POPCs. MATERIALS and METHODS: Our study is a retrospective cohort study carried out in 9 different centers. Patients admitted to the chest diseases outpatient clinic for preoperative evaluation were followed up during the 6-month study period. Patients with or without postoperative complications were evaluated retrospectively, and the effect of some parameters and indexes recorded during the preoperative evaluation of chest diseases on POPC development was investigated statistically. RESULTS: A total of 307 patients were included in the study. POPCs were observed in 100 patients (32.6%). About 13% of these complications were respiratory tract infections, 59% were respiratory failure, 45% were pleural effusion, and 42% were atelectasis, which were the most common pulmonary complications. The probability of experiencing POPCs by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is 2.5 (1.18-5.67) times more than those without COPD. We determined that patients with the history of upper respiratory tract infection during the preoperative period are 5.3 times more likely to have POPCs; similarly, the number was 4.7 for patients undergoing cardiac operation and 3.3 for patients with interstitial infiltration. CONCLUSION: The risk of pulmonary complications was higher for those with the history of upper respiratory tract infection during the preoperative period, those undergoing cardiac surgery, those with the shortness of breath, those with the history of COPD, and those with the reticular/interstitial infiltrations in the chest X-ray. These parameters should be examined carefully in the preoperative period and should be careful in terms of pulmonary complications that may develop during the postoperative period
Evaluation of plasma LL-37 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textCharacteristics of our hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia patients receiving corticosteroids and mortality-associated factors
No full textBackground COVID-19 is a disease associated with diffuse lung injury that has no proven effective treatment yet. It is thought that glucocorticoids may reduce inflammation-mediated lung injury, disease progression, and mortality. We aimed to evaluate our patient's characteristics and treatment outcomes who received corticosteroids for COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study and reviewed 517 patients admitted due to COVID-19 pneumonia who were hypoxemic and administered steroids regarding demographic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatment response, and mortality-associated factors. Results Of our 517 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hypoxemic and received corticosteroids, the mortality rate was 24.4% (n = 126). The evaluation of mortality-associated factors revealed that age, comorbidities, a CURB-65 score of >= 2, higher SOFA scores, presence of MAS, high doses of steroids, type of steroids, COVID-19 treatment, stay in the intensive care unit, high levels of d-dimer, CRP, ferritin, and troponin, and renal dysfunction were associated with mortality. Conclusion Due to high starting and average steroid doses are more associated with mortality, high-dose steroid administration should be avoided. We believe that knowing the factors associated with mortality in these cases is essential for close follow-up. The use of CURB-65 and SOFA scores can predict prognosis in COVID-19 pneumonia
Evaluation Of Vitamin B12 and D, Folic Acid and Homocystein Levels In Stable COPD Patients
No full text[No Abstract Available
The value of preoperative pulmonary assessment in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications
No full textOBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the preoperative parameters that may predict postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs) and the value of some current practical indexes in predicting POPCs
Evaluation of the relationship between serum ghrelin levels and cancer cachexia in patients with locally advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy
No full textBackground: Ghrelin plays a role in mechanisms related to cancer progression - including cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and resistance to apoptosis in the cell lines from several cancers. We investigated the role of ghrelin levels in cancer cachexia-anorexia in patients with locally advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods: This study involved 84 NSCLC patients who had received concomitant CRT. Blood ghrelin levels were compared before and 3 months after CRT. Meanwhile, changes in body weight of the patients were also investigated with changes in ghrelin levels before and after CRT. Results: Ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in line with changes in patients' weights in patients receiving CRT (P 0.40 g/dL, 0.38 +/- 0.20) when compared with its baseline levels (3.40 +/- 0.55 g/dL,P 0.71,P 6.53 mg/L) when compared with its baseline levels (9.54 +/- 3.80 mg/L,P = 0.038). After RT, ghrelin levels in patients were positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.830,P < 0.001) and albumin (r = 0.758,P < 0.001). Conclusion: Ghrelin may play a role in the pathogenesis of weight loss in NSCLC patients. Ghrelin seems to be implicated in cancer-related weight loss. Ghrelin, cancer, and RT all together have a role in tumor-related anorexia-cachexia in patients with NSCLC. Results of this study need further evaluation as regards to its potential role as an adjuvant diagnostic or prognostic marker
