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Teollisuustyöntekijöiden tuki- ja liikuntaelinkivut: esiintyminen, riskitekijät ja vaikutukset työkykyyn ja sairauspoissaolojen määrään
No full textUseammalla kuin yhdellä anatomisella alueella esiintyvä tuki- ja liikuntaelinkipu on hyvin yleistä työikäisessä väestössä, ja kipualueiden määrän ja työkyvyttömyyden välillä on selvä yhteys. Monipaikkaiseen kipuun vaikuttavia työperäisiä fyysisiä ja psykososiaalisia tekijöitä sekä kivun vaikutusta teollisuustyöntekijöihin on kuitenkin tutkittu varsin vähän. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on arvioida monipaikkaisen tuki- ja liikuntaelinkivun yleisyyttä, siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä sekä kivun vaikutuksia työkykyyn ja sairauspoissaolojen määrään elintarviketeollisuuden työntekijöiden keskuudessa.
Kyselytutkimus (Artikkelit I–III) tehtiin kaikille suuren suomalaisen elintarvikeyrityksen työntekijöille keväällä 2005 (N = 1201) ja keväällä 2009 (N = 1398). Kaikkiaan 734 työntekijää seurattiin vuodesta 2005 vuoteen 2009. Sairauspoissaolotiedot (Artikkeli IV) koottiin yrityksen sairauspoissaolorekisteristä, ja henkilötietorekisteristä koottiin lisäksi tiedot kaikkien työntekijöiden iästä, sukupuolesta ja sairauspoissaoloihin johtaneista diagnooseista vuosilta 2005–2008. Kyselyllä kerättiin tietoa monipaikkaisesta tuki- ja liikuntaelinkivusta (kipua esiintyi ainakin kahdella neljästä kehon alueesta), työperäisistä fyysisistä ja psykososiaalisista riskitekijöistä, muista fyysisistä ja psykososiaalisista riskitekijöistä, vapaa-ajan fyysisestä aktiivisuudesta ja painoindeksistä. Lisäksi työntekijät arvioivat kyselyssä senhetkistä työkykyään asteikolla 0–10, jossa ≤7 = heikko työkyky. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin toisaalta työperäisiin riskitekijöihin liittyvää monipaikkaisen kivun riskiä, toisaalta monipaikkaiseen kipuun ja työperäisille riskitekijöille altistumiseeen liittyvää huonontuneen työkykyvyn riskiä niillä työntekijöillä, joiden työkyky oli hyvä vuonna 2005. Arvioinnissa käytettiin logistista regressioanalyysiä. Monipaikkaisen kivun (0–4 kipualuetta) sekä mistä tahansa syystä aiheutuneiden pitkien sairauspoissaolojen (≥ 4 päivää) ja tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauksista johtuneiden sairauspoissaolojen välisten yhteyksien määrittelemiseen käytettiin yleistettyä lineaarista mallia negatiivisella binomijakaumaoletuksella.
Työntekijöiden keski-ikä oli 40,95 vuotta ja ikähaarukka 20–66 vuotta. Vuoden 2009 tutkimukseen osallistuneista työntekijöistä 65 % oli naisia ja 71 % teollisuustyöntekijöitä. Noin 40 % oli ollut seuranta-aikana sairauslomalla (≥4 päivää) ainakin kerran tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauden takia. Vuoden 2005 tutkimuksessa 56 %:lla ja vuoden 2009 tutkimuksessa 50 %:lla työtekijöistä oli kipua useammassa kuin yhdessä paikassa; kaikista työntekijöistä 40 % koki kipua useassa paikassa koko seurantajakson ajan. Monipaikkaisesta kivusta vuoden 2005 tutkimuksessa raportoineista työntekijöistä 69 % raportoi monipaikkaisesta kivusta myös vuoden 2009 tutkimuksessa. Jos työntekijä altistui vuoden 2005 tutkimuksessa fyysisille riskitekijöille, esim. biomekaanisille riskitekijöille, monipaikkaisen kivun todennäköisyys oli nelinkertainen vuoden 2009 tutkimuksessa. Myös psykososiaalisille riskitekijöille (tyytymättömyys työhön, huono yhteishenki ja heikot mahdollisuudet vaikuttaa työhön) altistuminen ennakoi selvästi monipaikkaista kipua jatkotutkimuksessa. Monipaikkainen kipu ensimmäisessä tutkimuksessa myös nosti heikentyneen työkyvyn todennäköisyyttä jatkotutkimuksessa riippumatta työntekijän iästä, sukupuolesta, ammattiluokasta, painoindeksistä ja vapaa-ajan fyysisestä aktiivisuudesta. Työperäisten riskitekijöiden erillisvaikutukset työkykyyn olivat kuitenkin hieman vähäisemmät kuin monipaikkaisen kivun. Monipaikkaisen kivun ja työympäristön ja työasentojen välillä oli yhdysvaikutus, siten että kipu ei liittynyt heikentyneeseen työkykyyn, jos työympäristö tai työskentelyasennot olivat huonot. Monipaikkaisella kivulla huomattiin myös olevan yhteys tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauksista johtuviin sairauspoissaoloihin niin teollisuustyöntekijöillä kuin toimihenkilöilläkin. Toimihenkilöillä poissaolot aiheutuivat kuitenkin yleensä kahden tai kolmen alueen kivuista, kun työntekijöillä poissaoloon johti yhden tai kahden alueen kipu.
Monipaikkainen tuki- ja liikuntaelinkipu on yleistä varsinkin teollisuustyöntekijöillä, ja fyysiset ja psykososiaaliset riskitekijät vaikuttavat kivun määrään selvästi. Biomekaanisille tai psykososiaalisille riskitekijöille altistuminen töissä ei kuitenkaan heikentänyt monipaikkaisen kivun alentamaa työkykyä. Monipaikkainen kipu lisää selvästi niin pitkien sairauslomien kuin tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauksista johtuvien sairauspoissaolojen todennäköisyyttä sekä teollisuustyöntekijöillä että toimihenkilöillä. Monipaikkaisen kivun taustalla olevat monet riskitekijät tulee ottaa huomioon, kun pyritään ehkäisemään siitä aiheutuvia vakavia seurauksia. Työterveyshuollossa kipupisteiden määrän laskeminen voi toimia yksinkertaisena toimenpiteenä, jonka avulla voidaan tunnistaa suurentuneen työkyvyttömyysriskin työntekijät.Musculoskeletal pain at multiple body sites is very common among working-age people and has been strongly linked to severe work disability. Little is known of the work-related physical and psychosocial factors contributing to multi-site pain and the consequences of multi-site pain among the industrial population. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of multi-site musculoskeletal pain, its determinants and consequences for work ability and sickness absences among food industry employees.
A questionnaire survey (Studies I-III) was conducted among the entire personal of one of the leading food processing companies in Finland in spring 2005 (N = 1201) and spring 2009 (N = 1398). A total of 734 employees were followed from 2005 to 2009. Sickness absence data (Study IV) for this study was based on the companies’ sickness absence register. The information on age, gender and causes of sickness absence of all those employed in 2005-2008 was obtained through the personnel register. Information on multi-site musculoskeletal pain (pain in at least two anatomical areas out of four), physical and psychosocial work exposures, information on self-assessed work ability (current work ability on a scale from 0 to 10; < 7 = poor work ability), leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, and physical and psychosocial exposures was elicited by questionnaire. The risk of multi-site pain related to the single and combined effects of work exposures and the separate and combined effects of multi-site pain and work exposures on work ability at follow-up among subjects with good work ability at baseline were assessed by logistic regression. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with negative binomial distribution assumption was used to determine associations between the occurrence of multi-site pain (0- 4 pain sites) and long-term sickness absence (≥4 days) due to any medical reason and sickness absence spells and days due to any musculoskeletal diagnosis (MSD).
The mean age of the employees was 40.95 years, ranging from 20-66 years. Of the employees who participated in the follow-up study, 65% were female and 71% were involved in blue-collar occupations. About 40% had sickness absence spells (≥4 days) at least once due to MSD. At baseline, 56% had pain at more than one site, and 50% at 4-year follow-up. Forty percent of all employees had multi-site pain throughout follow-up. Among those with multi-site pain at baseline, 69% had multi-site pain at follow-up. Physical factors including biomechanical factors at baseline increased the risk of multi-site pain at follow-up by more than 4-folds. Psychosocial factors (low job satisfaction, poor team spirit and poor opportunities to exert influence at work) also strongly predicted multi-site pain at follow-up. Multi-site pain at baseline increased the risk of poor work ability at follow-up, allowing for age, gender, occupational class, body mass index and leisure-time physical activity. The separate effects of the work exposures on work ability were somewhat smaller than those of multi-site pain. Multi-site pain had an interactive effect with work environment and awkward postures, such that no association of multi-site pain with poor work ability was seen when work environment was poor or awkward postures present. Multi-site pain was associated with long-term sickness absence spells and days due to MSD. The associations of MSP with long-term sickness absence spells and days due to MSD were found to be strong among both blue-collar and white-collar employees. However, a threshold in the rate ratios was found between two-site and three-site pain, whereas in blue-collar employees the threshold was rather between one-site and two-site pain.
Musculoskeletal pain at multiple sites is a common and persistent phenomenon among industrial workers. Physical and psychosocial factors contribute significantly to multi-site pain. The decline in work ability connected with multi-site pain was not modified by biomechanical or psychosocial exposure at work. Multi-site pain also strongly predicted long-term sickness absence spells and days due to musculoskeletal diagnosis among both white- and blue-collar employees. The occurrence and the impact of multi-site musculoskeletal pain suggest that the prevention of severe occupational outcomes for this group must have a wide focus. Counting the number of concurrent pain sites can serve as a simple method to screen for workers with high risk of work disability in e.g., occupational health care
WORKING IN PREGNANCY AND BIRTH OUTCOME
Full text linkBackground
The weight of an infant at birth is an important determinant of its survival and future health, growth and development. Birth weight is greatly influenced by the health, nutritional status, and lifestyle of the mother. Although maternal workload during pregnancy is considered as the risk factor for the birth weight and health of child, the manner and amount of load is poorly understood. In this study, maternal working, its load and status during pregnancy are examined for pregnancy outcome.
Aim
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between maternal work during the time of pregnancy and birth outcome.
Methods
This study is based on a large prenatal care interventional study, which was conducted at 20 townships of rural China in 1999. The KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practices) survey was done to evaluate the intervention. All women who gave birth within 12 months of the three interview periods from 2000 to 2003 in 20 townships completed the KAP survey. During that time, about 1479 women gave birth according to the records kept by the local family planning system. The interview was conducted at the respondent's home and was based on a structured questionnaire. Three per cent of the sample was missed (refused, were out of village, for other reasons). Women with dead infants were not approached for interviews. This study analyzed only the relation of maternal workload during pregnancy to the birth outcome. Maternal age, parity and prenatal care were treated as potential confounder to study the relationship of maternal work and birth outcome.
Results
In newborns of women working less heavily, is significantly associated (
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Double burden of malnutrition: increasing overweight and obesity and stall underweight trends among Ghanaian women
Full text linkBackground
Overweight and obesity are among the leading causes of mortality globally, and although previously they were mostly prevalent in developed countries, recent scanty evidence suggests that overweight and obesity in developing countries have reached high levels. Trends in overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) and underweight (BMI < 18 kg/m 2 ) from 1993 to 2008 and associated factors were explored among 15 to 49 years old women in Ghana.
Methods
Nationally representative data were used from four Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Ghana in 1993 (n = 4562), 1998 (n = 4843), 2003 (n = 5691) and 2008 (n = 4916). The data were analysed using logistic regression.
Results
Over all, underweight increased by 28.57 % (from 10.5 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 9.61–11.39 in 1993 to 7.5 %, 95 % CI = 6.76–8.24 in 2008) and 134.85 % increase in overweight and obesity (from 13.2 %, 95 % CI = 12.22–14.18 in 1993 to 31 %, 95 % CI = 29.71–32.29 in 2008) over the fifteen year period were found. Overweight was much more common in urban women (36.8 %, 95 % CI = 35.78–37.82) compared to rural women (15.6 %, 95 % CI = 14.93–16.27). Women of urban residents were more likely of being overweight (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.25–1.63) but less likely to be underweight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95 % CI = 0.30–0.36) compared to those of rural residents. Furthermore, older age, higher education, multi-parity and being rich were associated with overweight/obesity among Ghanaian women.
Conclusion
Overweight and obesity are becoming a common phenomenon among Ghanaian women while underweight still remains a problem. Our study demonstrates an emerging double burden of malnutrition among Ghanaian women. Promotion of physical activity and encouraging healthy dietary habits are urgently needed to curtail obesity and overweight trends while underweight among rural women, those without higher education and those with lower wealth index can be improved through poverty reduction measures.BioMed Central open acces
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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