1,720,959 research outputs found
Trading in Spirits: European Alcohol and the Indigenous Population of New France
No full textEuropeans’ introduction of alcohol to indigenous North American societies has long been a controversial topic of scholarly debate across disciplines. The assertion has often been made in fields ranging from Native American Studies to Sociology that European colonizers intentionally used alcohol as a tool of oppression in the process of conquest. In recent years, this claim has also been made more forcefully through documentaries and newsletter articles created from within indigenous communities. While there is historical evidence to support this assertion in many instances, the matter is far more complex than such generalizations allow and merits closer examination.
This thesis will address the question of whether the French distribution of alcohol among Native Americans in the Saint Lawrence River Valley was a deliberate program of oppression. The historical record indicates that, although individual Europeans traded and consumed alcohol with Native Americans, the French and colonial governments aggressively attempted to curb the practice. The indigenous population of New France vastly outnumbered that of the newcomers and French authorities were fully aware of their precarious position in the continent. Fearing indigenous uprisings leading to the downfall of the French enterprise in North America, colonial authorities made a diligent effort to regulate the flow of alcohol with mixed results, as this thesis will demonstrate
Shoes, Canoes, and Lives in Unexpected Archives: Searching in Fur Trade Ledgers beyond the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives
No full textThis article illuminates the existence and utility of fur trade ledgers and account books held in repositories beyond those held in the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives. While the vast holdings of the HBCA are a phenomenal resource for researchers of the North American fur trade, many smaller repositories across the continent hold fur trade sources that can complement research conducted in other institutions. Such sources can, when examined with an eye to the cultural information they contain, reveal far more about the cultural history of North America than simply the economic data for which they were created
Phantoms of the French Fur Trade: Twenty Men Who Worked in the Trade Between 1618 and 1758, vols. I, II, and III by Timothy J. Kent
No full textN-lkwkw-min: Remembering the Fur Trade in the Columbia River Plateau
No full textThis dissertation answers the question of how and why the history of the fur trade in the Columbia River Plateau is understood in the ways in which it is. It examines the construction of memory and commemorations of the fur trade era by different communities for their distinct purposes. The project methodologies include analyses of archival materials and publications created by fur traders and historians who were interested in their lives, and examination of historical monographs and their indexes and sources lists. Fur trade commemorations and public history events were scrutinized, as were newspapers for interviews with the historical actors driving public acts of memory and biographies of these individuals were examined. Artistic representations of the past in films, songs, comic books, advertisements, and greeting cards created are included in the analysis. Peoples understandings of the past are made in daily encounters of its representation, however seemingly trivial they may be. Indigenous Plateau peoples have created histories of the fur trade, and those histories have been largely ignored by settler historians and boosters, resulting in a historiography that has mostly omitted Indigenous voices that were present and speaking to those settlers creating fur trade histories. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, Plateau Indigenous peoples brought their histories into the same public forums where fur trade histories were heard in the region for non-Indigenous people to encounter. Examining the stories people told about the fur trade and why, this dissertation demonstrates that the history of the Columbia River Plateau fur trade has been and continues to be a tool used to further the social, political, and economic desires of its creators, who construct fur trade histories largely in their own image
Pierre-Esprit Radisson: The Collected Writings. Volume 2. Ed. by Germaine Warkentin (pp 303-305)
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Seeing Themselves: Jean Barman’s French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest as a Resource for the Region’s People
No full textDr. Barman’s award-winning study is a resource to the Indigenous and non-Indigenous people of the Columbia River Plateau and the Pacific Northwest, an environmentally and culturally diverse region that now encompasses two countries, two provinces, three states, and many Indigenous communities. For Indigenous communities of the region, French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest provides an important context of colonialism, global economics, and the complicated nature of cross-cultural encounters. For non-Indigenous communities, the book also encourages an appreciation for the complexities of history often overlooked by celebratory histories of colonization. French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest is a resource in which people see themselves and their families in a complicated, accessible, and inspiring story of the past.Le livre lauréat de la professeure Barman, French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest, portant sur une région diversifiée au plan environnemental et culturel et chevauchant aujourd’hui deux pays, deux provinces, trois états et de nombreuses communautés autochtones, représente une ressource pour les Autochtones comme les non-Autochtones du plateau de la rivière Columbia et du nord-ouest du Pacifique. Pour les communautés Autochtones de la région, cet ouvrage ouvre une importante perspective sur le colonialisme, l’économie mondiale et la nature complexe des échanges culturels. Pour les communautés non-Autochtones, il sensibilise les lecteurs à la complexité d’une histoire souvent négligée dans les récits triomphalistes sur la colonisation. French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest se veut ainsi un outil permettant aux populations de se voir, elles et leurs familles, à travers une trame historique à la fois compliquée, accessible et digne d’inspiration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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