26242 research outputs found
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A214: Effects of Tai Chi and Brisk Walking on Sensation in PN Elders
No full textPeripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prevalent neurological disorder, affecting 26–39.2% of adults aged 65 and older due to peripheral nerve degeneration and associated conditions like diabetes. PN leads to sensory impairments, including diminished tactile sensation, increased fall risk, and mobility issues. Tai Chi (TC) is a low-impact exercise shown to enhance sensory function and balance in healthy older adults, but its effects on PN patients remain unclear. Brisk walking (BW) is a widely recommended exercise for older adults, yet its impact on sensory function in PN is not well-established. This study compares TC and BW interventions on tactile sensation in older adults with PN. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 older adults (≥65 years) diagnosed with PN, randomly assigned to TC or BW groups. Both groups participated in supervised sessions, three times per week for eight weeks, including a 5-minute warm-up, 40-minute exercise, 10-minute rest, and 5-minute cool-down. Tactile sensation was assessed using the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament at five-foot locations. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, with post hoc tests applied when significant interactions (p \u3c 0.05) were detected. Significant interactionwere observed at the heel (p = 0.044, η²p = 0.137) and the fifth metatarsal head (p = 0.034, η²p = 0.151), with the TC group showing greater reductions in tactile sensation thresholds at week 9 (heel: p \u3c 0.001, d = 1.32; fifth metatarsal: p \u3c 0.001, d = 1.4) than BW (p \u3e 0.05; p = 0.025, d = 0.78). TC demonstrated greater improvements in tactile sensation among PN compared to BW. This effect may be attributed to TC’s unique movement structure, which includes multiple rotational movements using the heel as a pivot point, increasing heel stimulation, and potentially enhancing tactile sensation. Additionally, TC incorporates lateral movements that engage mechanoreceptors on the lateral aspect of the foot, which are less frequently activated in other forms of exercise. This targeted activation may contribute to improved cutaneous sensitivity in the lateral foot region
A126: Stratification, Technology, Integration: A Three-Dimensionally Driven Model for Structured Recess in Chinese High School
No full textAddressing issues such as monotonous formats, lack of personalization, and insufficient moral education integration in high school sports break activities, this study innovatively constructs a Hierarchy-Technology-Moral Education tripartite-driven model based on the KDL Physical and Health Curriculum philosophy and the Shandong Provincial Implementation Plan for Sunshine Sports Break in Primary and Secondary Schools. The aim to enhance students’ physical fitness through scientific and personalized designs while deepening the integration of sports and moral education. Targeting students from Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone Senior High School, the model implemented hierarchical grouping (basic, advanced, and specialty groups), modular activity design, and dynamic group management to transcend traditional class boundaries. Leveraging the DingTalk platform, digital tracking tools (e.g., individual evaluation cards and class credit systems) and real-time feedback mechanisms were utilized to optimize precision exercise protocols. Post-implementation, the excellent/good rate in physical fitness tests increased by 10.5%, with 86.5% participation in personalized sports activities. Dynamic stratified management effectively addressed students’ diverse needs, digital tools streamlined evaluation processes, and moral education embedded in sports activities demonstrated a positive correlation with improved behavioral norms and value formation among students. This study transcends the limitations of traditional sports breaks by employing hierarchical instruction to address individual differences, technology to enhance management efficiency, and moral education integration to amplify the pedagogical value of sports. Limitations include the need for refined dynamic adjustment mechanisms for stratification criteria, with future research proposing AI integration for personalized management. Practically, this model provides an innovative precision + digital + moral education paradigm for high school physical education, advancing the implementation of the Five Educations Initiative (Moral, Intellectual, Physical, Aesthetic, and Labor Education)
A200: Biomechanical Analysis of Lower Limb Running Mechanics in Footwear with Different Heel Drops
No full textShoe companies produce running shoes that feature either reinforced (e.g., maximalist) or diminished (e.g., minimalist) midsole thicknesses, claiming potential benefits for injury prevention and enhanced running performance. Previous research has examined various footwear models available on the market, specifically investigating the effects of different midsole thicknesses. However, no studies have specifically focused on the biomechanical factors associated with carbon plate minimalist shoes. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the effects of midsole thicknesses of 0mm, 6mm, and 8mm on the kinematic and kinetic parameters observed in elite runners, utilizing a standardized test shoe prototype. Method: Thirteen male participants, all habitual rearfoot strikers, were recruited from local social running clubs. A three-dimensional motion capture system (Vicon, Oxford, UK) consisting of ten cameras was employed to collect and analyze running kinematic data at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz. Ground reaction forces were recorded using a Kistler Type 9281 B force plate (Kistler Instrument AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the biomechanical variables using SPSS version 25.0. We observed a significant interaction between heel drop and peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), foot strike angle (FSA), and propulsion force. Runners exhibited a reduced FSA when wearing DF6 and DF0 shoes compared to DF8 shoes. However, we did not observe a shift in running strike patterns. The results indicate that shoes with a higher heel drop (DF8) lead to a decrease in peak vGRF, ankle dorsiflexion moment, and knee flexion moment. Furthermore, shoes with a lower drop significantly increased peak propulsion force, ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion angle, knee flexion angle, and hip extension angle when compared to thicker shoes (DF8). This study primarily investigates the immediate effects of three different heel-drop running shoes on strike patterns, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) peak force, joint angles, and joint moments during the running stance phase. The results offer insights into the mechanisms by which newly developed running shoes can enhance elite runners\u27 performance. Furthermore, the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) findings from this study assess the differences throughout the entire stance phase, thereby improving our understanding of how variations in heel height influence running performance
A225: Applications of Digitalization, AI, and Big Data in Sports Science Research and Practice
No full textThe rapid advancement of digitization, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data has revolutionized various industries. In the field of sports and exercise science, these technologies provide comprehensive insights into athlete performance, injury prevention, and personalized training (Smith & Johnson, 2022; Lee, 2021). However, the benefits and applications of these technologies in sports and exercise science remain understudied. Therefore, this study provides a systematic literature review of the impact and applications of digitization, AI, and big data in sports and exercise science. The search strategy followed the PEO framework and the PRESS checklist. Five databases were used for searching: ACM Digital Library, IEEEXplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Search terms were ‘’Digitization’’ OR ‘’Artificial Intelligence’’ OR ‘’Big Data’’ AND ‘’Sport and exercise science’’. The selection criteria were: (1) The research was peer reviewed; (2) The research used at least one of the technologies, including digitization, AI, and big data; (3) The research addressed the field of sports and exercise science, such as sport training. (4) the research published in English or Chinese. All the results were checked for duplicates and screened via the Covidence platform. After removal and exclusion, 32 results remained. The research was conducted by mixed methods (N=6), quantitative methods (N=17), and qualitative methods (N=9). We found that (1) the impact primarily revealed significant improvements in performance metrics among athletes who utilized digitization and AI-based training programs in laboratory experimental environments. (2) he research on the application of digitization, AI, and big data related to the usage of enhancing training efficiency and injury prevention using wearable devices and AI algorithms. Conclusions/Discussion: Our findings contribute to the growing body of research indicating the benefits of digitization, AI, and big data in sports and exercise science. Future research could use qualitative research to identify the common themes and patterns of positive experiences with these technologies among professional athletes from a variety of sports disciplines
A061: Analysis of the Current Situation of Table Tennis Players\u27 Burnout
No full textBurnout is a significant issue among athletes, especially those undergoing high-intensity training and facing competitive pressures. Table tennis players, due to the demands of their sport, are particularly vulnerable. Burnout can impair performance, mental health, and lead to training interruptions or early career termination. This study investigates the prevalence of burnout among table tennis players, examining differences based on gender, age, sports grade, and training duration, to inform targeted interventions. Method: The study utilized a comprehensive approach to data collection and analysis. Firstly, a literature review was conducted to establish a theoretical framework for understanding athlete burnout. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of table tennis players, using the standardized Athlete Burnout Questionnaire to assess their levels of burnout. The data collected were then analyzed using mathematical statistics to identify significant differences and trends. Specifically, the study examined the impact of gender, age, sports grade, and years of training on burnout levels among the participants. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in burnout levels between male and female table tennis players, nor among players of different sports grades. However, significant differences were observed in burnout levels across different age groups and years of training experience(p \u3c .05). Specifically, older players and those with longer training durations exhibited higher levels of burnout. This suggests that age and training experience are critical factors influencing burnout among table tennis players. The findings highlight the importance of addressing burnout among table tennis players, particularly those who are older and have longer training histories. The study concludes that burnout is a significant issue that should not be overlooked. It is recommended that interventions be designed to target age, training duration, sports grade, and career status to effectively reduce burnout levels. Future research could further explore the underlying mechanisms of burnout and develop more tailored intervention strategies to support the mental health and career longevity of table tennis players
A190: Exercise-Produced Β-Hydroxybutyrate as a Potential Therapeutic Metabolite for Type 2 Diabetes
No full textConsidering the progressive enhancement of individuals’ quality of life and the concomitant alteration in dietary patterns, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has experienced a marked upsurge in recent times, increasingly manifesting as a pivotal global public health emergency that necessitates immediate attention. T2DM is a long-term metabolic condition with widespread complications that significantly impact the well-being and lifespan of those affected. Physical activity has been shown to prevent and improve the occurrence and progression of T2DM, and exercise can increase the expression of β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB). β-HB is recognized as the primary ketone body (KB) present within the human body. It is mainly produced in the liver, from where it is transported to various peripheral tissues such as the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, where it is utilized as a vital energy source. Beyond its role as an energy substrate that supports metabolic homeostasis, β-HB also acts as a signaling molecule. Its signaling capabilities extend to influencing processes occurring both at the cell surface and within the intracellular environment. Such functions suggest that β-HB may have a significant role in the development of T2DM and a variety of other human health issues. Method: This review used exercise, β-HB, T2DM, and their complications as the keywords, searched PubMed and Web of science (up to January 2025), and collated them and aiming to highlight the recent research developments concerning β-HB and its implications for T2DM and its related complications. It provides a comprehensive examination of β-HB\u27s biosynthetic pathways, elaborates on its physiological roles, and explores its potential as a therapeutic agent. By detailing these aspects, the manuscript seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of β-HB’s impact on health and disease, particularly in relation to metabolic disorders like T2DM and the effect of exercise on β-HB. The findings indicate that Exercise can promote β-HB production and β-HB, as an energy metabolism substrate, modulates glucose and lipid metabolism, preserves pancreatic β-cell integrity, and ameliorates insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, β-HB acts as a signaling agent that may improve the control of T2DM and its complications impacting various organs by facilitating the stability of cellular proteins, minimizing oxidative stress, managing inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, while also modulating mitochondrial biosynthesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Exercise-generated β-HB may be a potential metabolite for the diagnosis and treatment of T2DM and its complications
A018: Impact of Unanticipated and Backhand Area Smash Landing on Female Badminton Players’ Lower Limb Biomechanics
No full textIn badminton, lower limb injuries frequently occur during unanticipated smash landing movements. Additionally, the risk of lower limb injuries may vary depending on different landing strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of unanticipated factors and two types of smash actions in the backhand area on lower limb biomechanics. Method: A motion capture system (Motion Analysis Raptor-4, USA) and Kistler force plates (model 9287B, 90 cm × 60 cm × 10 cm, Kistler Instruments AGCorp., Switzerland) were used to collect biomechanic data of 13 female athletes during backhand rear-court jump smash (BRJS) and backhand lateral jump smash (BLJS) in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA (jump smash movement × expected condition) was used to analyze the effects of the jump smash movement and expected conditions on lower limb biomechanics. When the main effects were significant, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction. Open-source software package spm1d (http://spm1d.org) in MATLAB R2019a (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) was used for analysis. The results indicated that BRJS and BLJS resulted in higher vertical instantaneous load rates (p= 0.003, =0.314) and knee extension moments (p= 0.013, =0.231) at initial contact (IC) under unanticipated conditions. The main effect results indicated that BRJS had greater knee abduction angles (p= 0.03, = 0.182) and knee adduction moments (p= 0.01, =0.248) at IC than BLJS, while the interaction effects showed that BRJS had a greater frontal plane center of pressure displacement under unanticipated conditions (p= 0.041, = 0.186). BLJS showed greater knee extension moments (p= 0.013, =0.231) and smaller knee (p= 0.002, = 0.347) and hip (p \u3c 0.001, = 0.491) flexion angles at IC compared to BRJS. Additionally, BLJS demonstrated higher peak ankle internal rotation moments (p= 0.018, =0.212) than BRJS, with a greater peak ankle inversion moment under unanticipated conditions. Conclusions/Discussion: Unanticipated factors significantly impacted the biomechanics of both smash landing actions, potentially increasing the risk of ACL injuries. Moreover, nanticipated factors may increase the risk of ankle sprains during the BLJS movement
A093: Blood Flow Restriction with Calf-Raise Exercises on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, and Jump Performance
No full textBlood flow restriction training (BFRT) has been increasingly utilized in athletic training. Recent studies have demonstrated that blood flow restriction training (BFRT) combined with lower-limb exercises and knee-specific exercises can improve muscle strength, muscle endurance, and lower-limb jump performance. However, no research has explored the effects of BFR combined with ankle-specific exercises on improving these functional outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of BFRT and heavy-slow resistance training (HSRT) on muscle strength, endurance, and jump performance. Method: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive either BFRT or HSRT for eight weeks, with three sessions per week. Outcomes were assessed by measuring single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ) height, single-leg drop jump (SL-DJ) height, maximal isometric muscle strength (maximal voluntary isometric contraction test), and muscle endurance (heel raise test) before and after the intervention. Independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences between the two interventions, while paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate within-group differences before and after the intervention. The significance level was set at p\u3c0.05. Compared to baseline, HSRT resulted in a 49% increase in muscle strength (Pre: 136.38N-m, Post: 203.15N-m) and a 22.5% increase in muscle endurance (Pre: 33.09, Post: 40.55), while BFRT resulted in a 45.9% increase in muscle strength (Pre: 135.65N-m, Post: 197.87N-m) and a 53.8% increase in muscle endurance (Pre: 33.15, Post: 51.00). Both groups showed significant changes in SL-CMJ height (HSRT: +12.1% [Pre: 0.162m, Post: 0.182m], BFRT: +15.0% [Pre: 0.160m, Post: 0.184m]) and SL-DJ height (HSRT: +12.7% [Pre: 0.169m, Post: 0.191m], BFRT: +19.1% [Pre: 0.175m, Post: 0.208m]). No statistically significant between-group differences were found for muscle strength (P=0.825) and jump performance (SL-CMJ: P=0.922, SL-DJ: P=0.478). However, the BFRT group showed a significant difference in muscle endurance compared to the HSRT group (P=0.03). This study reveals that both BFRT and HSRT can improve muscle strength, muscle endurance, and jump performance. BFRT shows even greater potential than HSRT to improve muscle endurance. Previous research utilizing BFRT and HSRT for Achilles tendon training shows that BFRT can induce comparable changes in cross-sectional area and tendon stiffness to HSRT. Based on these findings, we suggest that future research focus on the mechanisms by which BFRT combined with calf-rise training improves muscle strength, muscle endurance, and jumping performance
A047: Center of Gravity Movement: Mediating Effects and Mechanisms on Scoliosis in College Students
No full textMaintaining a neutral pelvic position and balanced center of gravity is essential for promoting spinal health in college students. This study examines how pelvic neutral displacement impacts scoliosis progression, based on the mediating effect of center of gravity movement. Method: (1)A cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 randomly selected college students (294 females, 212 males; age 21.73 ± 2.74 years). Measurement indicators included the Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR), pelvic rotation angle, pelvic tilt angle, and center of gravity movements within 10 seconds. (2) Multivariate linear regression analysis examined correlations between pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, center of gravity movement, and scoliosis characteristics (type, region, and direction). (3)A structural equation model was used to assess how pelvic neutral displacement and center of gravity movement interact in scoliosis progression. (4)Based on the above, the importance of center of gravity balance and pelvic neutrality for spinal health was validated. The scoliosis detection rate was 18.5%, with lumbar scoliosis accounting for 49.2%. Scoliosis with ATR \u3e 5° showed a positive correlation with pelvic rotation (r = 0.304, P \u3c 0.01). Lumbar scoliosis was linked to pelvic tilt and center of gravity movement. Pelvic tilt directly influenced ATR (e = 0.2344) and indirectly affected ATR via center of gravity movement (e = 0.1002), with the strongest effect observed in right-sided lumbar scoliosis. College students with ATR \u3e 5° scoliosis exhibit increased pelvic rotation and center of gravity movement, leading to reduced balance ability. Pelvic tilt influences lumbar scoliosis via center of gravity movement. Neutral pelvic position should be fully considered in the treatment of lumbar scoliosis patients to enhance symmetrical pelvic mobility and stabilize the center of gravity
A245: Exercise Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Drosophila by Regulating Lipin Expression
No full textHigh-fat diet (HFD) induces systemic lipid metabolism disorders and cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias, decreased cardiac contractility, and other pathological phenotypes. Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention has potential protective effects against metabolic diseases, but its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Lipin genes play a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis by integrating lipid synthesis, catabolism, and energy-sensing signals. In this study, we used Drosophila as a model to investigate whether exercise ameliorates HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction in Drosophila by regulating the expression of Lipin, a key gene for lipid metabolism. Method: Wild-type female Drosophila (n=360) within 12 hours of pinning were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=120 per group): normal diet control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat exercise intervention (HE). The NC group was continuously fed a normal diet (containing yeast, corn, and starch), while the HFD and HE groups received a high-fat feed intervention containing 30% coconut oil (v/v) for 5 days starting at 5 days of age. The HE groups performed 1.5 hours of endurance exercise daily from 5 days of age until 10 days of age. Twenty-four hours after the end of the intervention, Lipin mRNA expression levels in cardiac tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, and cardiac beats were recorded by an EM-CCD camera (130 frames/s), which was combined with semiautomatic optical analysis software to quantify cardiac function parameters such as heart rate, cardiac cycle, systolic intervals, arrhythmia index, diastolic diameter, and shortening fraction. Compared with the NC group, cardiac Lipin expression was significantly upregulated in the HFD group (P \u3c 0.01) and was accompanied by accelerated heart rate (P \u3c 0.001), prolonged cardiac cycle (P \u3c 0.05), shortened systolic intervals (P \u3c 0.05), increased arrhythmia indices (P \u3c 0.001), decreased diastolic diameters (P \u3c 0.05), and reduced shortening fraction (P \u3c 0.001). Compared with the HFD group, Lipin expression was significantly downregulated in the HE groups (P \u3c 0.01), with slowed heart rate (P \u3c 0.001), shortened cardiac cycle (P \u3c 0.05), prolonged systolic intervals (P \u3c 0.05), reduced arrhythmia index (P \u3c 0.001), increased diastolic diameter (P \u3c 0.05) and elevated shortening fraction (P \u3c 0.001). There was no statistical difference in Lipin expression and various cardiac function indexes (heart rate, ejection fraction, etc.) between the HE group and the NC group (P\u3e0.05), suggesting that the exercise intervention could completely reverse the HFD-induced cardiac phenotypic abnormalities. Exercise significantly ameliorates pathological phenotypes such as arrhythmia, systolic dysfunction, and reduced pumping efficiency in Drosophila on a high-fat diet by down-regulating cardiac Lipin expression