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Dataset from Effects of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in growing Sprague Dawley rats
No full textMethods
Preparation of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts
Moringa oleifera fresh leaves (7.5 kg) were sourced from the Agricultural Research Council Research (ARC) Farm, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa. The plant was authenticated and a voucher specimen (Id: J 103704) deposited at the Moss Herbarium of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. The leaves were desiccated in an oven (Salvis®, Salvis Lab, Schweiz, Switzerland) set at 40ºC. The leaves were then pulverized using a blender (Waring Commercial Blender, HGB2WTG4, USA). Within a 24 hour period, the powder was extracted with absolute methanol (Merck (pty) Ltd, South Africa) (100 g in 400 ml) on a shaker. The mixture was then filtered through Whatmann No.1 filter paper, and concentrated using a rotary evaporator (Buchi Rotavapor-R, Buchi Laboratoriums Technik AG, Schweiz, Switzerland) at 40°C. The condensed extract was then oven-dried (Salvis®, Salvis Lab, Schweiz, Switzerland) at 40°C. A 6% yield of dried extract was obtained and then stored in tightly sealed dark bottles at -4°C until use.
Design of the experiment
The Animal Ethics Screening Committee (AESC) of the University of the Witwatersrand approved the study (Reference No: 2015/11/51/B) which was conducted according to the internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care as stipulated in South African National Standard (SANS 10386:2008) and Animals Protection Act, 1962: Act No. 71.
Fifty 21-day old weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 40-60g were individually housed in a well ventilated room at a temperature of 26±2°C in the Central Animal Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The animal room was maintained on a 12-hour alternating light and dark cycle (illumination turned off between 7pm-7am). Standard rat polycarbon cages which contained clean wood shavings for bedding were used to house the rats individually. The treatment intervention commenced after the rats were allowed two days of adaptation to the environment.
Pups were randomly allocated to six treatment groups which all received commercially sourced rat chow [LabChef Rodent Breeder, Nutritionalhub (PTY) LTD, Stellenbosch, South Africa] formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of rats ad libitum for the 10 week period of intervention. Plain drinking water and plain gelatine cubes were given to Group I (C; n=9); 20% fructose solution as drinking fluid (Mamikutty et al. 2015) and plain gelatine cubes were given to Group II (Fr; n= 9) to induce metabolic dysfunction; 20% fructose solution as drinking fluid and 400 mg.kg-1 body weight of methanolic extract of M. oleifera (Muhammad et al. 2018) were given to Group III (Fr + Mo; n= 8) in which the prophylactic effects of the Moringa extracts were investigated against fructose induced metabolic dysfunction; 20% fructose solution as drinking fluid and 100 mg.kg-1 body weight of fenofibrate (Sigma-Aldrich, France) (Abd El-Haleim et al. 2016) were given to Group IV (Fr + Fn; n= 8) as the positive control group; 400 mg.kg-1 body weight of methanolic extract of M. oleifera and plain drinking water were given to Group V (Mo; n= 8) to investigate the effects of Moringa alone and 100 mg.kg-1 body weight of fenofibrate and plain drinking water were given to Group VI (Fn; n= 8) to investigate the effects of fenofibrate alone. Flavoured gelatine cubes (2 ml) were used to suspend the Moringa extracts and fenofibrate and were given one daily. The fructose solution and plain drinking water were provided ad libitum.
Measurement of body mass
The rats were weighed at induction, thereafter they were weighed twice a week to determine gain in body mass and monitor growth performance in order to ensure that the rats received appropriate doses of the treatments.
Procedures performed at termination
A day prior to termination, the rats were fasted of feed for 12 hours overnight with access to plain drinking water. The terminal body masses of the rats were obtained and thereafter two drops of blood were taken following a pin prick to the tail vein. The fasting blood concentrations of glucose and triglycerides were measured using a glucose meter (Contour Plus Bayer Health Care, Diabetes Care, Isando, South Africa) and a triglyceride meter (Accutrend, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) respectively. An intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbitone (Centaur Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa) at 150 mg.kg-1 body weight was used to euthanase the rats.
The ventral thorax and abdomen were incised along the midline, and intra-cardiac blood was drawn and transferred into heparinized vacutainers and then centrifuged (Rotofix 32A, Hettich Zentrifugen, Germany) at 3700 revolutions per minute for 15 minutes. The harvested plasma was stored at -20˚C for later use. The liver, visceral and epididymal fat were removed, weighed and expressed relative to terminal body mass. A section of each liver sample was preserved at minus 20˚C for lipid content determination while rest was fixed in 10% phosphate buffered formalin for histological evaluation.
Hepatic lipid content determination
The frozen stored liver samples were lyophilised, milled and pooled into a composite sample for each group. Hepatic lipid content was quantified in triplicate for each group by solvent (petroleum ether) extraction at an accredited laboratory of the Agricultural Research Council (Irene Analytical Services Laboratory) using Tecator Soxtec apparatus with standard protocols (Official Methods of Analysis of Analytical Chemists, 2005).
Histological examination of the liver
The fixed liver samples were processed with an automatic tissue processor (Microm STP 120, ThermoScientific, MA, USA), embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 5µm using a rotary microtome [Leica Instruments GmbH, (PTY) LTD, Germany] and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Masson’s trichrome and then cover slipped. The H&E slides were viewed under a light microscope (×100) to evaluate the progression of fatty liver. Similarly, the Masson’s trichrome stained slides were viewed under a light microscope (×40) to determine collagen deposition and fibrosis.
General health profile markers
A VetTest analyser (IDEXX VetTest® Clinical Chemistry Analyser, IDEXX Laboratories Inc., USA) was used to determine the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Fasting serum insulin concentration (ng.ml-1) was ascertained using an Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay kit (Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd), which was then expressed as (µU.ml-1) using the formula (Darby et al. 2001):
1 ng.ml-1 of insulin is equivalent to 0.02 µU.ml-1
The insulin resistance index was computed according to the Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA-IR) using the following formula (Divi et al. 2012):
“HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (µU.ml-1) × fasting glucose (mmol.l-1) ÷ 22.5”
Statistical analysis
Analysis of the data was done with GraphPad Prism 5.0v for windows (GraphPad Software, Inc. CA), and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analysed by means of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This was followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test for comparison of the means. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.Cleaned data from the experiement conducted with 21-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats . These rats(n=50) were randomized to six treatment groups (n=8-9) with unlimited access to commercial rat feed. Either plain water (C) or 20% fructose solution (Fr) were provided to drink. 400 mg.kg-1 M. oleifera methanolic leaf extract (Mo) or 100 mg.kg-1 fenofibrate were also administered daily for ten weeks. Growth, circulating metabolites, visceral and epididymal fat pads mass, hepatic lipids and general health markers were assessed. Liver samples were histologically examined using H&E stain. Analysis of the data was done with GraphPad Prism 5.0v for windows (GraphPad Software, Inc. CA), and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analysed by means of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.We acknowledge the Medical Faculty Research Endowment Fund, Faculty of Health Sciences Research Committee and School of Physiology of the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa (Grant No: 001.401.8521101…PHSLMFR); National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No: IFR 2010041900009); Federal University Birnin Kebbi (Nigeria) and Tertiary Education Trust Fund of Nigeria for supporting the MSc candidate.The Animal Ethics Screening Committee (AESC) of the University of the Witwatersrand approved the study (Reference No: 2015/11/51/B) which was conducted according to the internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care as stipulated in South African National Standard (SANS 10386:2008) and Animals Protection Act, 1962: Act No. 71.
Fifty 21-day old weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 40-60g were individually housed in a well ventilated room at a temperature of 26±2°C in the Central Animal Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The animal room was maintained on a 12-hour alternating light and dark cycle (illumination turned off between 7pm-7am). Standard rat polycarbon cages which contained clean wood shavings for bedding were used to house the rats individually. The treatment intervention commenced after the rats were allowed two days of adaptation to the environment.List of variables
1. Body mass (g)
2. Glucose (mmol.l-1)
3. Insulin (ng.ml-1)
4. HOMA-IR index
5. Triglycerides (mmol.l-1)
6. Cholesterol (mg.dl-1)
7. Visceral fat pad (% body mass)
8. Epididymal fat pad (% body mass)
9. Liver (% body mass)
10. Alanine aminotransferase [ALT (U.l-1)]
11. Creatinine (mg.dl-1)
12. Blood urea nitrogen [BUN (mg.dl-1)]
13. U:Cr
14. Hepatic lipid storage (% liver mass)NSLdata subset maleHepatic lipid content determination
The frozen stored liver samples were lyophilised, milled and pooled into a composite sample for each group. Hepatic lipid content was quantified in triplicate for each group by solvent (petroleum ether) extraction at an accredited laboratory of the Agricultural Research Council (Irene Analytical Services Laboratory) using Tecator Soxtec apparatus with standard protocols (Official Methods of Analysis of Analytical Chemists, 2005).
Histological examination of the liver
The fixed liver samples were processed with an automatic tissue processor (Microm STP 120, ThermoScientific, MA, USA), embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 5µm using a rotary microtome [Leica Instruments GmbH, (PTY) LTD, Germany] and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Masson’s trichrome and then cover slipped. The H&E slides were viewed under a light microscope (×100) to evaluate the progression of fatty liver. Similarly, the Masson’s trichrome stained slides were viewed under a light microscope (×40) to determine collagen deposition and fibrosis.
General health profile markers
A VetTest analyser (IDEXX VetTest® Clinical Chemistry Analyser, IDEXX Laboratories Inc., USA) was used to determine the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Fasting serum insulin concentration (ng.ml-1) was ascertained using an Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay kit (Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd), which was then expressed as (µU.ml-1) using the formula (Darby et al. 2001):
1 ng.ml-1 of insulin is equivalent to 0.02 µU.ml-1
The insulin resistance index was computed according to the Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA-IR) using the following formula (Divi et al. 2012):
“HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (µU.ml-1) × fasting glucose (mmol.l-1) ÷ 22.5
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
The Complete Muhammad Ali
No full textIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Intro -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- The Curious History of an Icon -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- Did the Secret Government Fear a U.S. Muslim/Overseas Muslim Alliance? -- CHAPTER 8 -- CHAPTER 9 -- The Break Between the Prophet and his Disciple -- CHAPTER 10 -- CHAPTER 11 -- CHAPTER 12 -- The GOAT (Greatest Of All Time): Ali or Louis? -- CHAPTER 13 -- The Nation of Islam, the Mob, Showdowns in Canada and Sonny Liston -- CHAPTER 14 -- CHAPTER 15 -- The Taunts: Marketing or Racism? -- CHAPTER 16 -- CHAPTER 17 -- CHAPTER 18 -- CHAPTER 19 -- Boxing and the Brain -- CHAPTER 20 -- Ali's Feet -- CHAPTER 21 -- Mr. Dick -- CHAPTER 22 -- CHAPTER 23 -- The Opening Ceremonies, November 2005 -- CHAPTER 24 -- December 2005, Las Vegas -- CHAPTER 25 -- CHAPTER 26 -- June 16, 2004 -- CHAPTER 27 -- CHAPTER 28 -- CHAPTER 29 -- Aix-en-Provence -- CHAPTER 30 -- Ali as a Black Nationalist -- San Francisco, January 2004 Black Liberation Book Fair -- CHAPTER 31 -- January 31, 2004 -- CHAPTER 32 -- October 2005, Chicago -- CHAPTER 33 -- Why Ali remained with Elijah instead of following Malcolm -- CHAPTER 34 -- CHAPTER 35 -- February 4, 2006, Oakland, California -- CHAPTER 36 -- Like Zeus Descending from Mount Olympus -- CHAPTER 37 -- CHAPTER 38 -- Tuesday, February 28, 2006, New York -- CHAPTER 39 -- Bigger Than Boxing -- CHAPTER 40 -- Tribes Gallery, New York, April 2006 -- CHAPTER 41 -- June 2006, Louisville, Kentucky -- CHAPTER 42 -- CHAPTER 43 -- CHAPTER 45 -- Bad Company -- CHAPTER 46 -- Coxson, A Very Charming Rogue -- CHAPTER 47 -- Ali and the largest embezzlement scheme in Wells Fargo history -- CHAPTER 48 -- CHAPTER 49 -- "Lonnie is a stabilizing force."-Harry Belafonte -- October 29, 2006 -- CHAPTER 50 -- Abdul Rahman -- CHAPTER 51 -- CHAPTER 52 -- CHAPTER 53How Will Ali Be Remembered? New York, January 8, 2005 -- CHAPTER 54 -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- Boxers' Rights? -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- MUHAMMAD ALI -- ISLAM AND NATION OF ISLAM -- BOXING -- RELATED SUBJECTS -- ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BARAKA BOOKSIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kitab Washaya Al-Aba’ Li Al-Abna Karya Muhammad Syakir Al-Iskandari
No full textThis research aims to identify the character education values contained in the book Washaya al-Aba' li al-Abna Muhammad Syakir and the role of his opinion on the richness of character education values. It is hoped that this research can be used as a source or reference in efforts to develop education and character as a whole, especially character education according to Islam. It can also be used as a reference to facilitate understanding of character education and as a reference for relevant research in the future. This research method is qualitative and uses a narrative biography method. By using a descriptive presentation approach, this autobiography of the character's thoughts combines the ideas of character education from his work. Library research, or library research, is a research method that involves books, articles, notes and electronic media. with primary sources from the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna and secondary sources from study books. In this research, data collection was carried out through the documentation method, which includes searching for data through variables such as notes, books, and articles, among others. The author used a content analysis study to analyze the data; they analyzed the data textually based on the contents of the book. The research results show that the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna contains 17 educational character values, divided into two categories: 10 character values fall into the moral category and 7 character values fall into the performance category. Faith and piety, love and obedience to the Messenger of Allah, respect for parents, respect for teachers, truth or honesty, nobility or self-respect, patience, sincerity and a simple life are moral characters. Performance characteristics also include trust, discipline, hard work, never giving up, love of the country, interest in reading or literacy knowledge, and concern for the environment
Biography of Muhammad Baba
No full textCe manuscrit est une biographie du savant islamique Muhammad Baba du village de Doumga, au Sénégal. Elle fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest.This manuscript is a biography of Islamic scholarMuhammad Baba of the village of Doumga, in Senegal. It is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa
Some Letters by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba
No full textCe manuscrit comprend des correspondances et un article. Les correspondances étaient destinées à plusieurs personnes. L'article a été réécrit lorsque l'auteur, Muhammad al-Ghali, travaillait à la radio nationale mauritanienne. L'article traite de la situation politique de la Mauritanie dans les années 80. Il discute des relations entre les partis politiques existants en Mauritanie.This manuscript includes correspondences and one article. The correspondences had been destined to several people. The article was written back when the author, Muhammad al-Ghali, was working at Mauritania' s National Radio. The article addresses the political situation of Mauritania in the 1980s. It discusses the relationship between the existing political parties in Mauritanian
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Poems of Sheikh Muhammad al-Ghaly Ba
No full textThis volume contains seven poems handwritten by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. According to the author's son, Mountaga Ba, the poems were probably composed in the mid-1970s a time when the author lived in Mauritania, while working at the country's national radio station and serving as a special counsel to then president Moktar Ould Daddah (1924–2003). The poems adress various issues. The first is a call to action addressed to the Mauritianian youth, urging them to join in the collective work for the development of the country. The second poem is a hagiography on Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba of Kaedi (Mauritania). The poem eulogizes the virtues of the patron. The third describes the event of Sharif Muhammad al-Habib's visit to the region of Fuuta region (Senegal), namely the village of Pate Galo. The fourth poem contains greetings and expresions of love addressed to the author's friends in the town of Kaedi. The fifth poem is a remembrance about good times. The author reminisces and praises the qualities of a woman named Jaari.The sixth poem describes one afternoon journey of the author. The seventh poem is a mournful praisesong in which the author laments the loss of a cherished person.Ce volume contient sept poèmes manuscrits de Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. Selon le fils de l'auteur, Mountaga Ba, les poèmes ont probablement été composés au milieu des années 1970, à une époque où l'auteur vivait en Mauritanie, alors qu'il travaillait à la radio nationale du pays et était conseiller spécial du président de l'époque, Moktar Ould Daddah (1924). –2003). Les poèmes abordent diverses questions. Le premier est un appel à l'action adressé aux jeunes mauriciens, les exhortant à s'associer au travail collectif pour le développement du pays. Le deuxième poème est une hagiographie sur Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba de Kaedi (Mauritanie). Le poème fait l'éloge des vertus du mécène. Le troisième décrit l'événement de la visite de Sharif Muhammad al-Habib dans la région de la région de Fuuta (Sénégal), à savoir le village de Pate Galo. Le quatrième poème contient des salutations et des expressions d'amour adressées aux amis de l'auteur dans la ville de Kaedi. Le cinquième poème est un souvenir des bons moments. L'auteur rappelle et loue les qualités d'une femme nommée Jaari. Le sixième poème décrit un après-midi de voyage de l'auteur. Le septième poème est une louange mélancolique dans laquelle l'auteur déplore la perte d'une personne chérie
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Keselarasan Antara Tasawuf dan Kehidupan Nabi Muhammad
No full textThe practice of Sufism in today\u27s society and what the prophet Muhammad did is often conceptual and practical differences. Sufism, which is the sum-sum of Islam, is often the target of attacks on the wrong practices of Sufism that occur today or for ignorance of good and true Sufism. This article tries to describe the life of Sufism, practice, and the spiritual condition of the Prophet Muhammad. In the scientific field and religious side, this will be traced in terms of Sufism practices carried out by the prophet Muhammad found in the hadiths and books. This journal was analyzed using qualitative methods of literature study. Related primary and secondary sources will be categorized which will be presented in the form of research results. Various sources that the author can reveal that the life of the prophet Muhammad was filled with Sufistic instruments, and a lifestyle like this is an ideal lifestyle. It can be concluded that this pattern of life is at the same time a treasure and \u27ibrah for the Sufi life, so it can be said that the Messenger of Allah has laid the spiritual foundations for his followers throughout the ages
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