127 research outputs found
Using Chromosomal Abnormalities and Germination Traits for the Assessment of Tritipyrum Amphiploid Lines under Seed-Aging and Germination Priming Treatments
No full textPrimary Trans Chromosomal Tritipyrum (PTCT) amphiploid is a new cereal grown in saline soil and brackish water for grain and forage production. We evaluated the tolerance to seed deterioration in 13 promising PTCT lines, assessing accelerated aging (AA) tests by using AA boxes with 100% relative humidity at 40 °C for 72 h. The (Ma/b)(Cr/b)F4 and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4) PTCT lines, more sensitive to seed aging, were primed with NaCl, Salicylic Acid (SA), and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) to increase the seed vigor of artificially aged seeds. Germination and emergence traits, biochemical parameters, and chromosomal abnormalities induced by artificial aging were measured in deteriorated and not-deteriorated seeds. The highest reduction percentages related to seed vigor were observed in (Ka/b)(Cr/b)F2 (34.52) and La(4B,4D)/b (28.15) lines, while the lowest was found in (Ma/b)(Cr/b)F4 (7.65) and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4 (7.46) lines. Seed aging also increases electrolytes, potassium, and protein leakages. Chromosomal abnormalities are caused by seed aging that interferes with chromosome behaviors during cell division. Seed priming on aged seeds revealed an increase in the germination percentage (GP) with PEG treatment, while the priming by SA showed an increase in seedling traits, such as the seedling length (SL2). In conclusion, we highlighted the potential use of different PTCT lines and the effective use of seed priming on deteriorated seed to enhance seed viability and seedling vigor as a useful tool for sustainable agriculture
Genetic Diversity of Trichoderma harzianum Isolates in Sunflower Rhizosphere: The Application of the URP Molecular Marker
No full textThe genetic diversity of 77 Trichoderma harzianum isolates collected from sunflower rhizosphere soils in Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, was evaluated by using the Universal Rice Primer (URP) molecular marker. The DNA band pattern of the isolates was developed using seven primers of this marker. These primers produced 186 gene loci, out of which 182 loci were polymorphic. Accordingly, the genetic diversity of the isolates was calculated, and their kinship relations were determined by cluster analysis using the NTSYS software package. URP-6R had the highest marker index among the studied primers, followed by URP-1F, URP-4R, and URP-25F, implying their higher efficiency in discriminating between the isolates. The results showed that the URP marker could discriminate between isolates using macroscopic morphological characteristics, such as color and colony type, potential of pigment production in the culture medium, and colony growth rate. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the geographical distribution of the isolates and the band patterns generated by the primers except for a few cases. The results generally revealed that the URP marker was an efficient tool for determining the genetic diversity of T. harzianum
Aegilops crassa Cytotypes in Some Regions of Türkiye
No full textA new hexaploid cytotype of Aegilops crassa has been identified in Türkiye. To assess the ploidy levels of native populations, 50 samples from Adıyaman, Batman, Bitlis, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Mardin, Siirt, Şanlıurfa, Şırnak, and Van were analyzed using flow cytometry and cytogenetic techniques. DNA content was determined by comparison with standard plants. Results confirmed two cytotypes in Türkiye: tetraploid populations from Batman, Bitlis, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Mardin, Siirt, Şanlıurfa, and Şırnak, and hexaploid accessions from Adıyaman and Van. Ten metaphase plates were analyzed. The tetraploid cytotype exhibited chromosome lengths of 8.95 ± 0.27 to 13.96 ± 0.13 µm, a total genome length of 165.51 ± 0.34 µm, and nuclear DNA content of 18.53 ± 0.29 to 20.37 ± 0.49 pg. Most chromosomes were metacentric, except for chromosomes 7, 8, 10, and 12, which were submetacentric. Two satellite pairs were found on chromosomes 4 and 10. The hexaploid cytotype showed chromosome lengths of 8.90 ± 0.16 to 14.06 ± 0.06 µm, a total genome length of 230.47 ± 0.23 µm, and nuclear DNA content of 33.40 ± 0.52 to 35.01 ± 0.31 pg. Most chromosomes were also metacentric, with three satellite pairs on chromosomes 3, 6, and 10. In conclusion, both tetraploid (2n = 2x = 28) and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cytotypes of Ae. crassa exist in Türkiye, with the hexaploid cytotype having potential for wheat breeding programs
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Morphological Spike Traits in Local Wheat Genotypes from the Van Lake Basin
No full textWheat landraces are considered a valuable resource of potential phenotypic variation that could be used in germplasm improvement. Here, we examined 588 local wheat genotypes collected from farmers’ fields at 127 locations around Van Lake Basin and evaluated the morphological diversity and trait associations using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. Spike and yield traits were measured and scored according to the UPOV and ICARDA phenotypic characterization criteria. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis divided the wheat samples into four main groups based on the number of spikelets (NOS), number of fertile spikelets (NFS), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and number of seeds per spike (NSS) and indicated a strong correlation between NOS and NFS. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the glume and awn color of most of the genotypes was black, and they were within the locally known Karakılçık group. Only two genotypes were excluded from the Karakılçık group; No. 231 was within the Geverik local wheat group, and genotype No. 579 was found to be Tir. The Hevidik and Kirik groups had the same spike color, but the Hevidik group had spikes similar to compactum wheat, whereas the Kirik group had larger spikes. Finally, genotype No. 57 varied from all other genotypes when all the measured traits were taken into consideration. Overall, the Van Lake Basin landraces combine broad similarity with meaningful phenotypic heterogeneity shaped by local environments and traditional on-farm selection. These findings provide practical cues for conservation efforts and for the use of landraces as valuable resources in future wheat breeding programs
The effects of Glomus intraradices on seedling growth parameters of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under salinity stress conditions
No full textThe effects of Glomus intraradices on seedling growthparameters of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under salinity stressconditionsTunçtürk, R.1*, Tunçtürk, M.1, Rezaee Danesh, Y.2, Najafi, S.1* and Toprak,T.11Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye;2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van,Türkiye.Tunçtürk, R., Tunçtürk, M., Rezaee Danesh, Y., Najafi, S. and Toprak, T. (2024). The effects ofGlomus intraradices on seedling growth parameters of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under salinitystress conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 20(6):2579-2588.Abstract Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth anddevelopment, threatening global agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-aridregions. Results indicated that increasing salt concentrations significantly inhibited seedlinggrowth in all studied parameters, with control plants (0 mM) exhibiting the highest growthvalues. The tallest plants measured 23.16 cm in the control treatment, while those exposed to200 mM salt reached only 13.12 cm. Although AMF applications did not show significanteffects on plant height, they positively influenced growth parameters in salt-free conditions.Statistical analysis revealed significant interactions between salt levels and AMF on root freshand dry weights, with the highest values recorded in the control group. Furthermore, AMFapplications generally promoted growth, particularly in non-saline conditions, corroboratingfindings from previous research highlighting mycorrhizae's role in enhancing plant stresstolerance. In conclusion, the research findings emphasize the detrimental impact of salinity onplant development and the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation as a strategy to mitigate theseeffects. These findings contribute to understanding the beneficial role of AMF in improving salttolerance and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in saline-prone environments.Keywords: Salinity, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Plant growth, Seedling development</p
Türkiye ve İran kökenli bazı Aegilops türlerinin karyotip karakterizasyounu
No full textYabani buğday türleri (Aegilops Sp. ) biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarına (soğuk iklim, kuraklık, hastalıklar, zararlı böcekler ve tuzluluk) dayanma bakımından oldukça geniş bir adaptasyon yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu türlerde kromozom sayımı ve morfolojilerin belirlenmesi bitki ıslahı çalışmaları açısından yüksek önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yabani buğday türlerinin genomlarının kromozom sayıları ve morfolojileri, karyotip analiziyle ve çekirdek DNA içerikleri de flositometri yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. İran ve Türkiye’nin değişik illerinden toplanan 10 farklı yabani buğday türünü (her bir tür için iki ülkeden beşer farklı coğrafyadan) toplam 100 örnek seçilmiştir. Tohum örneklerinden çimlendirme yöntemiyle elde edilen kök uçlarından kromozom gözlemleri için, orsein boyama metodu kullanılarak ezme preparatlar hazırlanmıştır. Gözlemlenen kromozom sayıları aşağıdaki gibi bulunmuştur. 1. Ae. biuncialis: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=20. 23 pg, 2. Ae. columnaris: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=21. 75pg, 3. Ae. Crassa (4x): 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=20. 44 pg, 4. Ae. cylindrica (6x) : 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=32. 58 pg, 5. Ae. speltoides Taush: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 20 pg, 6. Ae. speltoides Var. aucheri: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 22 pg, 7. Ae. speltoides Var. ligustica: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=11. 56 pg, 8. Ae. triaristata Var. vulgaris: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=21. 65 pg, 9. Ae. triuncialis: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=19. 27 pg, 10. Ae. umbellulata: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 58 pg. Sonuç olarak, Aegilops türlerinde kromozom morfolojileri ve çekirdek DNA içerikleri bakımından farklar saptanmıştır. Aynı türlerin farklı bölgelerdeki örneklerinde ortaya çıkan morfolojik farklılıklar o türlerin bulundukları bölgeye gösterdikleri adaptasyonla ilgilidir. Bu nedenle bu türlerde özellikle biyotik ve abiyotik strese dayanıklılık ıslah çalışmalarından önce kullanılabilir. Abstract Wild wheat species Aegilops sp. have a large adaptation ability regarding biotic and abiotic stress conditions (cold climate, drought, diseases, pests and salinity). Detemination of DNA contents per nucleus, chromosome number and morphology are very important for plant breeding. The objective of this study was to charaterize the genome of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Aegilops, by cytogenitic and flow cytometry methods. The seeds of 10 different species collected from Iran and Turkey..(5 different places in each country, totally 100 samples) were used. Root tips acquired from the seed samples by germination were prepared as squashed preparations for chromosome observations by using the orcein staining method. The number of chromosomes and nuclear DNA content of the species were determind as follows:1. Ae. biuncialis: 2n=28, nucleus DNA content =20. 23 pg, 2. Ae. columnaris:2n=28, nucleus DNA content =21. 75 pg, 3. Ae. crassa (4x):2n=28, nucleus DNA content =20. 44 pg, 4. Ae. cylindrica (6x) : 2n=28, nucleus DNA content = 32. 58 pg,. 5. Ae. speltoides Taush: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 20 pg, 6. Ae. speltoides Var. aucheri: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 22 pg, 7. Ae. speltoides Var. ligustica: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =11. 56 pg, 8. Ae. triaristata Var. vulgaris: 2n=28, nucleus DNA contents=21. 65 pg, 9. Ae. triuncialis: 2n=28, nucleus DNA content =19. 27 pg, 10. Ae. umbellulata: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 58 pg. In this study we reported that there is a significant diference between Aegilops speices in their.chromosomes morphology and nucleus DNA content
The effect of water stress and polymer on water use efficiency, yield and several morphological traits of sunflower under greenhouse condition
No full textMicropropagation of capers (Capparis spp.)
No full textCaper (Capparis spinosa L) is an important medicinal plant which is found in various countries of Mediterranean region including Turkey and Iran. The seeds of C. spinosa are very difficult to germinate because of high dormancy. The study aimed to find an effective method to germinate these seeds and subsequently use the developing seedlings in micro propagation experiments. Seeds were germinated successfully on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP, NAA and GA3. Later on the plantlets were used to obtain inter node, leaf and nodes and were regenerated on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP and NAA. The best shoot regeneration was achieved from the explants on MS medium containing 0.4 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l NAA. The shoots were pulse treated with 50 mg/l IBA for 5 minutes and then rooted on MS medium.Kebere (Capparis spinosa) bitkisi, Türkiye ve İran başta olmak üzere Akdeniz Bölgesinde yer alan ülkelerin doğal florasında bulunmaktadır. Kebere tohumlarında dormansi yüzünden çimlenmenin zor olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada kebere tohumlarının çimlenmesinde etkili, aynı zamanda mikro çoğaltımda kullanılabilecek olan bir yöntem geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tohumlar farklı oranlarda BAP, NAA ve GA3 içeren MS ortamında başarılı bir şekilde (% 100) çimlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra in vitro 'da gelişen bitkiciklerden alınan gövde, yaprak ve koltukaltı meristem eksplantları değişik oranlarda BAP ve NAA içeren MS ortamlarda rejenerasyona alınmıştır. En fazla sürgün rejenerasyonu 0.4 mg/l BAP ve 0.1 mg/l NAA içeren MS ortamından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sürgünler 50 mg/l IBA ile 5 dk muamele edilip, MS ortamında köklendirilmiştir
Karyotype characterization of some species of Aegilops from turkey and iran
No full textWild wheat species Aegilops sp. have a large adaptation ability regarding biotic and abiotic stress conditions (cold climate, drought, diseases, pests and salinity). Detemination of DNA contents per nucleus, chromosome number and morphology are very important for plant breeding. The objective of this study was to charaterize the genome of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Aegilops, by cytogenitic and flow cytometry methods. The seeds of 10 different species collected from Iran and Turkey (5 different places in each country, totally 100 samples) were used. Root tips acquired from the seed samples by germination were prepared as squashed preparations for chromosome observations by using the orcein staining method. The number of chromosomes and nuclear DNA content of the species were determind as follows:1. Ae. biuncialis: 2n=28, nucleus DNA content =20. 23 pg, 2. Ae. columnaris:2n=28, nucleus DNA content =21. 75 pg, 3. Ae. crassa (4x):2n=28, nucleus DNA content =20. 44 pg, 4. Ae. cylindrica (6x) : 2n=28, nucleus DNA content = 32. 58 pg, 5. Ae. speltoides Taush: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 20 pg, 6. Ae. speltoides Var. aucheri: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 22 pg, 7. Ae. speltoides Var. ligustica: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =11. 56 pg, 8. Ae. triaristata Var. vulgaris: 2n=28, nucleus DNA contents=21. 65 pg, 9. Ae. triuncialis: 2n=28, nucleus DNA content =19. 27 pg, 10. Ae. umbellulata: 2n=14, nucleus DNA content =10. 58 pg. In this study we reported that there is a significant diference between Aegilops speices in their chromosomes morphology and nucleus DNA content.Yabani buğday türleri (Aegilops Sp. ) biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarına (soğuk iklim, kuraklık, hastalıklar, zararlı böcekler ve tuzluluk) dayanma bakımından oldukça geniş bir adaptasyon yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu türlerde kromozom sayımı ve morfolojilerin belirlenmesi bitki ıslahı çalışmaları açısından yüksek önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yabani buğday türlerinin genomlarının kromozom sayıları ve morfolojileri, karyotip analiziyle ve çekirdek DNA içerikleri de flositometri yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. İran ve Türkiye'nin değişik illerinden toplanan 10 farklı yabani buğday türünü (her bir tür için iki ülkeden beşer farklı coğrafyadan) toplam 100 örnek seçilmiştir. Tohum örneklerinden çimlendirme yöntemiyle elde edilen kök uçlarından kromozom gözlemleri için, orsein boyama metodu kullanılarak ezme preparatlar hazırlanmıştır. Gözlemlenen kromozom sayıları aşağıdaki gibi bulunmuştur. 1. Ae. biuncialis: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=20. 23 pg, 2. Ae. columnaris: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=21. 75pg, 3. Ae. Crassa (4x): 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=20. 44 pg, 4. Ae. cylindrica (6x) : 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=32. 58 pg, 5. Ae. speltoides Taush: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 20 pg, 6. Ae. speltoides Var. aucheri: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 22 pg, 7. Ae. speltoides Var. ligustica: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=11. 56 pg, 8. Ae. triaristata Var. vulgaris: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=21. 65 pg, 9. Ae. triuncialis: 2n=28, çekirdek DNA içeriği=19. 27 pg, 10. Ae. umbellulata: 2n=14, çekirdek DNA içeriği=10. 58 pg.Bu çalışmanın sonucunda Aegilops türlerinin çekirdek DNA içeriği ve kromozom morfolojisi bakımından aralarındaki fark saptanmıştır
Effects of drought on physiological and morphological features of wild and domestic Turkish watermelon genotypes
No full text10th EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae -- OCT 15-18, 2012 -- Antalya, TURKEYWOS: 000345687100038This research was carried out between 2007 and 2008 to determine drought tolerance of domestic and wild watermelon genotypes in Sanliurfa (Turkey) condition. A total of 32 wild and domestic watermelon genotypes were used in this experiment. Morphological and physiological treatments such as leaf relative-water content, leaf temperature, chlorophyll contents, leaf water potential, leaf color, leaf area, number of stomata, width of stomata, length of stomata, plant height, number of nods on the plant, plant dry matter ratio, main stem diameter, turgority and final drought resistance tests were examined. Drip irrigation treatments included complete irrigation cut off, dry (I-0), full irrigation based on replenishment of soil water depleted from 0-90 cm profile (I-1) and 50 % full irrigation (I-2). At the end of the experiment, fifteen genotypes (Kar-24, Kar-25, Kar-27, Kar-59, Kar-86, Kar-114, Kar-143, Kar-147, Kar-163, Kar-185, Kar-197, Kar-203, Kar-215, Kar-218 and Kar-224) were found as tolerant and seventeen genotypes (Kar-26, Kar-35, Kar-37, Kar-39, Kar-98, Kar-99, Kar-117, Kar-140, Kar-154, Kar-177, Kar-184, Kar-212, Kar-234, Kar-243, Kar-330, Kar-332 and Kar-325) were found as intolerant.European Assoc Res Plant Breeding, Cukurova Univ, Minis Food, Agr & Livestock, Turkish Sci & Technol Council, Antalya Tarim, Manier Seed, Yuksel Seed, Syngenta, AG Seed, Fito Seed, Multi Seed, Nunhems, Rijk Zwaan, Bati Akdeniz Agr Res Inst, Alata Hort Res StatTurkish Scientific and Technological Research Council-TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107T613]; Cukurova University Research FundsThe author thank to Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council-TUBITAK (Project Number: 107T613) and Cukurova University Research Funds for their financial supports. The authors thank also to USDA-USA for their kindly help in seed supplying and Dr. I. Solmaz from Cukurova University for seed regeneration
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