1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sozialisation von politischer Beteiligung
No full textPolitische Partizipation ist ein bedeutendes Thema, wenn man sich mit dem Erhalt der Demokratie auseinandersetzt. In dieser Arbeit wird versucht die bedeutenden Sozialisationsfaktoren Familie, Freundeskreis, Ausbildungsstätte, Arbeitsplatz und Medien in ihrer Bedeutung auf das politische Potenzial von jungen ÖsterreicherInnen zu überprüfen. Dazu wurden 148 junge politisch aktive ÖsterreicherInnen in einer Onlinestudie befragt. Als aktiv wurden hier Jugendliche definiert, die sich in Jugend- und Studierendenparteien engagieren oder sich in politischen Vereinen, Projekten oder NGOs für ihre Ansichten einsetzen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Sozialisationseinfluss der Peergroup bewusst und unbewusst den höchsten Einfluss auf das partizipative Potenzial der Jugendlichen hat. Besonders wenn der Freundeskreis ebenfalls engagiert ist und die politischen Ansichten der befragten Jugendlichen teilt, ist eine Aktivierung des politischen Engagements feststellbar. Die Grundlage für die Partizipation am demokratischen Prozess, das politische Interesse, wird aber durch die Bedeutung der Politik in der Familie geprägt. Besonders ausschlaggebend für das Engagement der Jugendlichen stellt sich die Mediennutzung heraus. Medien sind hierbei einerseits als Plattform für Informationssuche zu bezeichnen, können aber andererseits das Gefühl der politischen Kompetenz und das partizipative Potenzial der Jugendlichen positiv beeinflussen.In a democratic context it is important to consider the influence of political participation. In order to ensure a democratic system it is necessary for people to participate actively. In this Master-Thesis I tried to explore the social factors influencing political activity in the life of adolescences. The most common socialisation indicators were used to establish whether family, friends, school, work or media is the most important factor concerning the issue of political participation.
In an online-survey 148 adolescences were asked about their political engagement. Different variables were considered: Political socialization, political interest, political knowledge, political efficacy, the use of media and different ways of participation.
The results show that adolescence are mostly influenced by their peers both consciously and unconsciously. If juveniles live in an active environment, they are more active themselves. Moreover the similarity in political thinking inside the peer group influences their political efficacy in a positive way. Still family is shaping the political interest which is the most important factor explaining political activity. Therefore family is responsible for the foundation but the support of the peers reinforces political activity. Another important role plays the use of media, especially the usage of the internet. Here adolescence can find support for their views, inform themselves and also get active themselves
Advertising Unhealthy Food to Children: on the Importance of Regulations, Parenting Styles, and Media Literacy
Get PDF<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose of Review</jats:title><jats:p>Childhood obesity is a global health concern. And a number of studies have indicated that food promotions affect children’s food attitudes, preferences, and food choices for foods high in fat and sugar, which potentially impacts children’s body weight development. This review showcases how children are affected by food promotions, why companies even target children with their promotional efforts, and what makes children so susceptible to promotion of unhealthy food. In addition, this review discusses how regulations, parental styles, and individual media literacy skills can help to contain the potential detrimental effects of food promotions on children’s health.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Recent Findings</jats:title><jats:p>The recent findings indicate that children are affected by food promotions in their preference for unhealthy food and beverages in selection tasks shortly conducted after exposure. Furthermore, results indicate significant effects of food marketing, including enhanced attitudes, preferences, and increased consumption of marketed (predominantly unhealthy) foods connected with a wide range of marketing strategies. Children are particularly vulnerable to promotional efforts and react to it strongly due to their still developing cognitive and social skills as well as their lack in inhibitory control.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>This review proposes an applied focus that discusses pathways for regulators, parents, and educators. In the light of the discussed results, a large number of studies on food promotion indicate that there is need to react. In all these measures, however, it is of relevance to consider children’s developmental stages to effectively counteract and respond to the potential detrimental effects of food promotions on children’s long-term weight development.</jats:p></jats:sec>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Social Web-Nutzung und politische Partizipation österreichischer Jugendlicher
No full textPolitische Partizipation ist ein bedeutender Bestandteil von funktionierenden Demokratien. Es zeichnet sich jedoch in westlichen Staaten ein immer stärkerer Rückgang von politischer Beteiligung ab. Nicht nur die Wahlbeteiligung sinkt, auch andere Formen, wie die Teilnahme an Demonstrationen und politischen Veranstaltungen oder die Unterstützung von direkten Demokratieformen wie Volksbegehren, verlieren immer stärker an Bedeutung. Das Internet hat hier die Hoffnung geschürt neue, attraktive Formen der politischen Partizipation zu eröffnen und diese insbesondere bei der traditionell als passiv eingestuften Bevölkerungsgruppe, den Jugendlichen, zu verbreiten. Da diese als die HauptuserInnen des Social Webs angesehen werden, sind sie die großen HoffnungsträgerInnen der neuen Beteiligungsformen.
Aktuelle Ereignisse wie der Arabische Frühling oder die breite Thematisierung der Online-Aktion des Vereins „Invisible Children“ und ihrer Ziele im Bezug auf den ugandischen Rebellenführer Joseph Kony geben diesen Hoffnungen neuen Nährboden.
Auf Basis einer repräsentativen Studie aus dem Jahr 2010 über Mediennutzung, politische Partizipation und politischer Interesse österreichischer Befragter (N= 2.954), wird das Potenzial des Social Webs im Bezug auf politische Beteiligung ausgewertet. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht der Einfluss der Medienkompetenz und des Bildungsgrads auf den Level der politischen Online-Beteiligung.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unabhängig vom Grad der Bildung Menschen das Netz für Online-Beteiligung nutzen. Besonders für Jugendliche zeigt sich politische Online-Partizipation als attraktives Instrument. Offen bleibt jedoch, wie das politische Interesse vergrößern werden kann. Denn trotzdem sich andere Bevölkerungsruppen als die traditionell politisch Engagierten im Internet beteiligen, lässt sich ein großes Maß der politischen Online-Partizipation auf die Beteiligung in der Offline-Welt zurückführen.Political participation is an important part of a functioning democracy. In western states there is a significant decline of participation. This gets apparent in the low voter turnout and the regressing of direct democracy as the contribution on referendums. As the internet got more popular, hope was rising that new forms of participation could eventually develop. Adolescents, who are usually not in the group of political activists, are the main users of the social web. This is why the hope of a political change is primarily built on them.
The “Arabic Spring” and other recent events like the involvement of many social web users in the online-activities of the organization “Invisible Children” and their political goals, regarding the capture of Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony, lead to a new discussion of the political potential of the social web.
This analysis is based on a representative survey from 2010 on the use of media and political activities of Austrian respondents (N= 2.954). Object of study is the effect of social web use for political purposes on the political participation in real life of adolescents. The main focus is on the influence of the acquired media-competence and the education level on political participation online.
The results show that education is not an important indicator for political participation online. Especially adolescents use the social web for political participation. There is no answer to the question how more people, who are politically interested, can be found. Although people who are usually not engaged in political debates do participate online, most of the people who participate on the internet show their political interest and participation offline as well
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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