630 research outputs found
Modelling and analysis of a modified preamplifier for seizure detection
No full textThis paper proposes a modified version of recycling folded cascode amplifier. A comparative study, modelling and analysis of the proposed design along with conventional folded cascode and recycling folded cascode have been presented in this work. The design is intended for use as a preamplifier in an epileptic neurostimulator circuit, which ensures high gain, low noise low power trade-off and smaller bandwidth (lower than 500 Hz) as the primary criteria. An adaptive biasing technique is implemented to enhance the key performance parameters like intrinsic gain, slew rate and gain-bandwidth product. Also, the proposed device works in weak inversion region to ensure ultra-low power consumption. There are various neurostimulators categorized as Deep Brain Stimulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation reported in the literature so far. However the proposed design considers high-frequency oscillations (HFO) as the biomarker of focal epileptic seizures, owing to its occurrence in higher frequencies, thereby asserting a bandwidth less than 500 Hz. The simulations for the designed structures are carried out in Cadence Virtuoso using SCL 180 nm technology, with an operating voltage 0.6 V. The simulation results illustrate the improvement in several parameters: intrinsic DC gain by 14 dB with a consumed power of 1.782 μW, and an input-referred noise of 10.97 μV/√Hz @1 Hz, establishing that the design works with ultra-low power consumption. Analytical modelling and comparative analysis of the proposed as well as conventional designs have been performed. Additionally comparison has been drawn between the pre-layout and post layout simulation results which shows close matching between each other. Furthermore, Monte Carlo analysis has been performed on the proposed design to validate its consistency and dependability
Stability of the long period terms in the La2011 astronomical solution.
No full textInternational audienceThe obtention of an accurate astronomical solution for the orbital motion of the Earth in the Solar System is an essential step for the elaboration of geological time scales that are based on the correlation of sedimentary cycles with insolation variations on the Earth's surface. The widely used La2004 (Laskar et al, 2004) solution has a time validity of about 40 Myr. Since, a large effort has been undertaken in order to improve this solution and to extend its time of validity to 50 Myr (Laskar et al, 2011a). On the other hand, it was demonstrated that asteroid close encounters set an absolute limit for the possibility of precise prediction of the Earth's orbit to about 60 Myr (Laskar et al, 2011b). In this context, we will report the latest development of the orbital solutions La2011 which present a noticeable improvement with respect to La2010. We will specially focus on the stability of the long period terms of 2.4 Myr in eccentricity and 1.2 Myr in obliquity. Refs : Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C. M., Levrard, B.: 2004, A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth, A&A, 428, 261-285 Laskar, J., Fienga, A., Gastineau, Manche, H.: 2011a, La2010: a new orbital solution for the long-term motion of the Earth, A&A, 532, A89 Laskar, J., Gastineau, M., Delisle, J.-B. , Farrés, A., and Fienga, A. : 2011b, Strong chaos induced by close encounters with Ceres and Vesta, A&A, 532, L
Indonesian-english Translation Shifts Found in the Subtitle of Laskar Pelangi Movie
No full textKey words: translation shift, subtitle, Laskar Pelangi.Translation is the way or a process to transform a language into another language to convey messages or information from the author but still keeping the original sense. Despite comprehending the language structure, the translator should understand the method and procedures of translator to avoid misunderstanding among the readers/audiences. One of translation procedures is shift, where it is a translation phenomenon that cannot be avoided by the translator in translation process. In this study, the researcher analyses translation shift which occurs in the English subtitle of Laskar Pelangi movie. There are two problems to be solved: (1) What are the types of translation shift found in the subtitle of Laskar Pelangi movie; (2) What are the possible reasons for the translator of Laskar Pelangi to do shifting.This study used qualitative approach in document analysis since it focused on analyzing the Indonesian utterances which were produced by the characters of Laskar Pelangi movie. The data source was movie scripts where for the Indonesian script the researcher transcribed the movie by herself and the English version is in the form of subtitle downloaded from www.subscene.com. Then the data were analyzed by using theory proposed by Newmark (1988).From 275 Indonesian utterances, the researcher found 203 utterances which contain shift; and it consists of 57 utterances belong to type 1, 8 utterances belong to type 2, 30 utterances belong to type 3, and 108 utterances belong to type 4. Then from the analysis, the researcher found several possible reasons for the translator to do shifting. The result showed that mostly, shift occurred because of the differences of grammar.The researcher suggests the next researchers to use another theory in order to enrich the various result of translation research. It is suggested to the next researchers to investigate other objects, such as novel, song lyric, bilingual story book, and many other media
Design of low power preamplifier IC for cochlear implant using split folded cascode technique
No full textAccording to the WHO (World Health Organization) report, out of 360 million people, i.e. over 5% of world population, have a disabling hearing loss. Designing a low-cost cochlear implant for hearing aid device is therefore of great importance. The overall cochlear system consists of several blocks, namely, the microphone for sensing the sound waves, the preamplifier for boosting the signal level and the signal processing unit to generate electrical pulses for the electrode to stimulate the auditory nerve. In this paper, we address the design of the High-gain Low Power Preamplifier block for cochlear implants, as it plays a crucial role for the incoming signal to be further processed. In particular, a new technique named Split Folded Cascode (SFC) for designing the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is proposed. This arrangement enhances the performance of normal cascode solutions. This technique splits the current in two different branches and increases the overall transconductance by 1.414 times. Simulations and post layout analysis have been carried out for the proposed preamplifier in Cadence Virtuoso using Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL) 180 nm technology parameters. In this proposed design a mid-band gain of 43.7 dB, bandwidth of 18–20 kHz and noise 473.47 nV/√Hz at 4 kHz are obtained
Hormonal influences on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism : focusing on involvement of PCSK9
No full textElevated plasma LDL-C is today considered a causative factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Increased plasma LDL-C levels are mainly due to reduced numbers of functional LDL receptors (LDLRs) in the liver. PCSK9 and IDOL, are two, recently identified key regulators of cholesterol metabolism, both reducing LDLR numbers in the liver and peripheral tissue thereby increasing plasma LDL-C levels. Several hormones such as estrogen, testosterone and ACTH are known to influence lipoprotein metabolism. In addition, bile acids such as CDCA have been reported to modulate cholesterol metabolism. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms behind these effects.In this study, we investigated how natural changes of the endogenous levels of estrogen and how treatments with testosterone, ACTH, and with the natural FXR agonist (CDCA) influence cholesterol metabolism, with a particular focus on the role of PCSK9. It is concluded that:1) The natural changes of estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle correlate to the concomitant changes observed in circulating levels of PCSK9 and LDL-C. Further, after menopause PCSK9 levels and plasma LDL-C increase while in ageing men of similar age PSCK9 levels were stable.2) High dose testosterone treatment reduces PCSK9 levels, indicating that this LDLR modulator is under hormonal control. However, the known gender differences in bile acid and cholesterol synthesis cannot be explained from testosterone levels in human.3) The adrenal glands are practically devoid of the PCSK9 protein while instead IDOL is expressed. Treatment with ACTH suppresses adrenal IDOL expression contributing to the powerful increase in LDLR number during severe stress. Simultaneously, the number of hepatic LDLRs is reduced through a posttrascriptional increase of PCSK9 protein. This effect is dependent on the presence of intact adrenals, compatible with the concept that a sustained adrenal production of corticosteroids is secured by shunting LDL-C to the adrenals in situations of severe stress.4) CDCA influences lipid metabolism by reducing plasma clearance of LDL-C. The reduction of circulating PCSK9 by CDCA treatment may counter-balance its effect on hepatic LDLRs and plasma LDL-cholesterol.List of scientific papersI. Ghosh M, Gälman C, Rudling M, Angelin B. Influence of physiological changes in endogenous estrogen on circulating PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol. J Lipid Res. 56(2):463-469 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M055780 II. Ghosh Laskar M, Beckman L, Laskar A, Gårevik N, Ekström L, Rudling M, Angelin B.Testosterone reduces circulating PCSK9 but does not influence cholesterol or bile acid synthesis in healthy males. [Submitted]III. Ghosh Laskar M, Angelin B, Rudling M. Differential regulation of LDL receptors by ACTH: posttranscriptional control by PCSK9 in the liver and by IDOL in the adrenals. [Manuscript]IV. Ghosh Laskar M, Eriksson M, Rudling M, Angelin B. Treatment with the natural FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid reduces clearance of plasma LDL while decreasing circulating PCSK9, Lp(a), and apo C-III. J Intern Med. 281(6):575-585 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12594 </p
High refractive index immersion liquid for superresolution 3D imaging using sapphire-based aplanatic numerical aperture increasing lens optics.
No full textOptically transparent immersion liquids with refractive index (n ∼ 1.77) to match the sapphire-based aplanatic numerical aperture increasing lens (aNAIL) are necessary for achieving deep 3D imaging with high spatial resolution. We report that antimony tribromide (SbBr3) salt dissolved in liquid diiodomethane (CH2I2) provides a new high refractive index immersion liquid for optics applications. The refractive index is tunable from n 1.74 (pure) to n 1.873 (saturated), by adjusting either salt concentration or temperature; this allows it to match (or even exceed) the refractive index of sapphire. Importantly, the solution gives excellent light transmittance in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range, an improvement over commercially available immersion liquids. This refractive-index-matched immersion liquid formulation has enabled us to develop a sapphire-based aNAIL objective that has both high numerical aperture (NA 1.17) and long working distance (WD 12 mm). This opens up new possibilities for deep 3D imaging with high spatial resolution
Nilai-Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata
No full textABSTRAK NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA CHARACTER VALUE IN THE NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI BY ANDREA HIRATA Nurrofika., Email: [email protected]. 2016. Nilai-Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata. Skripsi, Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Jurusan Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (1) Drs. Margono, M.Pd, MSi., Email:[email protected] (2) Siti Awaliyah, S.Pd, SH, M.Hum, Email:[email protected] Kata kunci: nilai, karakter, nilai karakter Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata; (2) Wujud semangat nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata; (3) Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata; (4) Solusi yang ditawarkan pengarang dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, peneliti dalam melakukan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu, Novel Laskar Pelangi dan literature lainnya yang mendukung penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara analisis isi. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, diperoleh kesimpulan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: pertama, nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata meliputi (1) religiusitas (2) toleransi (3) kejujuran (4) demokratis (5) peduli sosial (6) tanggung jawab (7) kreatif (8) perjuangan dan kerja keras (9) integritas (10) disiplin (11) komukatif (12) rela berkorban (13) kesetiakawanan (14) cinta tanah air. Kedua, Wujud semangat karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata meliputi religiusitas: (a) keyakinan orang tua (b) pedoman hidup warga Muhammadiyah (c) ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan YME. toleransi: (a) toleransi terhadap suku, ras dan agama (b) toleransi terhadap sikap dan tindakan orang lain kejujuran : (a) dilarang berbohong (b) dapat dipercaya. demokratis : (a) persamaan hak (b) menghargai hak politik orang lain. peduli sosial. tanggung jawab: (a) tanggung jawab terhadap keluarga (b) tanggung jawab terhadap masyarakat. Kreatif. perjuangan dan kerja keras. Integritas. Disiplin. Komukatif. rela berkorban. kesetiawanan dan cinta tanah air. Ketiga, Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi kaya Andrea Hirata teridentifikasi sejumlah tantangan sebagai berikut: (a) tantangan dibidang sosial budaya (b) tantangan dibidang perekonomian (c) tantangan dibidang pendidikan (d) tantangan dibidang hukum. Keempat, Solusi yang ditawarkan pengarang dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi tercermin pada (a) guru yang berkualitas (b) berani bersaing (c) percaya diri (d) berpikir positif (e) berani bercita-cita (f) kerja keras dan berpendirian kuat serta rasional. Berikut ini saran yang diberikan peneliti setelah melakukan penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya: (1) Semoga dengan adanya kajian ini paling tidak bisa dijadikan acuan bagi para pembaca agar bisa memahami isi dari novel Laskar Pelangi sekaligus melatih kemampuan didalam menelaah sebuah karya sastra (2) Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberi tambahan pengetahuan, informasi, dan referensi kepada seluruh warga jurusan Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, khususnya mahasiswa Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan (3) Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberi inspirasi kepada para calon peneliti lain untuk mengadakan penelitian tentang nilai-nilai karakter (4) diharapkan dapat menjadi literatur penunjang dalam penanaman nilai-nilai karakter khususnya dibidang pendidikan. ABSTRAK INGGRIS Keywords: value, character, character value This research aims to describe : (1) The value of characters contained in novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata; (2) The form of the spirit of the character values in novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata; (3) The challenges faced in realizing the value of a character in a novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata; (4) solution offered the author in facing challenges in realizing the value of the characters in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata. To achieve these objectives, researchers in conducting research using a pragmatic approach with the types of research libraries is a descriptive analysis. The source of the data in this research namely, Novel Laskar Pelangi and other literature that supports this research. Data collection techniques used in this research is the documentation and study of the library. Data was analyzed using the analysis of the contents. Based on this analysis, we concluded the following results :First, the value of the characters contained in the novel by Andrea Hirata Laskar Pelangi include : (1) the religiosity (2) the tolerance (3) the honesty (4) democratic (5) social care (6) responsibility (7) creative (8) the struggle and hard work (9) the integrity (10) discipline (11) communicative (12) sacrificing (13) The Solidarity (14) nasionalisme. Second, the realization of the spirit of the characters contained in novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata include religiosity : (a) the beliefs of parents (b) Muhammadiyah citizens living guidelines (c) devotion to God Almighty. Tolerance : (a) tolerance of ethnic, racial and religious (b) the tolerance of the attitudes and actions of others. Honesty : (a) prohibited lied (b) to be believed. Democratic : (a) equality of rights (b) respect the political rights of others. Social Care. Responsibility : (a) responsibility to family (b) responsibility toward society. Creative. Struggle and Hard Work. Integrity. Discipline. Communicative. Sacrificing. Solidarity and Patriotism. Three, Challenges faced in realizing the value of the characters contained in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata identified a number of challenges as follows : (a) the socio-cultural challenges (b) the challenges in the economy (c) the challenges in the field of education (d) the challenges in the field of law. Fourth, the solution offered by the author in facing the challenges in realizing the value of a character in the novel Laskar Pelangi reflected in : (a) of qualified teachers (b) dared to compete (c) confidence (d) positive thinking (e) dared to aspire (f) hard work and The establishment of strong and rational. Here is the advice given researchers after research and discussion that has been described in the previous chapter: (1) Hopefully with this study at least can be used as a reference for the reader to understand the contents of the novel Laskar Pelangi at the same time to train the ability in the examine a literature (2) Research is expected to be able to give additional knowledge, information and references to all citizens majoring in Law and Citizenship, Especially students of Law and Citizenship (3) Research is expected to be able to give inspiration To all the candidates for other researchers to conduct research on the values of the characters (4) expected to be a literature supporting the cultivation of character values particularly in the field of education. PENDAHULUAN Karakter bangsa Indonesia yang berorientasi pada adat ketimuran mulai pudar, dibuktikan dengan adanya kecenderungan sikap ketidakjujuran yang semakin membudaya, berkembangnya rasa tidak hormat kepada guru, orang tua, dan pemimpin, serta kurangnya sopan santun dikalangan siswa. Padahal, pendidikan nilai karakter harus tetap ditanamkan kepada generasi muda dalam rangka eksistensi negara Indonesia itu sendiri. Pendidikan sebagai alternatif utama dalam mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis dan bertanggung jawab. Pengembangan nilai karakter diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas generasi muda bangsa Indonesia yang mampu meminimalisasi penyebab berbagai permasalahan. Peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan nilai-nilai luhur budaya bangsa adalah sarana untuk membangkitkan keasadaran terhadap nilai-nilai karakter bangsa yang dapat dilakukan dengan senantiasa memupuk rasa persatuan dan kesatuan berbangsa dan bernegara dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Pendidikan karakter tidak terlepas dari penanaman nilai-nilai moral dan keagamaan bagi siswa. Kesadaran akan pentingnya nilai, moral dan keagamaan serta pengembangan pengajaran yang memadukan keimanan dan ketaqwaan sejalan dengan esensi pendidikan sebagai sarana perubahan. METODE Jenis penelitan ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) yang bersifat deskriptif analisis (descriptive of analyze research), menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik dan prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan studi pustaka dengan metode analisis data menggunakan content analysys (analisis isi). Analisis isi digunakan untuk mengungkap kandungan nilai-nilai tertentu dalam karya sastra dengan memperhatikan konteks yang ada. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata meliputi: 1) Nilai Religius: Menurut Kemdiknas (2010) religius merupakan sikap dan perilaku yang patuh dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama yang dianutnya, toleran terhadap pelaksanaan ibadah agama lain. Didalam religi terdapat unsur internalisasi agama dalam diri seseorang sehingga membentuk perilaku orang tersebut terhadap agama berupa penghayatan terhadap nilai-nilai agama yang dapat ditandai tidak hanya melalui ketaatan dalam menjalankan ibadah ritual tetapi juga dengan adanya keyakinan, pengamalan, dan pengetahuan mengenai agama yang dianutnya (Ancok dan Suroso, 2008). 2) Toleransi: Toleransi adalah penghormatan, penerimaan atau penghargaan tentang keragaman yang kaya akan kebudayaan dunia kita, bentuk ekspresi kita dan tata cara sebagai manusia. Hal itu dipelihara oleh pengetahuan, keterbukaan, komunikasi, dan kebebasan pemikiran, kata hati dan kepercayaan. Toleransi adalah harmoni dalam perbedaan (UNESCO APNIEVE, 2000: 54). 3) Kejujuran: Menurut Suseno (1987:142-143) bahwa bersikap terhadap orang lain, tetapi tanpa kejujuran adalah kemunafikan dan sering beracun. Bersikap jujur kepada orang lain berarti dua sikap yaitu bersikap terbuka dan bersifat fair. Ketika kita jujur, kita menjadi orang yang bisa dipercaya. Jujur merupakan perilaku yang didasarkan pada upaya menjadikan dirinya sebagai orang yang selalu dapat dipercaya dalam perkataan, tindakan, dan pekerjaan. 4) Demokratis:Dalam paham demokrasi dijelaskan bahwa setiap warga negara memiliki hak, kewajiban dan kedudukan yang sama di depan hukum dalam mendapatkan keadilan. Dalam prakteknya, keadilan sosial tercapai apabila dapat memelihara kepentingan umum negara sebagai negara, kepentingan umum para warga negara bersama, kepentingan bersama dan kepentingan khusus dari para warga negara secara perseorangan, suku bangsa, dan setiap golongan warga negara (Kaelan, 1996:155-1556). 5) Peduli Sosial:Dijelaskan oleh Suryabrata (1995:186) bahwa di dalam diri manusia terdapat dua dorongan pokok yang melatarbelakangi segala tingkah lakunya, yakni dorongan keakuan yang mendorong manusia bertindak untuk mengabdi kepada dirinya sendiri dan dorongan kemasyarakatan yang mendorong manusia bertindak untuk mengabdi kepada masyarakat. 6) Tanggung Jawab:Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Kurikulum (2010:10), mengemukakan bahwa tanggung jawab merupakan sikap dan perilaku seseorang untuk melaksankan tugas dan kewajibannya, yang seharusnya dilakukan terhadap diri sendiri, masyarakat, lingkungan (alam, sosial, budaya), negara dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. 7) Kreatif:Kreatif dapat diartikan sebagai berpikir dan melakukan sesuatu untuk menghasilkan cara atau hasil baru dari sesuatu yang telah dimiliki. Kreatif mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara inovatif, luwes, kritis, berani mengambil keputusan dengan cepat dan tepat, menampilkan sesuatu yang luar biasa, memiliki ide baru dan memanfaatkan peluang. 8) Perjuangan dan Kerja Keras: Kerja keras dapat diartikan bekerja yang mempunyai sifat bersungguh-sungguh untuk mencapai sasaran yang ingin dicapai (Kemendiknas, 2010). 9) Integritas:Adrian Gostick & Dana Telford dalam buku Keunggulan Integritas, (2006:13- 14) memberikan pengertian integritas sebagai ketaatan yang kuat pada sebuah kode, khususnya nilai moral atau nilai artistik tertentu. Integritas merupakan salah satu atribut terpenting atau kunci yang harus dimiliki seseorang. 10) Disiplin:Disiplin diri menurut Jasin (1989) merupakan disiplin yang dikembangkan dari control oleh diri sendiri. Hal ini merupakan manifestasi atau aktualisasi dari tanggung jawab pribadi, yang berarti mengakui dan menerima nilai-nilai yang ada diluar dirinya. 11) Komunikatif:Komunikatif adalah tindakan yang memperlihatkan rasa senang berbicara, bergaul dan bekerja sama dengan orang lain (Kemendiknas, 2010). 12) Rela Berkorban:Rela berkorban dan Patriotisme tidak bisa dipisahka karena patriotism mengandung unsur rela berkorban. Patriotisme adalah semangat cinta tanah air atau sikap seseorang yang rela mengorbankan segala-galanya untuk kejayaan dan kemakmuran tanah airnya (Suprapto dkk. 2007: 38). 13) Kesetiakawanan: Kesetiakawanan yaitu perasaan seseorang yang bersumber dari rasa cinta kepada kehidupan bersama atau sesama teman sehingga diwujudkan dengan amal nyata berupa pengorbanan dan kesediaan menjaga, membela, membantu, maupun melindungi terhadap kehidupan bersama. 14) Cinta Tanah Air: Cinta tanah air merupakan unsur dari Patriotisme, dimana Patriotisme adalah sikap bangga akan pencapaian bangsa, bangga akan budaya bangsa, adanya keinginan untuk memelihara ciri-ciri bangsa dan latar belakang budaya bangsa. Wujud Semangat nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Wujud semangat karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata terindetifikasi sejumlah nilai sebagai berikut: 1) Wujud semangat religiusitas: (a) keyakinan orang tua (b) pedoman hidup warga Muhammadiyah (c) ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan YME. 2) Wujud semangat toleransi: (a) toleransi terhadap suku, ras dan agama (b) toleransi terhadap sikap dan tindakan orang lain. 3) Wujud semangat kejujuran : (a) dilarang berbohong (b) dapat dipercaya. 4) Wujud semangat demokratis: (a) persamaan hak (b) menghargai hak politik orang lain. 5) Wujud semangat peduli sosial: membantu sesama. 6) Wujud semangat tanggung jawab: (a) tanggung jawab terhadap keluarga (b) tanggung jawab terhadap masyarakat. 7) Wujud semangat kreatif: (a) menciptakan solusi (b) menghasilkan karya baru. 8) Wujud semangat perjuangan dan kerja keras: (a) pantang menyerah (b) tidak mengeluh. 9) Wujud semangat integritas: (a) loyalitas (b) komitmen. 10) Wujud semangat disiplin: taat aturan. 11) Wujud semangat komukatif: senang berteman. 12) Wujud semangat rela berkorban: berjiwa patriotism. 13) Wujud semangat kesetiawanan: (a) saling menjaga (b) empati dan simpati pada sesama. 14) Wujud semangat cinta tanah air. Tantangan yang Dihadapi dalam Mewujudkan Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata teridentifikasi sejumlah tantangan sebagai berikut: 1) Tantangan dibidang sosial budaya: (a) kesenjangan sosial (b) diskriminasi (c) kelas sosial. 2) Tantangan dibidang perekonomian: (a) kemiskinan (b) kesejahteraan. 3) Tantangan dibidang pendidikan: (a) sadar pendidikan (b) biaya pendidikan. 4) Tantangan dibidang hukum: keadilan. Solusi yang Ditawarkan Pengarang dalam Menghadapi Tantangan dalam Mewujudkan Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Solusi yang ditawarkan pengarang dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi tercermin pada: 1) Guru yang berkualitas 2) Berani Bersaing 3) Percaya Diri 4) Berpikir Positif 5) Berani Bercita-cita 6) Kerja Keras 7) Berpendirian kuat serta rasional. KESIMPULAN Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diuraikan, pada bab ini akan dikemukakan kesimpulan dan saran terhadap Analisis Nilai-nilai karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata. Nilai-Nilai Karakter yang Terkandung dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata mempunyai peran penting dalam rangka ikut serta mentransformasikan nilai-nilai karakter dan pengetahuan kepada seseorang, sebab banyak nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel ini. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata teridentifikasi sejumlah nilai sebagai berikut: (a) nilai religiusitas (b) toleransi (c) kejujuran (d) demokratis (e) peduli sosial (f) tanggung jawab (g) kreatif (h) perjuangan dan kerja keras (i) integritas (j) disiplin (k) komunikatif (l) rela berkorban (m) kesetiakawanan serta (n) cinta tanah air. Wujud Semagat Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Wujud semangat karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata terindetifikasi sejumlah nilai sebagai berikut: (a) wujud semangat religiusitas: (1) keyakinan orang tua (2) pedoman hidup warga Muhammadiyah (3) ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan YME. (b) wujud semangat toleransi: (1) toleransi terhadap suku, ras dan agama (2) toleransi terhadap sikap dan tindakan orang lain (c) wujud semangat kejujuran : (1) dilarang berbohong (2) dapat dipercaya (d) wujud semangat demokratis: (1) persamaan hak (2) menghargai hak politik orang lain (e) wujud semangat peduli sosial (f) wujud semangat tanggung jawab: (1) tanggung jawab terhadap keluarga (2) tanggung jawab terhadap masyarakat (g) wujud semangat kreatif (h) wujud semangat perjuangan dan kerja keras (i) wujud semangat integritas (j) wujud semangat disiplin (k) wujud semangat komukatif (l) wujud semangat rela berkorban (m) wujud semangat kesetiawanan dan (n) wujud semangat cinta tanah air. Tantangan yang Dihadapi dalam Mewujudkan Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam novel Laskar Pelangi kaya Andrea Hirata teridentifikasi sejumlah tantangan sebagai berikut: (a) tantangan dibidang sosial budaya (b) tantangan dibidang perekonomian (c) tantangan dibidang pendidikan (d) tantangan dibidang hukum. Solusi yang Ditawarkan Pengarang dalam Menghadapi Tantangan dalam Mewujudkan Nilai Karakter dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Solusi yang ditawarkan pengarang dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam mewujudkan nilai karakter dalam novel Laskar Pelangi tercermin pada (a) guru yang berkualitas (b) berani bersaing (c) percaya diri (d) berpikir positif (e) berani bercita-cita (f) kerja keras dan berpendirian kuat serta rasional. SARAN Berikut ini saran yang diberikan peneliti setelah melakukan penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan pada bab sebelumnya. 1. Semoga dengan adanya kajian ini paling tidak bisa dijadikan acuan bagi para pembaca agar bisa memahami isi dari novel Laskar Pelangi sekaligus melatih kemampuan didalam menelaah sebuah karya sastra. 2. Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberi tambahan pengetahuan, informasi, dan referensi kepada seluruh warga jurusan Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, khususnya mahasiswa Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan 3. Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberi inspirasi kepada para calon peneliti lain untuk mengadakan penelitian tentang nilai-nilai karakter. 4. Diharapkan dapat menjadi literatur dan buku penunjang dalam penanaman nilai-nilai karakter khususnya dibidang pendidikan. DAFTAR RUJUKAN Adrian Gostick & Dana Telford dalam buku Keunggulan Integritas, (2006:13- 14). Kemendiknas. 2010. Pengembangan Pendidikan Budaya Sebagai Karakter Bangsa. Jakarta: Kemendiknas. Kaelan, M.S. 2003. Pendidikan Pancasila, Paradigma. Yogyakarta: ed. Ketujuh. Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2008. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa. Cet. I. Siti Aminah. 2008. Analisis wacana pesan moral dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata. Skripsi. Diakses 15 April 2016. Sabarani. 2013. Analisis nilai-nilai pendidikan dalam novel Laskar Pelangi karya Andrea Hirata. E-Journal. Diakses 10 April 2016. UNESCO. 1994. Tolerance: The Threshold of Peace (Preliminary version). Paris: UNESCO. Zuriah, Nurul. 2008. Pendidikan Moral dan Budi Pekerti. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
Performance evaluation of induced mutant lines of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
No full textArticle Details: Received: 2020-01-12 | Accepted: 2020-03-02 | Available online: 2020-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.70-77 Present investigation was carried out to explore the possibility of inducing genetic variability for yield and yield contributing traits in well-adapted variety PU-19 of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) following mutagenesis with methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), sodium azide (SA) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ). A considerable increase in mean values for fertile branches per plant, pods per plant and total plant yield was noticed among the mutant lines in M4 and M5 generations. Estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield components were also recorded to be higher compared to control. MMS followed by SA and HZ showed highest mutagenic potential for improving total plant yield of black gram var. PU-19. Treatment concentration 0.3% was found to be most effective in generating significant increase in total plant yield of black gram var. PU-19. The increased genetic variability for yield and yield components indicates the ample scope of selection for superior mutants in subsequent generations due to preponderance of additive gene action.Keywords: black gram, mutagenesis, chemical mutagens, genetic variability, yield componentsReferences AHLOOWALIA, B., MALUSZYNSKI, M. and NICHTERLEIN, K.(2004). Global impacts of mutation derived varieties. Euphytica, 135, 187. ANNUAL REPORT (2016–2017). In: Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Directorate of Pulses Development, Vindhyachal Bhavan, India. AUTI, S. G. (2012). Induced morphological and quantitative mutants in mungbean. Biorem. Biodiv. Bioavail., 6 (Special Issue), 27-39. BHATIA, C. R. and SWAMINATHAN, M. S. (1962). Induced polygenic variability in bread wheat and its bearing on selection procedure. Z. Pflanzenzucht., 48, 317–328. DEWANJEE, S. and SARKAR, K. K. (2017). Evaluation of performance of induced mutants in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Legume Res. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9098 GILL, R. K., KUMAR, A., SINGH, I. and TYAGI, V. (2017). Assessment of induced genetic variability in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper). J. Food Legumes, 30(2), 31–34.GIRI, S. P., TAMBE, S. B. and APPARAO, B. J. (2010). Induction of a novel, high yielding mutant of pigeon pea. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., (Special Issue), 152–155. GOYAL, S., WANI, M. R. and KHAN, S. (2019). Gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate induced early flowering and maturing mutants in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Int. J. Bot., 15, 14–21. JOHNSON, H. W., ROBINSON, H. F. and COMSTOCK, R. E. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agron. J., 47, 314–318. KAUL, M. L. H. and GARG, R. (1982). Radiation genetic studies in garden pea. XIII. Genetic variability, interrelationships and path analysis in protein rich genotypes. Biol. Zbl., 101, 271–282.KHAN, S. and WANI, M. R. (2005). Genetic variability and correlations studies in chickpea mutants. J. Cytol. Genet., 6, 155–160. KHAN, S., WANI, M. R. and PARVEEN, K. (2004). Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Pakistan J. Bot., 36(4), 845–850. LASKAR, R. A. and KHAN, S. (2017). Assessment on induced genetic variability and divergence in the mutagenized lentil populations of microsperma and macrosperma cultivars developed using physical and chemical mutagenesis. PLoS ONE, 12(9), e0184598. LASKAR, R. A., KHAN, H. and KHAN, S. (2015). Chemical Mutagenesis: Theory and Practical Application in Vicia faba L. Lap Lambert Academic Publication, Germany. LASKAR, R. A., KHAN, S., DEB, C. R., TOMLEKOVA, N., WANI, M. R., RAINA, A. and AMIN, R. (2019). Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Diversity, Cytogenetics and Breeding. In: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals and Legumes. (eds.) J. M. Al-Khayri, S. M. Jain and D. V. Johnson. Springer International Publishing, pp. 319–370. LASKAR, R. A., LASKAR, A. A., RAINA, A., KHAN, S. and YOUNUS, H. (2018). Induced mutation analysis using biochemical and molecular characterization of high yielding lentil mutant lines. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 109,167–179. MBA, C. (2013). Induced mutations unleash the potentials of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Agronomy, 3, 200–231.MOA&FW (2020). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, National Initiative for Information on Quality Seed, India. RAINA, A., KHAN, S., WANI, M. R., LASKAR, R. A. and MUSHTAQ, W. (2019). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity and Breeding. In: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals and Legumes. (eds.) J. M. Al-Khayri, S. M. Jain and D. V. Johnson. Springer International Publishing, pp. 53–112. RAINA, A., LASKAR, R. A., WANI, M. R., KHURSHEED, S. and KHAN, S. (2020). Characterization of induced high yielding cowpea mutant lines using physiological, biochemical and molecular markers. Scientific Reports, (10), 3687, 1–22. RAUT, V. K., PATIL, J. V. and GAWANDE, V. L. (2004).Correlation and path analysis for quantitative traits in chickpea. Indian J. Pulses Res., 17(1), 82–83. SHU, Q. Y., FORSTER, B. P. and NAKAGAWA, H. (2012). Plant mutation breeding and biotechnology. CABI, WallingfordSIKORA, P. P, CHAWADE, A. A, LARSSON, M., OLSSON, J. and OLSSON, O. (2011). Mutagenesis as a tool in plant genetics, functional genomics and breeding. Int J Plant Genom, 2011, 314829. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/314829 SINGH, G., SAREEN, P. K., SAHARAN, R. P. and SINGH, A. (2001). Induced variability in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian J. Genet., 61(3), 281–282. SINGH, R. K. and CHAUDHARY, B. D. (1985). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. TOMLEKOVA, N. B., KOZGAR, M. I. and WANI, M. R. (2014). Mutagenesis-exploring novel genes and pathways. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Netherlands. WAGHMARE, V. N. and MEHRA, R. B. (2000). Induced genetic variability for quantitative characters in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Indian J. Genet., 60, 81–87. WANI, M. R. (2007). Studies on the induction of mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Ph. D. Thesis. Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University, India. WANI, M. R. (2018). Early maturing mutants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) induced by chemical mutagens. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 88(4), 635–640
Maximal Chordal Subgraphs
No full textA chordal graph is a graph with no induced cycles of length at least . Let
be the maximal integer such that every graph with vertices and
edges has a chordal subgraph with at least edges. In 1985 Erd\H{o}s
and Laskar posed the problem of estimating . In the late '80s,
Erd\H{o}s, Gy\'arf\'as, Ordman and Zalcstein determined the value of
and made a conjecture on the value of . In this
paper we prove this conjecture and answer the question of Erd\H{o}s and Laskar,
determining asymptotically for all and exactly for
RF and mm-Wave SOP Module Platform using LCP and RF MEMS Technologies
No full textIn this paper, we present a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) based multilayer packaging technology combined with RF-MEMS technology and its emergence as an ideal platform for low cost, multi-band and reconfigurable RF front-end module integration. LCP’s very low water absorption (0.04%), low cost and high electrical performance makes it very appealing for RF applications. Here we describe the fabrication process of LCP substrate, its characterization and properties upto W band, design of high Q inductors, SISO dual band filters with insertion loss as low as 2.4dB in L band and 1.8dB in C band respectively. MEMS-SOP switch fabrication and finally integration of C band wireless LAN (WLAN) module demonstrates the potential for compact, multiband and reconfigurable systems. This is the first complete report on the combination of LCP with RF-MEMS technology as a new approach towards the system-on-package (SOP) solutions for wireless communication applications
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