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The evaluation of the relationship of lactose to production and reproduction traits in different breeding conditions of the Slovak Spotted dairy cows
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-23 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.140-144The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose in relation to milk production and calving interval in dairy cows of Slovak Spotted cattle. A total of 92,730 lactations from 45,800 dairy cows evaluation from 2015 to 2019 were used for investigating lactose percentage (LP), milk yield (MY), lactose yield (LY), fat percentage (FP), proteins percentage (PP) and calving interval (CI). Data were analysed using the SAS version 9.4 and linear model with fixed effects: herd-years-season (HYS), sire (S), breeding type (BT), coding of milk (Cod-MY) and coding of calving interval (Cod-CI). In the dataset the average of LP was 4.77±0.20 %, while the one of MY, LY, FP, PP and CI were 6,778.53±2,014.18 kg, 325.27±100.45 kg, 3.96±0.47 %, 3.39±0.23 % and 406.66±91.09 days. The correlation of LP with MY, LY, FP, PP and CI was equal to r = 0.1712, r = 0.3157, r = 0.0546, r = 0.1852 and r = -0.0147. These correlation coefficients were statistically highly significant P <0.0001. Among all fixed effects in the analysis of variance of LP, the most relevant effect was observed for HYS (P<.0001).Keywords:cattle, milk components, lactose, calving interval, correlationReferencesAlessio, D. R. M. et al. (2016). Multivariate analysis of lactose content in milk of Holstein and Jersey cows. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(4), 2641–2652.http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4Supl1p2641Bolacali, M. and Öztürk, Y. (2018). Effect of non-genetic factors on milk yields traits in Simmental cows raised subtropical climate condition. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 70(1), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9325 Boro, P. et al. (2016). Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting milk composition in dairy cows. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 6(2), 170–174.BRS (2020). Average milk production of Fleckvieh in Germany. Retrieved August 12. 2020. https://www.ggi-spermex.de/en/fleckvieh/about-fleckvieh-92.htmlBujko, J. (2011). Optimalization Genetic Improvement Milk Production in Population Slovak Spotted Breed. Monograph. Nitra: SAU, 78 p. in Slovak.Bujko, J. et al. (2018). Evaluation relation between traits of milk production and calving interval in breeding herds of Slovak Simmental dairy cows. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(1), 31–36. http://ajas .inovacion.al/volume-17-issue-i/Bujko, J. et al. (2019). The Analysis of Reproduction in Population of the Slovak Spotted Dairy Cows. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(6), 1419–1426. https://doi.org/10.11118/ actaun201967061419Bujko, J. et al. (2020). Changes in production and reproduction traits in population of the Slovak Spotted Cattle. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica online. ISSN 1336-9245, 23(3) http://www.acta. fapz.uniag.sk/docs/03-20/bujko-et-al-ref.pdfCosta, A. et al. (2019). Genetic associations of lactose and its ratios to other milk solids with health traits in Austrian Fleckvieh cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 4238–4248. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15883Cziszter, L. T. et al. (2017). Comparative study on production. reproduction and functional traits between Fleckvieh and Braunvieh cattle. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 30(5), 666–671. https://doi.org/10.5713/ ajas.16.0588Han, I. and Bobiş, O. (2019). Analysis of the Reproduction Traits and Milk Yield in Cows from Apuseni Mountains Farms. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 76(1), 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2019.0004Hermiz, H. N. and Hadad, J. M. (2020). Factors affecting and estimates of repeatability for milk production and composition traits in several breeds of dairy cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 90(3), 129–133.Chegini, A. et al (2019). Genetic and environmental relationships among milk yield, persistency of milk yield, somatic cell count and calving interval in Holstein cows. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 32(2), 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v32n2a01 Juráček, M. et al. (2020). The effect of different feeding system on fatty acids composition of cowʼs milk. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 23(1), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.01.37-41Karcol, J. et al. (2017). Effect of feeding of different sources of NPN on production performance of dairy cows. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 19(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.163-166Kasarda, R. et al. (2020). Genetic diversity and production potential of animal food resources.Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 23(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.102-108.Miglior, F. et al. (2007). Genetic analysis of milk urea nitrogen and lactose and their relationships with other production traits in Canadian Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 90, 2468–2479. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-487Satoła, A. et al. (2017). Genetic parameters for lactose percentage and urea concentration in milk of Polish Holstein‑Friesian cows. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 35(2), 159–172. http://www.ighz.edu.pl/uploaded/FSiBundleContentBlockBundleEntityTranslatableBlockTranslatableFilesElement/filePath/872/str241-252.pdfSAS INSTITUTE Inc. (2016). Base SAS® 9.4 Procedures Guide. Cary. NC: SAS InstituteInc., Carry, USA.Slovak Simmental Breeders Association. (2020). The history of the breed. standard. breeding type of Slovak Spotted cattle. ZCHSSD. [Online]. Available at: http://www.simmental.sk/about-breed/breed-objective.html [Accessed: 2020.Jule 21].Stadnik, L. et al. (2018). Effects of body condition score and daily milk yield on reproduction traits of Czech Fleckvieh cows. Animal Reproduction(AR), 14(Supplement 1), 1264–1269. http://dx.doi. org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR944The Breeding Service of the Slovak Republic, S.E. (2020). Results of dairy herd milk recording in Slovak Republic at control years 2015 to 2019. BSSR. Retrieved July 20. 2020. http://test.plis.sk/volne /rocenkamagazin/rocenka.aspx?id= mlhd2019ZAR (2020). Fleckvieh/ Simmental. [Annual report 2019]. Vienna: ZAR. Retrieved October 5. 2020. http://en.zar.at/Cattle_breeding_in_Austria.htm
The impact of calving season, dams’ parity on milk yield and gestation length of dairy cows
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-06 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.41-44The purpose of the study was to asses the effect of calving season and dams’ parity on milk yield and gestation length of dairy cows. We examined 93 animals of Slovak spotted breed from the farm located in western Slovakia (Lower Váh region), in years 2014-2017. The herds’ average 305-d milk yield was 8133±1380 kg. The calving season was divided into four categories: spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February). The factor of dams parity was divided into 4 groups: 1st parity cows, 2nd-3rd parity cows, 4th and higher parity cows. Calving season affected significantly milk yield of dairy cows (P 0.32). Dams’ parity was not significantly affected by 305-d milk yield (P > 0.22). Nevertheless, the animals on the 4th and higher lactation were numerically more productive (8481±259 kg) compared to the dairy cows on their 1st,2nd-3rd lactation (8123±264 kg; 7884±223 kg; resp.). The dams’ parity significantly affected gestation length (P < 0.02), with the shortest gestation length in 1st parity dams (278±2 days) and the longest gestation in 2nd-3rd parity dams (284±1 days).To sum up, our results suggest significant role of calving season in relation to milk yield and significant effect of dams’ parity on gestation length.Keywords:milk yield, gestation, calving season, parity, dairy cows ReferencesBARASH, H., SILANIKOVE, N. and WELLER, J. (1996). Effect of Season of Birth on Milk, Fat, and Protein Production of Israeli Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 79(6), 1016–1020.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76453-6Ceyhan, A., Cinar, M. and Serbester, U. (2015). Milk yield, somatic cell count, and udder measurements in holstein cows at different lactation number and months. Media Peternakan, 38(2), 118–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.118DAHL, G. E. and PETITCLERC, D. (2003). Management of photoperiod in the dairy herd for improved production and health. Journal of Animal Science, 81(3), 11-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81suppl_311xDAHL, G. E., TAO, S. and MONTEIRO, A. P. A. (2016). Effects of late-gestation heat stress on immunity and performance of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(4), 3193–3198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9990FROIDMONT, E. et al. (2013). Association between age at first calving, year and season of first calving and milk production in Holstein cows. Animal, 7(4), 665–672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112001577MACIUC, V. 2009. Influence of the calving season on the milk yield given by a friesian population, imported from the Netherlands. Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Seria Zootehnie, 52(1), 340–344.Mellado, M. et al. (2011). Effect of lactation number, year, and season of initiation of lactation on milk yield of cows hormonally induced into lactation and treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(9), 4524–4530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4152Mikláš, Š. et al. (2019a). Association of chosen environmental and animal factorswith gestation length and lactation of dairy cows in two Slovak herds. In Cerkal R. et al. (eds.) MendelNet 2019. Brno : Mendel University in Brno (pp. 153–157). ISBN 978-80-7509-688-3.Mikláš, Š. et al. (2019b). Effect of calving season and temperature at calving on the gestation length. In Tóthová, M. et al. (eds.) Scientific conference of PhD. students of FAFR and FBFS with international participation. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (p. 20). ISBN 978-80-552-2083-3.Mikláš, Š. et al. (2020). The effect of dams‘ parity on milk yield, birth and weaning weight of their daughters. In Chrenek P. (ed.) Animal biotechnology 2020. Nitra: Slovak Agricultural University (p. 54). ISBN 978-80-552-2145-8NORMAN, H. D. et al. (2009). Genetic and environmental factors that affect gestation length 72 in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 2259-2269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0982RAY, D. E., HALBACH, T. J. and ARMSTRONG, D. V. (1992). Season and Lactation Number Effects on Milk Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle In Arizona. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(11), 2976-2983.RIUS, A. G. and DAHL, G. E. (2006). Exposure to long-day photoperiod prepubertally may increase milk yield in first-lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(6), 2080-2083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72277-9Storli, K. S., Heringstad B. and Salte R. (2014). Effect of dams' parity and age on daughters' milk yield in Norwegian Red cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(10), 6242-6249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8072Tančin, V., Mikláš, Š. and Mačuhová, L. (2018). Possible physiological and environmental factors affecting milk production and udder health of dairy cows: a review. Slovak journal of animal science. 51(1), 32-40.Tao, S. et al. (2019). PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Effects of heat stress during late gestation on the dam and its calf. Journal of Animal Science, 97(5), 2245–2257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz061TOMASEK, R., REZAC, P. and HAVLICEK, Z. (2017). Environmental and animal factors associated with gestation length in Holstein cows and heifers in two herds in the Czech Republic. Theriogenology, 87(1), 100-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.009WRIGHT, E.C. et al. (2014). Effect of elevated ambient temperature at parturition on duration of gestation, ruminal temperature, and endocrine function of fall-calving beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 92(10), 4449-4456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-805
Linkage disequilibrium, genomic inbreeding and effective populations size to unravel population history
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2021-03-25 | Accepted: 2021-04-16 | Available online: 2021-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.161-166The use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data had become commonplace in animal breeding activities and management of livestock populations. The cost-effective genotyping allowed us to assess entire populations and learn about their history on the genomic level. This paper reviews several approaches that are commonly used in the context of genomic diversity in livestock, such as the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and assessment of autozygosity via runs of homozygosity (ROH). Both methods, however, are being used to assess the impact of natural or artificial selection on the livestock genome. Apart from these selection signatures, both the LD and ROH are used to assess the effective population size (Ne), which likewise, serves as a diversity management tool and describes the historical events in populations.Keywords: livestock, genomics, SNP, selection signatures, diversityReferencesAblondi, M. et al. (2020). Genetic Diversity and Signatures of Selection in a Native Italian Horse Breed Based on SNP Data. Animals, 10(6), 1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061005Almeida, O.A.C. et al. (2019). Identification of selection signatures involved in performance traits in a paternal broiler line. BMC Genomics, 20(1), 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5811-1Ardlie, K.G., Kruglyak, L. & Seielstad, M. (2002). Patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature Reviews Genetics, 3(4), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg777Baes, C. F. et al. (2019). Symposium review: The genomic architecture of inbreeding: How homozygosity affects health and performance. 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Effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell stored and fresh extracts on cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-10 | Accepted: 2020-12-28 | Available online: 2021-06-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.124-128 A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of cashew nut shell extract in the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under prevailing laboratory conditions. Fresh ethanolic and stored extract of cashew nut shell served as treatments which were compared with untreated control. Data collected on adult mortality, total number of emerged progeny (adults), number and weight of damaged seeds (seeds with holes) and undamaged seeds (seeds without holes) and percentage seed weight loss, and average number of seeds per 50 g in a container and the data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and significant different means were separated using Duncan`s Multiple Range test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that treated plants generally performed better than the untreated. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (P <0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (P <0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. It was also noted that the extract reduced or suppressed the weight loss and grain damage as a result of treatment with the extract compared to the untreated control. However, freshly extract of cashew nut shell recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the extract.Keywords: cowpea, Anacardium occidentale, Callosobruchus maculatus, botanicals, pest management ReferencesAbudulai, M. et al. (2016). Farmer participatory pest management evaluations and variety selection in diagnostic farmer field Fora in cowpea in Ghana. 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Grape pomace in equine nutrition: effect on antioxidant status
Full text linkReceived: 2021-10-04 | Accepted: 2021-11-29 | Available online: 2021-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.04.340-344Grape pomace is a bioactive compound rich winery by-product having antioxidant properties. However, its use in equine nutrition in this regard have been unexploited to date. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether dried grape pomace (DGP) could enhance the antioxidant mechanisms of horses. Redox status was assessed through glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood serum, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Twelve horses were assigned to three groups recieving a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 g of DGP (experimental group 1), or 400 g of DGP (experimental group 2) for 30 days. Dietary DGP supplementation of horses at a level of 200 g positively affected their redox status through increased FRAP (P<0.05). However, no changes in the activity of enzymes GPx and SOD were detected neither at the level of 200 g nor 400 g of DGP. Based on the presented results, further research is required to test other levels of DGP in horse diets and its potential to affect the redox status of these animals.Keywords: grape pomace, horses, SOD, GPx, FRAPReferencesAlía, M., Horcajo, C., Bravo, L. and Goya, L. (2003). Effect of grape antioxidant dietary fiber on the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats. Nutrition Research, 23(9), 1251–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00131-3Balea, Ş. S. et al. (2018). Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects of pomace extracts from Fetească Neagră Cultivar. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8194721Benzie, I. F. and Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. 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Effects of grape seed procyanidins on growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Livestock Science, 178, 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.004Hosseini-Vashan, S. J. et al. (2020). The growth performance, plasma biochemistry indices, immune system, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of heat-stressed broiler chickens fed grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 259, 114343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114343Ishida, K. et al. (2015). Effects of feeding polyphenol‐rich winery wastes on digestibility, nitrogen utilization, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and oxidative stress in wethers. Animal Science Journal, 86(3), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12280Kafantaris, I. et al. (2017). Grape pomace improves antioxidant capacity and faecal microflora of lambs. 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The effect of natural feed additive on productive performance of broiler chickens
Full text linkReceived: 2020-11-16 | Accepted: 2021-06-01 | Available online: 2021-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.04.334-339In this work we aimed to analyse the effect of different levels of Musculaton® with selected amino acids and herbal extracts on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total 240 one-day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 of mixed sex were divided into four experimental groups (n = 60): a control and three experimental groups with addition of Musculaton® in levels 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25% in drinking water from 22 to 35 day of fattening. In nutrition, we used commercial feed mixtures, water and feed was provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 42 days. The body weights of all birds were recorded individually at weekly interval from 1 to 42 day. Total feed consumption and total mortality were determined to 42 day of fattening period. Carcass characteristics were detected at the end of the experiment. The addition of different levels of Musculaton® significantly increased (p 0.05) by the application of Musculaton®. The liver, pancreas, kidney and small intestine proportions were significantly higher (p 0.05).Keywords: broiler chicken, amino acids, herbal extract, performance, carcass characteristicsReferencesAbou-Elkhair, R. et al. (2014). Effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) and coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations as feed additives on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27, 847–854. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13644Akbarian, A. et al. (2012). Influence of turmeric rhizome and black pepper on blood constituents and performance of broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(34), 8606–8611. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3318Al-Harthi, M.A. (2006). 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Application of probiotics in poultry production. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 45, 55–57.Lambert, R.J.W. et al. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91, 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.xMehala, C. and Moorthy, M. (2008). Effect of Aloe vera and Curcuma longa (turmeric) on carcass characteristics and biochemical parameters of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7, 857–861. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.857.861Murugesan, G.R. et al. (2015). Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Frontiers of Veterinary Science, 2(21). https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00021Nouzarian, R. et al. (2011). Effect of turmeric powder on performance, carcass traits, humoral immune responses, and serum metabolites in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 20, 389–400. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66194/2011Ocak, N. et al. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promoter source. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 53(4), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.17221/373-CJASOlukosi, O. A. and Dono, N. D. (2014). Modification of digesta pH and intestinal morphology with the use of benzoic acid or phytobiotics and the effects on broiler chicken growth performance and energy and nutrient utilization. Journal of Animal Science, 92, 3945–3953. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6368Ojano-Dirain, C. and Waldroup, P. (2002). Evaluation of lysine, methionine and threonine needs of broilers three to six week of age under moderate temperature stress. International Journal of Poultry Science, 1, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2002.16.21Osman, M. et al. (2010). Productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 30(1), 25–53.Pistová, V. et al. (2016). The effect of the humic acid and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on performance parameters and carcass characteristic of broiler chicken. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 17(4), 1168–1178. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/17.4.1826Roofchaee, A. et al. (2011). Effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil on growth performance, cecal microflora and serum antioxidant activity of broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 6177–6183. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJB.V10I32Song R.I. et al. (2017). Effects of dietary oregano powder supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chicks. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16(2), 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2016.1274243Sugiharto, S. (2016). Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth performance of poultry. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.06.001Suriya, R. et al. (2012). The effect of dietary inclusion of herbs as growth promoter in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11, 346–350. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.346.350Tesseraud, S. et al. M. (1996). Relative responses of protein turnover in three different skeletal muscles to dietary lysine deficiency in chicks. British Poultry Science, 37, 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417893Ultee, A. et al. (2002). The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 1561–1568. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1561-1568.2002Wang, D. et al. (2015). Effects of dietary supplementation with turmeric rhizome extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capability, and meat quality of Wenchang broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3), 344–349. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3870Weis, J. et al. (2010) Effect of probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7158 supplement on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, 13(4), 96–98.Zafarnejad, K. et al. (2017). Effect of bee glue on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1), 280–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2016.117413
The analysis of selected physical and technological parameters of pork quality depending on intesity of the pigs growth in fattening
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-30 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.71-74The experiment was conducted to compare the differences in the physical and technological quality of pork meat with different growth intensity. The pigs were divided in accordance with the average daily gain values as followed: a) the fast-growing group (R1> AGD + 0.5 SD), b) the medium-fast-growing group (R2= AGD ± 0.5 SD) and c) slow-growing group (R3< AGD - 0.5 SD). For group of gilts, we found a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the drip loss value between the fast-growing group and the medium-growing group and the fast-growing group compared to the slow-growing group of gilts. Between the fast-growing group and the medium-growing group, as well as between the fast-growing group and the slow-growing group of gilts, the differences in shear force value were statistically highly significant at the level of P ≤ 0.01. At the same time, in the colour of meat in redness (a* value) were found statistically significant differences between groups of barrows according to the growth rate at the level of P ≤ 0.05 and between fast and slow-growing gilts at the level of P ≤ 0.01 and medium and slow-growing gilts at the level of P ≤ 0.05. In addition, in the meat yellowness (b*) we also determined a statistically highly significant difference at the level of P ≤ 0.01 between the fastest-growing group and medium fast-growing barrows and a significant difference at the level of P ≤ 0.05 between the fast and slow-growing group of gilts.Keywords: fattening pigs, growth intensity in pig, pork qualityReferencesBrocks, L. et al. (1998). Histochemical characteristics in relation to meat quality properties in the Longissimus lumborum of fast and lean growing lines of Large White pigs. Meat Science, 50(4), 411–420. DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(98)00053-9 Correa, J.A. et al. (2006). Effects of slaughter weight on carcass composition and meat quality in pigs of two different growth rates. Meat Science, 72(1), 91–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.06.006 Duan, Y. et al. (2018). Effects of slaughter weight and growth rate on the longissimus muscle metabolic characteristics, and pork sensory quality in pigs of two sexes. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 98(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0032Georgsson, L. and Svendsen. J. (2002). Degree of competition at feeding differentially affects behavior and performance of group-housed growing-finishing pigs of different relative weights. Journal of Animal Science, 80(2), 376–383. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.802376xHe, Y. et al. (2016). Identifying factors contributing to slow growth in pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(5), 2103–2116. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-0005Hovenier, R. (1993). Breeding for meat quality in pigs. Landbouwuniversiteit: Wageningen University & Research.Latorre, M.A. et al. (2008). The relationship within and between production performance and meat quality characteristics in pigs from three different genetic lines. Livestock Science, 115(2–3), 258–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.08.013Li, Y. 2015. Indicators of Slow Growing Pigs. Swine Scientist. Retrieved October 10, 2020 from https://wcroc.cfans.umn.edu/sites/wcroc.cfans.umn.edu/files/indicators_of_slow_growing_pigs_2015.pdfNissen, P.M. et al. (2004). Within litter variation in muscle fiber characteristics, pig performance, and meat quality traits. Journal of Animal Science, 82(2), 414–421. · DOI: 10.2527/2004.822414x Nissen, P.M. et al. (2009). Pig meat quality predicted by growth rate at farm level. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science, 59(3), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064700903254265Oksbjerg, N. et al. (2000). Long-term changes in performance and meat quality of Danish Landrace pigs: a study on a current compared with an unimproved genotype. Animal Science, 71(Part: 1), 81–92.Quentin, M. et al. (2003). Growth, carcass composition and meat quality response to dietary concentrations in fast-, medium-and slow-growing commercial broilers. Animal Research, 52(1), 65-77. DOI: 10.1051/animres:2003005Quiniou, N. et al. (2002). Variation of piglets’ birth weight and consequences on subsequent performance. Livestock Production Science, 78(1), 63–70. DOI: 10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00181-1Stupka, R. et al. (2013). Chov zvířat. Praha : Powerprint.Suzuki, K. et al. (2005). Genetic parameter estimates of meat quality traits in Duroc pigs selected for average daily gain, longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and intramuscular fat content. Journal of Animal Science, 83(9), 2058–2065. DOI: 10.2527/2005.8392058x Wagner, C. (2007). Influence of selection for improved growth rate on pork quality. Iowa: Iowa State University.Wright, Ch. (2017). Variation in Pig Growth Rate and Live Weight. The pig site. Retrieved October 10, 2020 from https://www.thepigsite.com/articles/variation-in-pig-growth-rate-and-live-weightZammerini, D. et al. (2009). Effect of pig growth rate and health status on meat eating quality. Cambridge University Press, 2009(1), 103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S175275620002942
The effect of xanthohumol on carcass and oxidation parameters in the meat of Japanese quail
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.67-70In recent years, the addition of different plant extracts has become an inherent practice in poultry production. Not only as they represent a source of energy but also the beneficial content of improving the growth and quality of meat. The aim of our study was determined the effect of xanthohumol on body weight, percentage of valuable parts of muscle, content of meat of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), and oxidation processes in meat during cold storage for 7 days at 4 °C. In the comparison of groups of quails with supplementation of xanthohumol in water and in feed, the higher protein content in meat we detected in group with feed supplementation (P<0.05). Xanthohumol, administered in feed and water, did not affect the weight, percentage of valuable parts of muscle, pH of meat, water content, fat and ash in meat. The fat oxidation, and value of TBARS were lower in quails with feed supplementation in compare to control group (P<0.05). Keywords:prenylflavonoids, xanthohumol, hops, Japanese quails, carcass value ReferencesAyabe, S., Uchiama, H., Aoki, T., Akashi, T. (2010). Plant Phenolilics: Phenylpropanoides. 1, 929–976. Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier.Babangida, S., Ubosi, C. O. (2005). Effects of varying dietary protein levels in the performance of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in a semi-arid environment. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 33(1/2), 45–52.Barriuso, B., Astiasarán, I., Ansorena, D. (2013). A review of analytical methods measuring lipid oxidation status in foods: A challenging task. European Food Research and Technology. 236, 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s00217-012-1866-9.Choudhary, M., Mahadevan, T. (1986). Influence of age, storage and type of cuts on the composition of quail meat. Indian Poultry Science, 21(3), 252–254.GraphPad Prism version 4.00, GraphPad Software Inc. San Diego CA, 2003. Jiang, C. H., Xiang D. X., Wei, S. S., Li, W. Q. (2018). Anticancer activity and mechanism of xanthohumol: a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 22(9), 530.10.3389/fphar.2018.00530Liu, M., Hansen, P. E., Wang, G., Qiu, L., Dong, J., Yin, H., et al. (2015). Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus). Molecules, 20(1), 754–779.10.3390/molecules20010754Marcinčák, S., Sokol, J., Turek, P., Popelka, P., Nagy, J. (2006). Stanovenie malóndialdehydu v bravčovom mase s použitím extrakcie tuhej fáze a HPLC. Chemické Listy,100, 528–532.Nikolic, D., van Breemen, R. B. (2013). Analytical methods for quantitation of prenylated flavonoids from hops. Current Analytical Chemistry, 9(1), 71–85. 10.2174/157341113804486554Panda, B., Singh, R. P. (1990). Developments in processing quail meat and eggs. World´s Poulry Science Journal, 46(3), 219–234.Ruban, S. W. (2009). Lipid peroxidation in muscle foods-An Overview. Global Veterinaria. 3, 509–513.Simpson, B. K. (2012). Food Biochemistry and Food processing. 2th ed. Iowa: BlackwellPublishing.Tkáčová, J., Angelovičová, M. (2013). Aetherolum and fatoxidation of chicken meat. Potravinárstvo, 7(1), 76–79.Vaclovský, A., Vejcik, S. (1999). Analýza produkčních znaků japonských křepelek plemene Faraon. Collection of Scientific Papers, Faculty of Agriculture in České Budejovice, Series of Animal Sciences, 16(2), 201–208.Veterinary Laboratory Methodology, VI. Hygiena potravín. Kolektív autorov. SVS ČR, ŠVS SR, Bratislava, 1990, 130s.Zanoli, P., Zavatti, M. (2008). Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. Journal of Etnopharmacology, 116(3), 383–396. 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.01
The relationship between claw diseases of dairy cows and the protein and urea content of the milk
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.102-104The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the claw diseases of dairy cows on the protein and urea content in milk. The study was conducted on 198 dairy cows, half of which was lame. Animals were divided into three groups according to their current phase of lactation. The cause of lameness was diagnosed in the claw crush. Milk samples were taken from all animals and the protein and urea content were determined. The content of protein and urea in milk of the lame cows in the first phase of lactation was reduced by 9.55 % and 29.9 %, respectively. Lame cows in the second phase of lactation had milk and urea content reduced by 6.94 % and 18.9 %, respectively. The cows in the third phase of lactation had content of milk protein and urea decreased by 10.3 % and 18 %, respectively. These results point to the fact that painful claw diseases affect the protein and urea content of milk.Keywords: claw diseases, dairy cattle, milk, protein, urea ReferencesAuldist, M. J. et al. (1995). Changes in the composition of milk from healthy and mastitic dairy cows during the lactation cycle. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 35, 427-436. DOI: 10.1071/EA9950427.Auldist, M. J. et al. (1998) Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. Journal of Dairy Research, 65, 401-411. DOI: 10.1017/s0022029998002970.Auldist, M. J., Hubble, I. B. (1998). Effects of mastitis on raw milk and dairy products. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 1998, 53, 28-36. AGR: IND21984460.Bach, A. et al. (2007). Associations between lameness and production, feeding and milking attendance of Holstein cows milked with an automatic milking system. Journal of Dairy Research, 74(1), 40–46. DOI: 10.1017/S0022029906002184.Bradley, A. et al. (2012). Control of mastitis and enhancement of milk quality. In Green M. et al. (eds). Dairy Herd Health. Croydon:CABI, 117–168. DOI: 10.1079/9781845939977.0117.Dhali, A et al. (2006). Monitoring feeding adequacy in dairy cows using milk urea and milk protein contents under farm condition. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19, 1742-1748. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.1742.Green, L. E. et al. (2010). Associations between lesion-specific lameness and the milk yield of 1635 dairy cows from seven herds in the Xth region of Chile and implications for the management of dairy cows worldwide. Animal Welfare, 19, 419-427. ISSN: 0962-7286.Grimm, K. et al. (2019). New insights into the association between lameness, behavior, and performance in Simmental cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(3), 2453–2468. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15035.Haug, A. et al. (2007). Bovine milk in human nutrition–a review. Lipids in Health and Disease, 6(1), 25. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-6-25Holdaway, R. J. (1990). A comparison of methods for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis within New Zealand dairy herds. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massey University, http://hdl.handle.net/10179/3162Jonker, J. S. et al. (1998). Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 2681–2692. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75825-4.Kohn, R. A. et al. (2002). Evaluation of models to estimate urinary nitrogen and expected milk urea nitrogen. Journal fo Dairy Science, 85, 227–233. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74071-X.Mudroň, P. (2015). Claw diseases and dairy production. Slovak Veterinary Journal, 40(1-2), 77–80.O´Callaghan KA, et al. (2003). Subjective and objective assessment of pain and discomfort due to lameness in dairy cattle. Animal Welfare, 12(4), 605–610.Shuster, D. E. et al. (1991). Suppression of Milk Production During Endotoxin-Induced Mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 74 (11), 3763-3774. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78568-8.Tyasi, T. L. et al. (2015). Assessing the effect of nutrition on milk composition of dairy cows: A review. International Journal of Current Science, 17, 2250–1770. ISSN: 2250-1770.Vajda, V., Maskaľová, I. (2016). Evaluation of feed quality and creation of productive animal health, Košice: UVLF. ISBN: 978-80-8077-526-1.
Genetic variability of commercially important apple varieties (Malus x domestica Borkh.) assessed by CDDP markers
No full text Received: 2020-10-13 Accepted: 2021-02-08 Available online: 2021-02-28https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-apa.21-26Apple stand on the top of the most desirable and most produced fruit species in the world. Despite enormously wide geneticdiversity among existing apple varieties, the current market is mostly oriented on several cultivars of commercially attractivetraits. For the preservation of genetic resources and for breeding programmes, the evaluation of genetic diversity is fundamental.Number of marker systems have been developed and adopted in the assessment apple germplasm. In the present study, CDDPmarker technique was used to analyse polymorphism within the genomes of fifteen apple varieties which are of large commercialuse. Five primer combinations were used in the PCR amplification: WRKY-F1/WRKY-R1, WRKY-F1/WRKY-R2, WRKY-F1/WRKY-R2B,WRKY-F1/WRKY-R3 and WRKY-F1/WRKY-R3B. All primer combinations produced polymorphic amplification patterns. In someprimer combinations, identical amplification profiles were observed in few varieties, but amplification patterns of all combinationsmerged were specific for each apple variety. Identical profiles were only seen in Red Delicious and Granny Smith in F1/R1 primercombination, May Gold and Paula Red, and Selena and Melodie in F1/R2 primer combination and May Gold and Paula Red whenF1/R3B primers were used. Based on the CDDP markers, UPGMA algorithm assessed cultivars Paula Red and May Gold as themost similar (with similarity value of 0.909), whereas Gloster and Ambrosia showed to be the least similar within the analyzed set(similarity value of 0.200). The study proved CDDP markers to be suitable tool to produce polymorphic amplification patterns inapple genotypes.Keywords: conserved DNA-derived polymorphism, genetic variability, WRKY, DNA markersReferencesAouadi , M. et al. (2019). Conserved DNA-derived polymorphism, new markers for genetic diversity analysis of Tunisian Pistaciavera L. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(5), 1211–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00690-4Atia, M. A. M. (2017). Assessing date palm genetic diversity using different molecular markers. Methods Mol Biol, 1638, 125–142.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7159-6_12Collard, B. C. and Mackill, D. J. (2009). Conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP): a simple and novel method forgenerating DNA markers in plants. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 27(4), 558–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-009-0118-zCornille, A. et al. (2014). The domestication and evolutionary ecology of apples. Trends in Genetics, 30(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.10.002Davila , J. A. et al. (1998). The use of random amplified microsatellite polymorphic DNA and coefficients of parentage todetermine genetic relationships in barley. Genome, 41, 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1139/g98-044Dar , J. A. et al. (2020). Assessment of Apple (Malus × domestica Bark.) Germplasm of Kashmir Using RAPD Markers. InternationalJournal of Fruit Science, 20(3), 635–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2019.1639583Gardiner, S. E. et al. (1996). Isozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and restriction fragment-lengthpolymorphism (RFLP) markers used to deduce a putative parent for the ‘Braeburn’ apple. Journal of the American Societyfor Horticultural Science, 121(6), 996–1001. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.121.6.99Goulao , L. et al. (2001). Comparing RAPD and AFLPTM analysis in discrimination and estimation of genetic similarities amongapple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars. Euphytica, 119(3), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017519920447Goulao , L. and Oliveira , C.M. (2001). Molecular characterisation of cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) usingmicrosatellite (SSR and ISSR) markers. Euphytica, 122, 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012691814643Gross , B. L. (2014). Genetic diversity in Malus × domestica (Rosaceae) through time in response to domestication. AmericanJournal of Botany, 101(10), 1770–1779. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400297Hajibarat , Z. et al. (2015). Characterization of genetic diversity in chickpea using SSR markers, start codon targetedpolymorphism (SCoT) and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP). Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 21(3), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-015-0306-2Jiang, L. and Zang, D. (2018). Analysis of genetic relationships in Rosa rugosa using conserved DNA-derived polymorphismmarkers. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip, 32(1), 88–94. https://doi.org/10. 1080/13102818.2017.1407255Kafkas , S. et al. (2008). Molecular characterization of mulberry accessions in Turkey by AFLP markers. J Am Soc Hort Sci, 4,593–597. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.133.4.593Kyse ľ, M. et al. (2019). Marker profiling of wheat with different drought tolerance by CDDP. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnologyand Food Sciences, 9(4), 1220–1222. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2019.8.5.1220-1222Li, T. et al. (2013). Genetic diversity assessment of chrysanthemum germplasm using conserved DNA-derived polymorphismmarkers. Sci Hortic, 162, 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.08.027Li, Y. Y. and Zheng, C. S. (2013). Genetic diversity of Tree Peony cultivar resources in Heze Revealed by CDDP Marker. ScientiaAgric Sin, 46(13), 2739–2750.Li, T. et al. (2014). Genetic diversity and construction of fingerprinting of chrysanthemum cultivars by CDDP markers. J BeijingFor Univ, 36(4), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.13332/j.cnki.jbfu.2014.04.018Myles , S. et al. (2011). Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, 108(9), 3530–3535. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009363108Myles , S. (2013). 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