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Cell homeostasis alterations induced by environmental stress
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2021-01-08 | Accepted: 2021-02-08 | Available online: 2021-09-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.03.226-232The modern lifestyle with high level of industrialization eventuates in the large quantity of environmental pollutants entering the atmosphere, soil and water. Hence, exposure of the organism to these elements occurs primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food and water or through inhalation of polluted air. Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and other xenobiotics are able to interact with essential cellular components resulting in destabilization of the control machineries required for the normal cell behavior. The main focus of this review is thus to describe the current knowledge of the threat of the toxic environment to fundamental processes of living organisms. Although much has been investigated to date concerning the effect of environmental contamination on all aspects of the organism’s biological processes including metabolism, growth, or reproduction, still a lot remains elusive.Keywords: environmental contamination, heavy metals, cell cycle, ionome, homeostasisReferencesBarnum, K. J., & O’connell, M. J. (2014). Cell cycle regulation by checkpoints. Cell Cycle Control: Mechanisms and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology; Springer New York, NY, 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0888-2_2Beyersmann, D., & Hartwig, A. (2008). Carcinogenic metal compounds: Recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Archives of Toxicology, 82(8), 493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0313-yBišová, K. et al. (2003). Cell growth and division processes are differentially sensitive to cadmium in Scenedesmus quadricauda. Folia Microbiologica, 48(6), 805–816. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02931518Cheng, C. H. et al. (2021). 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A knockout screen for protein kinases required for the proper meiotic segregation of chromosomes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cell Cycle, 12(4), 618–624. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.23513Lahner, B. et al. (2003). Genomic scale profiling of nutrient and trace elements in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Biotechnology, 21(10), 1215–1221. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt865Lanz, M. C. (2019). DNA damage kinase signaling: Checkpoint and repair at 30 years. The EMBO Journal, 38(18), e101801. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019101801Lazarini, T. E. de M. et al. (2019). Selenium, total mercury and methylmercury in sardine: Study of molar ratio and protective effect on the diet. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 54 (5), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1574167Lee, S., & Bolanos-Garcia, V. M. (2014). The dynamics of signal amplification by macromolecular assemblies for the control of chromosome segregation. 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Blood parameters and immune responses during haemonchosis
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-06 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.29-32 The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of medicinal plants (Artemisia absinthium and Malva sylvestris) as feed supplements on blood parameters, and local immune responses in the abomasum of Haemonchus contortus infected lambs. Twenty-four lambs were infected orally with 5000 L3 larvae of H. contortus and subsequently randomly divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (UNS), animals with A. absinthium (ART), animals with M. sylvestris (MAL), and animals with a mix of two plants (ARTMAL). During the experiment, samples of blood were taken for evaluation of hemoglobin and albumin levels. All animals were humanely killed after 75 days of the experiment, and abomasum tissue samples were taken for histopathology. The hemoglobin concentration in the blood was influenced by time (p< 0.001) and in all groups decreased until day 45. The serum albumin levels were influenced by treatment (p< 0.05) and time (p< 0.001) and in all groups occurred reduction until the end of the experiment compared to day 15. The number of plasma cells was higher in ARTMAL compared to MAL (p< 0.05). UNS and ART had significantly higher numbers of mast cells compared to MAL (p< 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The regeneration of abomasal tissue was most frequent in ARTMAL. The results showed that dietary supplementation by A. absinthium and M. sylvestris did not positively affected blood parameters but influenced local immune response in the abomasum of H. contortus infected sheep.Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, sheep, hemoglobin, abomasum, local immune responseReferencesBesier, R. et al. (2016). The Pathophysiology, Ecology and Epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus. In Gasser, RB and Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. Haemonchus contortus- Past, present and future trends. (1. ed.). London: Elsevier Ltd (pp. 95-143).Hoste, H. et al. (2016). Interactions between nutrition and infections with Haemonchus contortus and related gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. Advances in Parasitology, 93, 239–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025 McRae, KM. et al. (2015). The host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep. Parasite Immunology, 37(12), 605-613. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12290.Mravčáková, D. et al. (2019). Natural chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling of haemonchosis in sheep. BMC Veterinary Research, 15, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2050-2Rouatbi, M. et al. (2016). Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams. The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 83(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1129Váradyová, Z. et al. (2018). Effects of herbal nutraceuticals and/or zinc against Haemonchus contortus in lambs experimentally infected. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1405-4Villalba, JJ. Et al. (2017). Phytochemicals in animal health: Diet selection and trade-offs between costs and benefits. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511600071
Live weight changes during lactation in Montbéliarde cows
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-09-22 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.5-10AbstractThis research was conducted on 147 cows of purebred Montbéliarde dairy cattle during their first to seventh lactation. On average, each dairy cow provided 161 values on live weight during lactation via the automatic milking system (AMS). The average live weight of a dairy cow of said herd was 699.94 kg, the daily milk yield was 33.67 kg on average and the average day of lactation (DIM) was 111.75. This research discovered a statistically significant decrease of live weight in dairy cattle before the 60th day of lactation in every observed lactation. On the contrary, the changes in live weight in the last 60 days of standardized lactation proved to be inconclusive. Between days 60 and 240 of the lactation, an increase of live weight of varying intensities was observed, mainly in cows who had undergone less lactation cycles in the past. Similarly, the research has proven an impact of the number of lactation cycles the cow has undergone in the past on the live weight of the cow during the first, second and third lactation (645.21 kg, 700.35 kg and 752.10 kg respectively). On the contrary, there was no conclusive difference in live weight between the third and more lactation cycles. The results have also shown that the changes in live weight during lactation were significantly different in first-calf heifers, as opposed to cows after more lactation cycles, similarly to the differences in milk yield.Keywords: Montbéliarde, dairy, body weight, lactation, cowReferencesALAWNEH, J. I. et al. (2011). Automatic recording of daily walkover liveweight of dairy cattle at pasture in the first 100 days in milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 4431–4440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4002CHLÁDEK, G., KUČERA, J. (2000). An analysis of some factors affecting the milk production of cows sired by Montbéliarde sires in the Czech Republic. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 48(3), 21–26.CHLÁDEK, G. et al. (2001). The effect of Montbéliarde sires on the populations of Montbéliarde and Czech Spotted cows in the Czech Republic. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 49(4), 7–12.GRUBER, L. et al. (2018). Body weight prediction using body size measurements in Fleckvieh, Holstein, and Brown Swiss dairy cows in lactation and dry periods. Archives Animal Breeding, 61, 413–424.DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-413-2018KOPEC, T. et al. (2013). The effect of the calving season on the Wood’s model parameters and characteristics of the lactation curve in Czech Fleckvieh cows. Archives Animal Breeding, 56, 808–815.DOI: https://doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-080LEDINEK, M. et al. (2019). Analysis of lactating cows in commercial Austrian dairy farms: diet composition, and influence of genotype, parity and stage of lactation on nutrient intake, body weight and body condition score. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18, 202–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1504632MLYNEK, K., GLOWINSKA, B. (2020). The relationship of body condition and chewing time with body weight, the level of plasma cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 89, 31–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202089010031PORTES, J. V. et al. (2020). Evaluation of body weight and hip height in Nellore cows in a tropical environment. Livestock Science, 233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103953PSZCZOLA, M. et al. (2018). Short communication: Improving repeatability of cows’ body weight recorded by an automated milking system. Livestock Science, 214, 149–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.04.016SOYEURT, H. et al. (2019). Contribution of Milk Mid-Infrared Spectrum to Improve the Accuracy of Test-Day Body Weight Predicted from Stage, Lactation Number, Month of Test and Milk Yield. Livestock Science, 227, 82–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.07.007TOSHNIWAL, J. K. et al. (2008). Heritability of Electronically Recorded Daily Body Weight and Correlations with Yield, Dry Matter Intake, and Body Condition Score. Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 3201–3210.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-062
Morphological changes of reproductive organs during egg formation of autochthonous Oravka hens
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-11-01 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.33-36 In this study we investigated the changes of reproductive organs and duration of egg formation in autochthonous Oravka hens. The changes of ovary and oviduct in defferent time were investigated on 66 hens at the top of the laying. Reproductive organs have to change their weight and morphological structure depending on the dynamics of egg formation. From ovulation to laying the ovary weight increased from 47.29 to 51.55 g, oviduct weight from 71.89 to 76,31 g. Oviduct length varied from 67.39 to 68.51 g, thee functional parts were changed depending on their activity. Length of the individual oviduct parts was – infundibulum from 3.46 to 3.59 cm, magnum 36.89 to 39.98 cm, isthmus 8.87 to 10.78 cm, uterus from 10.39 to 11.97 cm and vagina from 4.89 to 5.41 cm. Keywords: Oravka, hen, egg formation, ovary, oviduct References Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F-test. Biometric, 11, 10–42. doi:10.2307/3001478Halaj, M. (1982). Morphological changes of reproductive organs of hens during egg formation. Acta zootechnica, 38, 161-173. In SlovakHead, V. (2010). Keeping chickens and other poultry. London: Aucturus Publishing Limited, 160 s. ISBN 978 -1-90723-014-9.Hobson, J. & Lewis, C. (2009). Choosing & Raising Chickens. David & Charles Limited, 2009, 160 s. ISBN 978-0-7153-3664-9.Hocking, P.M. et al. (1987). Ovarian follicular structure of white leghorns fed ad libitum and dwarf and normal broiler breeders fed ad libitum or restricted until point of lay. British Poultry Science, 28, 493-506.Hocking, P.M. and McCormack, H.A. (1995). Differential sensitivity of ovarian follicles to gonadotrophin stimulation in broiler and layer lines of domestic fowl. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 105, 49-55.Iwasawa, A. et al. (2010) Morphological and histochemical changes in the uterus epithelium during eggshell formation in quail. Journal of Poultry Science, 47, 183-189. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009112JASP 0.8.6 software (2018). Available on https://jasp-stats.org/Khokhlov, R. YU. and Kuznetcov, S. I. (2007). Morphogenesis of a tunica mucosa of oviduct of the hens. International Journal of Morphology, 25(2):329-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022007000200014Mahmud, M.A. et al. (2017). Gross morphological and morphometric studies of oviduct in three genotypes of Nigerian indigenous laying chickens. Journal of Diary, Veterinary & Amimal Research, 5 (4), 138-142. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00151Mishra, B. et al. (2019). Genetic and hormonal regulation of egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens. Poultry - An Advanced Learning, Asghar Ali Kamboh, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85011. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/poultry-an-advanced-learning/genetic-and-hormonal-regulation-of-egg -formation-in-the-oviduct-of-laying-hensMohammadi, H. and Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z. (2016). Follicle diameters, egg weight, and egg production performance in old laying hens injected with growth hormone and testosterone. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 18, 949-959.Moraes, C. et al. (2010). Morphology and histology of the oviduct of Marrecas Anaboschas. Arq Brasilian Veterinary Medicine and Zoological Technology, 62(2), 34-44. 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00151Peris, L. et al. (2005). Effect of lighting program on development of follicles during sexual maturation of laying hens. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 21 (5-6), 247-251.Pollock, C.G. and Orosz, S.E. (2002). Avian reproductive, anatomy, physiology and endocrinology. Veterinary Clinical Exotica, 5(3), 441-474. DOI: 10.1016/s1094-9194(02)00010-5Rahman, A. (2013). An introduction to morphology of the reproductive system and anatomy of hen’s egg. Journal of Life and Earth Science, 8, 1-10. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v8i0.20133Robinson, F.E. et al. (1996). Effects of age at photostimulation on reproductive efficiency and carcass characteristics. 2. Egg- type hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 76, 283-288.Sah, N and Mishra, B. (2018). Regulation of egg formation in the oviduct of laying hen. World's Poultry Science Journal. 74 (3), 509-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933918000442Veterany, L. & Jedlička, J. (2002). Poultry Anatomy. Nitra, Garrmond, 97 p. ISBN 80-968659-4-3. In SlovakVijayakumar, K. et al. (2014) Macro anatomy of female reproductive tract during laying and non-laying period in adult emu birds (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(12), 793-795
Variability of DNA based amplicon profiles generated by Bet v 1 homologous among different vegetable species
Full text linkReceived: 2020-10-07 Accepted: 2021-02-08 Available online: 2021-02-28https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-apa.1-6Pathogen-related 10 is a group of proteins derived from various plant species that contains homologues of Bet v 1, majorbirch-pollen allergen, which are able to cross-react with an IgEs of sensitive patients and invoke allergic reactions. Despitenew sequencing technologies and the amount of data generated daily, PR-10 proteins have not been discovered in everyplant species. To describe genomic variability by the -omics sciences, it is necessary to screen an undiscovered members of thegroup, map ypr-10 genes in genome and determine sequence variabilities. In this study Bet v 1 based amplified profile (BBAP)method was used to analyse the variability of 14 vegetable species (Brassica oleracea in 4 varieties) and to compare generatedpolymorphism among them. For all of the analysed species, a total number of generated amplicons was 162. The most differentprofiles were generated by Pastinaca sativa and Capsicum annuum, the highest similarity was between Apium graveolens andB. oleracea var. capitata. New type of genic molecular markers was applied successfully and proved to be an effective techniqueto map variability of PR-10 group.Keywords: PR-10, Bet v 1 homologue, vegetable, DNA marker, cross-reaction, allergy, genic molecular markerReferencesANDERSEN, M.B.S. et al. (2009). Identification of European Allergy Patterns to the Allergen Families PR-10, LTP, and Profilin fromRosaceae Fruits. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol, 41(1), 4–19.BREITENEDER, H. and EBNER, CH.M.B. (2000). Molecular and biochemical classification of plant-derived food allergens.Molecular Mechanisms in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 106(1), P27–36.CABALLERO, T. and MARTÍN-ESTEBAN, M. (1998). Association between pollen hypersensitivity and edible vegetable allergy:a review. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol., 8(1), 6–16.ELISYUTINA, O. et al. (2019). Bet v 1‐specific IgE levels and PR‐10 reactivity discriminate silent sensitization from phenotypes ofbirch allergy. Allergy, 74(12), 2525–2528.FERNANDES, H. et al. (2013). Structural and functional aspects of PR-10 proteins. FEBS Journal, 280(5), 1169–1199.FREITAS, L.B. et al. (2003). Evolutionary implications of infra-and interspecific molecular variability of pathogenesis-relatedproteins. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63(3), 437–48.GAO, Z.S. et al. (2005). Genomic cloning and linkage mapping of the Mal d 1 (PR-10) gene family in apple (Malus domestica).Theor Appl Genet, 111(1), 171–183.GUJARIA et al. (2011). Development and use of genic molecular markers (GMMs) for construction of a transcript map ofchickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Theor Appl Genet, 122(8), 1577–1589.HEATH, M.D. and HUTCHINGS, J. (2015). Molecular, proteomic and immunological parameters of allergens provide inclusioncriteria for new candidates within established grass and tree homologous groups. World Allergy Organization Journal, 8(1), 21.HELBLING, A. et al. (1993). Reactivity of carrot-specific IgE antibodies with celery, apiaceous spices, and birch pollen. AnnAllergy, 70(6), 495–499.KOPAC, P. et al. (2011). Continuous apple consumption induces oral tolerance in birch‐pollen‐associated apple allergy. Allergy,67(2), 280–285.LORENZ, A.R. et al. (2009). The principle of homologous groups in regulatory affairs of allergen products – a proposal. Int ArchAllergy Immunol., 148(1), 1–17.MCCLAIN, S. (2017). Bioinformatic screening and detection of allergen cross‐reactive IgE‐binding epitopes. Mol. Nutr. Food Res.,61(8), 1600844. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600844McGEE, J.D. et al. (2001). Characterization of a PR-10 pathogenesis-related gene family induced in rice during infection withMagnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 14(7), 877–886.MOONS, A. et al. (1997). Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and jasmonates on salt stress-inducible transcripts in rice roots.Plant Cell, 9(12), 2243–2259.NIRGUDE et al. (2014). Development and molecular characterization of genic molecular markers for grain protein and calciumcontent in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.). Mol Biol Rep, 41(3), 1189–1200.PARK, C.J. et al. (2004). Pathogenesis-related protein 10 isolated from hot pepper functions as a ribonuclease in an antiviralpathway. Plant J, 37(2), 186–198.PÜHRINGER, H. et al. (2000). The promoter of an apple Ypr10 gene, encoding the major allergen Mal d 1, is stress- and pathogeninducible.Plant Sci, 152(1), 35–50.ROBERT, N. et al. (2001). Molecular characterization of the incompatible interaction of Vitis vinifera leaves with Pseudomonassyringae pv. pisi: expression of genes coding for stilbene synthase and class 10 PR protein. Eur J Plant Pathol, 107(2), 249–261.UEHARA, M. et al. (2001). Sequential IgE epitope analysis of a birch pollen allergen (Bet v1) and an apple allergen (Mal d1).Allergology International, 50(1), 57–62.VARSHNEY R.K. (2010). Gene-based marker systems in plants: high throughput approaches for discovery and genotyping.In: Molecular techniques in crop improvement. The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 119–142.VARSHNEY et al. (2007). Genic molecular markers in plants: development and applications. In: Genomics-Assisted CropImprovement: vol. 1: Genomics Approaches and Platforms. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 13–29.WHITE, T.J. et al. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR protocolsa guide to methods and applications. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 315–322.WISNIEWSKI, M. et al. (2004). Distribution and partial characterization of seasonally expressed proteins in different aged shootsand roots of ‘Loring’ peach (Prunus persica). Tree Physiol, 24(3), 339–345.ŽIAROVSKÁ, J. and ZELEŇÁKOVÁ, L. (2016). Central and Eastern European spring pollen allergens and their expression analysisstateof the art. Diversity, 8(4), 1–11.ŽIAROVSKÁ, J. and ZELEŇÁKOVÁ, L. (2019). Application of genomic data for PCR screening of Bet v 1 conserved sequence inclinically relevant plant species. In: Systems Biology. London: IntechOpen, pp. 65–82. ISBN 978-1-83880-803-7
Influence of different weed control methods on weed biomass, growth and yield of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in forest savannah transition agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
Full text linkoai:ojs.acta.fapz.uniag.sk:article/981Article Details: Received: 2021-06-06 | Accepted: 2021-07-18 | Available online: 2021-12-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.04.272-278 Field trials were conducted in the early cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (07° 20ʹ N, 3° 23ʹ E 159 m above sea level) in the forest – savannah transition agroecology of South-western Nigeria to evaluate the effect of weed control methods on weed biomass, growth and yield of mango ginger. Ten weed control methods were evaluated and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on weed biomass, crop vigour score, stand count, number of rhizomes and rhizome yield. Results on weed biomass at 8 WAP showed that plots treated with different rates of pre-emergence herbicide gave lower weed biomass than hoe weeded plots. Also, at 24 WAP, plots treated with pre-emergence herbicide followed by different post emergence treatments gave lower weed biomass than plots when only pre-emergence herbicide was applied. In both years, plots hoe weeded five times at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 WAP gave the highest rhizome yield. Application of only pre-emergence herbicide throughout crop life cycle irrespective of the rate resulted in 60.7 to 62.0% reduction in rhizome yield relative to the maximum across the two years. Uncontrolled weed interference resulted in 91.9 and 92.1% rhizome yield reduction in 2016 and 2017, respectively. This study reveals that, mango ginger being a long-seasoned crop should be kept weed free beyond 12 WAP for acceptable yield.Keywords: herbicide, hoe weeded, pre-emergence, rhizome yield, weed biomass References:Channappagoudar, B. B., Babu, V., Naganagoudar, Y. B. and Rathod, S. (2013). Influence of herbicides on morpho-physiological growth parameters in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). The Bioscan., 8(3), 1019–1023.Chatterjee, R., Chattopadhyay, P. K., Hnamte, V., Chongtham, T. and Datta, Ray S. K. (2012). Assessment of Quality Characteristics of Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) Germplasm. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 3(3), 380–382.Eshetu, T. and Addisu, M. (2015). Effect of weed management methods on the growth and yield of ginger in Jimma, Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 5(13), 200–204.Guggari, A.K., Manjappa, K., Desai, B.K., and Chandranath, H.T. (1995). Integrated weed management in groundnut. J. Oilseeds Res., 12(1), 65–68.Hill, L. V. and Santlemann, P. V. (1969). Comparative effect of annual weeds on Spanish peanut. Weed Sci., 17, 1–2.Imoloame, E.O. (2014). The effect(s) of different weed control methods on weed infestation, growth and yield of soybeans (Glycine max (l) merril) in the southern guinea savanna of Nigeria. Agrosearch, 14(2), 129–143.KAU (Kerala Agricultural University) (2006). Annual Report of the AICRP on weed control. Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur. 2006, pp.16.Kaur, K., Bhullar, M.S., Kaur, J. and Walia, U.S. (2008). Weed management in turmeric (Curcuma longa) through integrated approaches. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 53(3), 224–229.Kaur, N., Gill, R.I. S and Bhullar, M S. (2016). Integrated weed management in poplar (Populus deltoides) – turmeric (Curcuma longa) based agroforestry system in Punjab. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 61(2), 168–173.Peer, F.A., Badrul lone, B.A., Qayoom, S., Ahmed, L., Khanday, B.A., Singh, P., and Singh, G. (2013). Effect of weed Control Methods on Yield and Yield Attributes of Soyabean. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(48), 6135–6141.Samant, L. R. (2012). Curcuma amada Roxb.: A Phytopharmacological Review. Samant. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(4), 1992–1993.Sasikumar, B. (2005). Genetic resources of Curcuma: diversity, characterization and utilization. Plant Gen. Res., 3(2), 230–251.Sivakumar, V., Ravindrakumar, K., Chandrasekhar, C., Bhagavan, B.V.K. and Nirmal Babu K. (2019). Evaluation of pre and post emergence herbicides for effective weeds control in Ginger. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(4), 2597–2599.Unamma, C.P.A., Emyimmia, J., and Emezie, J.E. (1984) Critical period of weed interference in cocoyam/maize/sweeet potato. Tropical Pest Management, 31, 21–23.Vishnupriya, M., Nishaa, S., Sasikumar, J. M., Teepica, P. D. D., Hephzibah, C. P. and Gopalakrishnan, V. K. (2012). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Curcuma amada Roxb. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(6), 99
Effect of GM maize on metabolism and performance of chicken
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-08-20 | Accepted: 2021-01-19 | Available online: 2021-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.147-154Genetically modified (GM) maize and traditional maize were tested experimentally to determine their effect on chicken serum biochemical parameters and metabolism. A total of 600 day-old chicks were divided into 2 experimental groups, namely: K, diet based on traditional maize (control); D, a diet based on GM maize (experiment). The experiment lasted 17 weeks, daily monitoring of population viability and feed consumption were carried out, at the age of 4, 8 and 17 weeks all birds were individually weighed. Blood samples for biochemical studies were taken from chickens at 4 weeks and 12 weeks of age (n= 6). Analytical studies did not show significant changes in serum biochemical parameters in group D chickens. A significant difference between the groups of chickens receiving GM and traditional maize was found only by the content of lipids after 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and cholesterol after 12 weeks of the experiment (P < 0.001). Also noted increasing level of CIC in serum of chickens that consumed feed from GM maize relative control at 32.2% (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks of the experiment. However, the studied indicators of metabolism and immune response in birds were within the physiological range. Certain fluctuations in the parameters during the experiment were observed in both groups, which indicates that there is no connection between this fact and the feeding factor. In addition, optimal results were obtained in terms of feed conversion and body weight of poultry, regardless of the feeding ration. The body weight of chickens at the age of 17 weeks in both groups was in the range of 1862.4-1895.6 g, feed consumption per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.65-3.76 kg, the livestock viability – 96.6-97.3%. The results of the study do not indicate any danger to the metabolism and health of the bird due to the use of genetically modified feed, as no statistically significant differences within the studied parameters were observed. The noted certain small deviations fell within the limits of normal variations of the considered indicators and, thus, had no biological or toxicological value.Keywords: metabolism, growth performance, feeding, GM maize, chickenReferencesAeschbacher, K. et al. (2005). Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens. Poultry Science, 84(3), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.385Brake, J., Faust, M. & Stein, J. (2005). Evaluation of transgenic hybrid corn (VIP3A) in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 84(3), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.503Chen, L. et al. (2016). Long-term toxicity study on genetically modified corn with cry1Ac gene in a Wuzhishan miniature pig model. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(12), 4207–4214. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7624Czerwiński, J. et al. (2015). The use of genetically modified Roundup Ready soyabean meal and genetically modified MON 810 maize in broiler chicken diets. Part 1. Effects on performance and blood lymphocyte subpopulations. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 24(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65640/2015de Vos, C. J. & Swanenburg, M. (2018). Health effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) crops to livestock animals: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 117(2018), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.031El-Kelawy, M.I., ELnaggar, A.S. & Abdelkhalek, E. (2018). Productive performance, blood parameters and immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with grape seed and medicago sativa as natural sources of polyphenols. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 38(1), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.21608/epsj.2018.5665Flachowsky, G., Halle, I. & Aulrich, K. (2005). Long term feeding of Bt-corn – a ten-generation study with quails. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 59(6), 449–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390500353549Gao, C. et al. (2014). Effect of Dietary Phytase Transgenic Corn on Physiological Characteristics and the Fate of Recombinant Plant DNA in Laying Hens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13265Halle, I. & Flachowsky, G. (2014). A four-generation feeding study with genetically modified (Bt) maize in laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 23(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65717/2014Jianzhuang Tan. (2012). Comparison of broiler performance, carcass yields and intestinal microflora when fed diets containing transgenic (Mon-40-3-2) and conventional soybean meal. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(59). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.013Korwin-Kossakowska, A. et al. (2016). Health status and potential uptake of transgenic DNA by Japanese quail fed diets containing genetically modified plant ingredients over 10 generations. British Poultry Science, 57(3), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2016.1162281Lu, L. et al. (2015). Influence of phytase transgenic corn on the intestinal microflora and the fate of transgenic DNA and protein in digesta and tissues of broilers. PLOS ONE, 10(11), e0143408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143408Lumeij, J. T. (1997). Avian Clinical Biochemistry. In Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. & Bruss, M. L. (Eds.). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. (5. ed.). Academic Press (pp. 857–883).McNaughton, J. et al. (2011). Nutritional equivalency evaluation of transgenic maize grain from event DP-Ø9814Ø-6 and transgenic soybeans containing event DP-356Ø43-5: Laying hen performance and egg quality measures. Poultry Science, 90(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00973Petrick, J. S., Bell, E. & Koch, M. S. (2019). Weight of the evidence: independent research projects confirm industry conclusions on the safety of insect-protected maize MON 810. GM Crops & Food, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2019.1680242Řehout, V. et al. (2009). The influence of genetically modified Bt maize MON 810 in feed mixtures on slaughter, haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 18(3), 490–498. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66423/2009Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J. & Harrison, L. R. (1999). Avian medicine: principles and application. Delray Beach, Hbd International.Sartowska, K. E., Korwin-Kossakowska, A. & Sender, G. (2015). Genetically modified crops in a 10-generation feeding trial on Japanese quails. Evaluation of its influence on birds’ performance and body composition. Poultry Science, 94(12), 2909–2916. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev271Scholtz, N. D. et al. (2010). Effects of an active immunization on the immune response of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed with or without genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis-maize. Poultry Science, 89(6), 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00678Snell, C. et al. (2012). Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: a literature review. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 50(3–4), 1134–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.048Stevens, L. (1996). Avian Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511525773Swiatkiewicz, S. et al. (2014). Genetically modified feeds and their effect on the metabolic parameters of food-producing animals: A review of recent studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 198, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.009Szymczyk, B. et al. (2018). Results of a 16-week Safety Assurance Study with Rats Fed Genetically Modified Bt Maize: Effect on Growth and Health Parameters. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(4), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0060Volosyanko, O. V., Kurylo, V. I. & Kravchuk, M. Y. (2019). Assessment of biological safety: A social and legal aspect. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(3), 227–230. https://doi.org/10.15421/2019_83Yalçin, E. et al. (2018). Effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) maize on oxidative stress parameters in New Zealand rabbit. Global NEST Journal, 20(1), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002367Zhang, S., Ao, X. & Kim, I. H. (2019). Effects of non-genetically and genetically modified organism (maize-soybean) diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass weight, and meat quality of broiler chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(6), 849–855. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.072
Influence of estrus on changes of locomotion activity and rumination time in cattle dams
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-15 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.127-130The study is focused on the evaluation of the changes in locomotion activity and rumination time in heifers and dairy cows of Holstein breed during estrus. We analysed the locomotion activity and rumination time using the Heatime RuminAct device on 110 dams (78 dairy cows and 32 heifers). We evaluated a total of 298 estrus cycles during the reference period of 3 days before estrus, 3 days after estrus and on the day of the estrus occurrence. The locomotion of cows was expressed in units of locomotion activity in 24 hours (u.24h-1). Rumination time was expressed in minutes in 24 hours (min.24h-1). Based on the results of the study, we established that during estrus, the locomotion activity of dams increases to 888 u 24 h-1 (P <0.001), which represents an increase of +305 u.24 h-1 (+38%). Rumination time of dams was considerably affected by estrus as well and decreased from 582 min.24 h-1 (1 day before estrus) to 482 min.24-1 in estrus time (-43 min.24 h-1).Key words: cattle dams, estrus, locomotion activity, rumination time, Heatime RuminAct ReferencesAdin, G., et al. (2008). Heat production, eating behaviour and milk yield of lactating cows fed two rations differing in roughage content and digestibility under heat load conditions. Livestock Science, 19, 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.012Arney, D.R. & Kitwood, S.E. & Phillips, C.J.C. (1994). The increase in activity during oestrus in dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 40, 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90062-0Brehme, U. et al. (2006). ALT pedometer- A new sensor-aided measurement system for improvement in oestrus detection. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 52, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.08.014De Silva, A. et al. (1981). Interrelationships with estrus behaviour and conception in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 64, 2409-2418. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(81)82864-0Firk, R. et al. (2002). Systematic effects on activity, milk yield, milk flow rate and electrical conductivity. Archiv fur Tierzucht, 45, 213-222. 10.5194/aab-45-213-2002Forde, N. et al. (2011). Oestrous cycles in Bos taurus cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 124, 163-169. 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.025 Hurnik, J. & King, G. & Robertson, H. (1975). Estrus and related behaviour in postpartum Holstein cows. Applied Animal Ethology, 2, 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(75)90065-6Lukas, J. & Reneau, J. & Linn, J. (2008). Water intake and dry mater intake changes as a feeding management tool and indicator of health and estrus status in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 3385-3394. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0926Madureira, A.M.L. et al. (2013). Factors affecting expression of estrus of lactating dairy cows using activity monitors. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 600–601. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9672Maltz, E. et al. (1997). The body weight of dairy cows. Introductory study into body weight changes in dairy cows as a management aid. Livest. Prod. Sci. 48, 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00024-9Mičiaková, M. et al. (2018). Several methods of estrus detection in cattle dams: a review. Acta Universitatis Agriculture et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 66, 619-625 10.11118/actaun201866020619Phillips, C.J.C. and Schofield, S.A. (1990). The effects of environment and stage of the oestrous cycle on the behaviour of dairy cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 27, 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(90)90004-WReith, S. and Hoy, S. (2012a). Automatic monitoring of rumination time for oestrus detection in dairy cattle. International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Valencia, Spain, July 8-12, C0621.Reith, S. and Hoy, S. (2012b). Relationship between daily rumination time and estrus of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 1-2. 10.3168/jds.2012-5316 Reith, S. et al. (2014a). Influence of estrus on dry matter intake, water intake and BW of dairy cows. Animal, 8, 748-753. 10.1017/S1751731114000494 Reith, S. & Brandt, H. & Hoy, S. (2014b). Simultaneous analysis of activity and rumination time, based on collar-mounted sensor technology, of dairy cows over the peri-estrus period. Livestock Science, 170, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.10.013Roelofs, J.B et al. (2005). Pedometer readings for estrus detection and as predictor for time of ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 64, 1690-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.004Rorie, R.W. & Bilby, T.R. & Lester, T.D. (2002). Application of electronic estrus detection technologies to reproductive management of cattle. Theriogenology, 57, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00663-XSchirmann, K. et al. (2009). Technical note: Validation of a system for monitoring rumination in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 6052-6055. 10.3168/jds.2009-2361Schirmann, K. et al. (2012). Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behaviour in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 95, 3212-3217. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4741Yániz, J.L. et al. (2006). Factors affecting walking activity at estrus during postpartum period and subsequent fertility in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 66, 1943-1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.01
Influence of the breeding environment factors on the number of the weaned piglets
Full text linkArticle Details: Received: 2020-10-22 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.131-134A prerequisite for the successful pig breeding isthe achievement of high reproductive performance, which can be influenced by several environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of our research was to assess the impact of the season, microclimatic indicators and technology of housing of the lactating sows on the number of the weaned piglets in the litter. The experiment was performed on a production farm in Slovakia and a total of 800 litters were evaluated. The results have shown that the season had a statistically significant effect on the number of the weaned piglets (p<0.01), least in the summer and most of them in the fall. The highest number of the weaned piglets was found at the temperatures from 18 to 22 °C (p<0.05), temperatures outside the stated range had a negative impact on the number of the weaned piglets. An increase of the relative humidity - above 70% (p<0.05) and an increase in the flow - above 0,4 m.s-1 (p<0.05) led to a decrease in the number of the weaned piglets. In the housing with a freemovement of the lactating sows, the number of the weaned piglets was higher than with the restricted movement (p<0.05).Keywords: microclimate, technology, weaned pigletsReferencesBoudný, J. & Špička, J. (2012). The effect of production efficiency on economic results in pig breeding. Res. Pig Breeding, 6(1), 1-8.Close, W. (1992). Thermoregulation in piglets: Environmental and metabolic consequences. BSAP Occasional Publication,15, 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263967X00004067English, P. R. & Edwards, S. A. (1996). Management of the nursing sow and her litter. In Dunkin A. C. & Taverner, M. (eds.). Pig Production. World Animal Science (Vol. C10). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier (pp. 113-140).Holmes, C. W. & Mount, L. E. (1967). Heat loss from groups of growing pigs under various conditions of environmental temperature and air movement. J. Anim. Prod., 9, 435-452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100042008Horký, P. (2014). Influence of increased dietary selenium on glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione concentration in erythrocytes of lactating sows. Ann. Anim. Scie., 14(4), 869-882. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0056Matoušek, V. et al. (2013). Livestock breeding II. České Budějovice : JU ZF. In Czech.Myer, R. & Bucklin, R. (2018). Influence of hot-humid environment on growth performance and reproduction of swine. AN107: UF/IFAS Extension, 1-6.Nevrkla, P. et al. (2016). analysis of reproductive parameters in sows with regard to their health status. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 64, 481-486.https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020481.Novák, P. & Rožňovský, J. (2009). Influence of microclimate on the pig performance. In Current knowledge about the pig breeding: proceedings from the International Scientific Conference 41 held on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of MZLU in Brno. Brno: MZLU (pp. 45-48). In Czech.Prunier, A. et al. (1996). Environmental and seasonal influences on the return-to-oestrus after weaning in primiparous sows. Livestock Production Science, 45, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(96)00007-3Rodrígues, S. V., Plà, L. M. & Albornoz, V. M. (2012). Modeling tactical planning decisions through a linear optimization model in sow farms. Livest. Sci., 143(2-3), 162-171.Rolinec, M. (2020). The Effect of coconut oil addition to feed of pigs on rectal microbial diversity and bacterial abundance. Animals (Basel), 10(10), E1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101764Rozkot, M. (2014). Pigs technology and the public. Náš chov, 74(10), 63-66. In Czech.Sällvik, K. & Walberg, K. (1984). The effects of air velocity and temperature on the behaviour and growth of pigs. J. of Agricultural Engineering. Research, 30, 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8634(84)80031-1Silva, B. A. N. et al. (2006). Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer. Livest. Sci., 105, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.06.007Suriyasomboon, A. et al. (2006). Effect of temperature and humidity on reproductive performance of crossbred sows in Thailand. Theriogenology, 65, 606-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.005Vanerhaeghe, C. et al. (2010). Longitudinal field study to assess sow level risk factors associated with stillborn piglets. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 120(1-4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.02.010Wegner, K. et al. (2014). Climatic effects on sow fertility and piglet survival under influence of a moderate climate. Animal, 8(9), 1526-1533. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114001219
Nutritional indicators in the technological process of sausage processing
Full text linkReceived: 2020-09-29 Accepted: 2021-02-08 Available online: 2021-02-28https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-apa.15-20According to biological and nutritional value, meat and meat products are among the most important components of humannutrition. The risk of meat contamination is a great concern from the point of view of food safety, and especially human health. Theaim of this study was the determination of nutritional values in meat samples of fresh and smoked sausage. From a technologicalpoint of view, the water content was the highest in meat samples and continually decreased in the samples that underwentprocessing. The water content of the meat samples was 68.2%. In the samples of unsmoked and smoked sausages, the measuredvalues were slightly lower. In the samples of unsmoked sausages, the water content was 63.1%. As the water content decreased,the fat content of the sausages increased. The protein content has not changed significantly in the production process. In the meatthe value of proteins was 19.07 g 100 g-1 and in the samples of smoked sausages the result was 18.78 g 100 g-1. The content ofessential fatty acids was the highest in meat samples. This value decreased in unsmoked as well as smoked sausages. Cholesterollevels were rising over the course of the experiment. Results of this study clearly show difference in technological parametersrelated to technological process.Keywords: meat, sausage, technological process, nutritional indicatorsReferencesAngelovičová, M. et al. (2016). Comparison of fatty acid profile in the chicken meat after feeding with narasin, nicarbazin andsalinomycin sodium and phyto-additive substances. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 51(6), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1142320ČUBOŇ, J. et al. (2012). Hodnotenie surovín a potravín živočíšneho pôvodu. Nitra : Slovak University of Agriculture, 381 p.ČUBOŇ, J. et al. 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