3,098 research outputs found
Identification of an estrogen-regulated circadian mechanism necessary for breast acinar morphogenesis
No full textAltered estrogen receptor α (ERA) signaling and altered circadian rhythms are both features of breast cancer. By using a method to entrain circadian oscillations in human cultured cells, we recently reported that the expression of key clock genes oscillates in a circadian fashion in ERA-positive breast epithelial cells but not in breast cancer cells, regardless of their ERA status. Moreover, we reported that ERA mRNA oscillates in a circadian fashion in ERA-positive breast epithelial cells, but not in ERA-positive breast cancer cells. By using ERA-positive HME1 breast epithelial cells, which can be both entrained in vitro and can form mammary gland-like acinar structures in three-dimensional (3D) culture, first we identified a circuit encompassing ERA and an estrogen-regulated loop consisting of two circadian clock genes, PER2 and BMAL1. Further, we demonstrated that this estrogen-regulated circuit is necessary for breast epithelial acinar morphogenesis. Disruption of this circuit due to ERA-knockdown, negatively affects the estrogen-sustained circadian PER2-BMAL1 mechanism as well as the formation of 3D HME1 acini. Conversely, knockdown of either PER2 or BMAL1, by hampering the PER2-BMAL1 loop of the circadian clock, negatively affects ERA circadian oscillations and 3D breast acinar morphogenesis. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the implication of an ERA-circadian clock mechanism in the breast acinar morphogenetic process
Correlation analysis of geomagnetic parameters due to hemispheric asymmetry / Norhaliyati Norul 'Azmi
No full textThe SERC, Kyushu University was deploying MAGDAS in the CPMN region. MAGDAS can be defined as MAGnetic Data Acquisition System which monitors global electromagnetic and plasma environment change in geospace. The correlation analysis of geomagnetic parameters due to hemispheric asymmetry was discussed in this paper. In this project, the MAGDAS data is used to determine the geomagnetic disturbances at three different stations where at Manado, Indonesia (1.44'N, 128.84'E) for equatorial region, Cooktown, Australia (15.48'S, 145.25"E) for Southern region, and Amami-Oh-Shima, Japan (28.17°N, 129.33°E) for Northern region. To distinguish the amplitude variations at these stations, four geomagnetic parameters were considered which H, D, Z, and F components. Three different months were deliberated for Manado, Cooktown, and Amami-Oh-Shima on March, April, and January, respectively. The MAGDAS data was simulated by using MATLAB GUI and from this project; the H component at all regions is shows the earth's activities most affected by and the largest effects are at the equatorial part, Manado, Indonesia
Zeatin accumulation and misexpression of a class I knox gene are intimately linked in the epiphyllous response of the interspecific hybrid EMB-2 (Helianthus annuus · H. tuberosus)
No full textEpiphylly, occurring in a somaclonal variant
(EMB-2) of the interspecific hybrid Helianthus annuus
· H. tuberosus, was used to investigate molecular and
cyto-physiological mechanisms that underlie cellular fate
change. EMB-2 plants are characterized by profuse
proliferation of shoot- and embryo-like structures on
some leaves. We addressed the putative relationship
between cytokinins and knox genes in EMB-2 plants. A
class I knox gene, HtKNOT1, was isolated from H. tuberosus.
A high level of HtKNOT1 transcripts was detected
in EMB-2 epiphyllous leaves compared to nonepiphyllous
(NEP) ones. In addition, epiphylly was related
to a localized increases in zeatin and N-glycosylated
cytokinins. As ectopic morphogenesis proceeded,
HtKNOT1 transcripts and zeatin co-localized and
showed different patterns in ectopic shoot compared
with embryo-like structures, consistent with the differential
role of both cytokinin and knox genes in the two
morphogenetic events. Notably, a massive shoot/embryo
regeneration was induced in EMB-2 NEP leaves by
in vitro zeatin treatment. These results clearly indicate
that localized cytokinin accumulation and ectopic
expression of HtKNOT1 are closely linked in the epiphylly
of EMB-2 plants
Latok (caulerpa lentillifera) and shiitake mushroom (lentinula edodes) as functional food flavor in food preparation / Nurasma Husna Saipol Azmi
No full textThis study focuses on natural food flavors containing umami compounds. Latok and shiitake mushrooms were used to create a natural functional food flavor with glutamic acid, a potent amino acid contributing to umami taste. The chemical content of latok and shiitake was determined, showing a crude extract yield of 33.55% for latok and 42.65% for shiitake from 40-gram dry samples using maceration extraction. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (O–H), carboxylic acid (C=O), amine (N–H), and alkane (C–H) groups of glutamic acid in the extract. ICP-OES analysis data indicated that the latok-shiitake extract's heavy metal content complied with permissible limits of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. HPLC analysis revealed slightly higher glutamic acid concentrations in latok (229.78±73.49 ppm) compared to shiitake (206.45±30.82 ppm), and the combination of latok-shiitake containing 210.61±10.48 ppm. Lashi, a new powdered food flavor, was prepared using a dry-grind method. To evaluate the functionality of Lashi, the sensory was conducted with 20 respondents, showing that Lashi was 100% accepted as a new food flavor, with positive feedback on its odor. 66.7% of males and 90.9% of females found Lashi to have a meaty taste, and both males and females found its salty and slightly savory tastes acceptable. The newly functional latok-shiitake flavor received positive sensory responses for salty, savory, and meaty tastes, offering a natural salty taste while maintaining healthy organic food flavoring in food preparation, making it a healthier alternative to commercial flavorings
Penggunaan Layanan Dasar Bimbingan Klasikal Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Cinta Passionate Yang Bersifat Dating Violence Pada Remaja Kelas IX Di SMP N 2 Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
No full textABSTRAK
FIDHAYANTI, AZMI. 2019. “Penggunaan Layanan Dasar Bimbingan Klasikal Dalam Upaya Mengurangi Cinta Passionate Yang Bersifat Dating Violence Pada Remaja Kelas IX Di SMP N 2 Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020”. Skripsi. Bimbingan dan Konseling. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Pancasakti Tegal.
Pembimbing I : Dr. H. Suriswo, M.Pd
Pembimbing II : Sesya Dias Mumpuni, M.Pd
Kata Kunci : Cinta Remaja, Mixed Methods dan POP BK
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: 1) tingkat cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence (kekerasan dalam pacaran) sebelum layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal pada remaja, 2) tingkat cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence (kekerasan dalam pacaran) sesudah layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal pada remaja, 3) layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal apakah efektif dalam upaya mengurangi cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence (kekerasan dalam pacaran) pada remaja kelas IX SMP N 2 Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Mixed Methods (campuran mencakup fitur kualitatif dan kuantitatif), jenis penelitian Mixed Methods dengan desain sequential explanatory. Populasi 200 peserta didik, dan sampel 30 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan skala dan wawancara. Uji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment dan uji reliabilitas dengan rumus Spearman Brown. Analisis data kuantitatif terdiri dari statistik deskriptif dan statistik Uji-t (pre-test and post-test one group), dan analisis kualitatif menggunakan triangulasi sumber.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Tingkat cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence sebelum layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal pada remaja kelas IX SMP N 2 Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 mayoritas dalam kategori tinggi (36,67%) pada interval 123-130 sebanyak 11 responden. 2) Tingkat cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence sesudah layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal pada remaja kelas IX mayoritas dalam kategori cukup (43,33%) pada interval 139-146 sebanyak 13 responden, dan 3) Layanan dasar bimbingan klasikal dalam mengurangi cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence pada remaja kelas IX SMP N 2 Lebaksiu Kabupaten Tegal Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Terbukti dari hasil analisis uji-t (pre-test and post-test one group) diperoleh thitung = 5,080 lebih besar dari ttabel = 2,042, artinya Ha diterima.
Diharapkan guru pembimbing, hasil penelitian dapat menjadi pemahaman dan pencegahan untuk mengatasi terjadinya kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang negatif atas apa yang dilakukan peserta didik supaya menjadi positif, dan untuk menjadi sumber data mengetahui yang mengalami cinta passionate yang bersifat dating violence
PENARIKAN HARTA WAKAF MENURUT PENDAPAT EMPAT MADZHAB DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF Naelul azmi, 1752144022
No full textABSTRAK
Tesis dengan judul “Penarikan Harta Wakaf Menurut Pendapat Empat Madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf” ini ditulis oleh Naelul Azmi dengan dibimbing oleh Dr. H. M. Saifudin Zuhri M.Ag. dan Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Kata Kunci: Penarikan, Harta Wakaf, Pendapat Empat Madzhab, Undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004.
Penelitian dalam tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Bahwa wakaf di Indonesia merupakan persoalan klasik yang sampai saat ini belum tuntas dan belum selesai seratus persen, walaupun perangkat peraturan perundangannya telah cukup banyak dan menjanjikan. Kasus-kasus menguapnya sejumlah harta wakaf di berbagai daerah di hampir seluruh Indonesia khususnya kasus penarikan kembali harta wakaf, membuktikan bahwa di sana masih banyak masalah yang harus segera dipecahkan.
Focus masalah dalam tesis ini diantaranya adalah, 1. Bagaimana pendapat empat Madzhab tentang hukum penarikan harta wakaf? 2. Bagaimana penjelasan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf dalam hal penarikan harta wakaf? 3. Bagaimana komparasi penarikan harta wakaf menurut empat madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research yang berarti suatu research kepustakaan atau penelitian kepustakaan murni. diantara data primernya adalah : Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm, al-Muatha’, fiqh al-Akbar, dan Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf. Sedangkan data skundernya adalah literatur lainnya yang relevan dengan judul tesis ini. Pendekatan penelitiannya adalah metode deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dalam penarikan harta wakaf ada sedikit perbedaan diantara pendapat empat Madzhab diantaranya: (a) Pendapat Imam Hanafi tidak diperbolehkan bagi wakif untuk menarik harta wakaf. (b) Pendapat Imam Maliki, kepemilikan menurut adzhab Maliki masih berada di tangan si pemberi. karena mengandung maksud bahwa orang yang diberi wakaf ibarat seorang hamba yang melayani tuannya hingga meniggal. Sehingga harta wakaf yang telah diberikan kepada penerima wakaf bias ditarik kembali oleh wakif. (c) Pendapat madzhab Syafi’I, menurut madzhab Syafi’I bahwa harta yang di wakafkan terlepas dari si wakif dan menjadi milik Allah, Akibatnya adalah bahwa benda yang telah diwakafkan tidak boleh ditarik kembali. (d) Pendapat madzhab Hambali, kepemilikan Harta Wakaf menurut pendapat Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal bahwa kepemilikan harta wakaf berpindah kepada orang yang diwakafi.
Sehingga wakif tidak bias menarik harta yang telah diwakafkannya. (2) Undang – undang no 41 tahun 2004 tidak mengantur secara detail (jelas) tentang penarikan kembali harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan. Undang – Undang no 41 Tahun 2004 disebutkan, harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan dilarang: Dijadikan jaminan, disita, dihibahkan, dijual, diwariskan, ditukar, dan dialihkan dalam bentuk pengalihan.(3) pembahasan terkait penarikan harta wakaf ada perbedaan di masing-masing madzhab, imam hanafi yang membolehkan penarikan harta wakaf, imam malik yang boleh ditarik harta wakafnya ketika sudah habis jangka waktunya, imam syafi’i dan hambali yang sama sekali tidak boleh, karena kehati-hatian imam syafi’i dalam memutuskan ijtihadnya. sedangkan dalam undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004 tidak disebutkan secara jelas terkait pelarangan penarikan harta wakaf. Oleh karena itu menurut penulis hendaknya dibuat Peraturan Pemerintah atau mengamandemen Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004
ABSTRACT
Thesis titled "Withdrawal of Assets Endowments According Opinions of four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf" was written by Naelul Azmi guided by Dr. H. M. Saifuddin Zuhri M.Ag. and Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Keywords: Withdrawal, Treasure Endowments, Opinion of Four Schools, Law No. 41 of 2004.
The research in this thesis is motivated by that endowment in Indonesia is a classic issue that until now and it has one hundred percents not completed yet, although the regulation of its laws has been quite a lot and promised. Cases of evaporation of a Treasure Endowments in various areas in almost all of Indonesia, especially the case of the withdrawal of Treasure Endowments, proving that there are still many problems that must be solved.
Focus problem in this thesis include: 1. What is the opinion about withdrawal of four wakaf property by four schools? 2. What is the explanation of Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf in the withdrawal of wakaf property? 3. How comparative withdrawal Treasure Endowments according to the four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf?
The method which used in this study is a research library which means a research literature or pure literature research. The primary datas of this research are: Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm al-Muatha ', Fiqh al-Akbar, and Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf. The sekunder datas are other literature relevant to the title of this thesis. The Research approach that used is descriptive analysis method.
The results showed that (1) In the withdrawal of wakaf property there is little difference among the four schools: (a) Opinion of Imam Hanafi is not permissible for wakif to attract wakaf property. (b) Opinion of Imam Maliki, according school of Maliki the ownership of wakaf property is still in the hands of the giver. because they mean that people who were given endowments like a slave who serves his master to die. So that the wakaf property had been given to the recipient endowments can withdrawn by wakif. (c) Opinion Shafi'i schools, according to the Shafi'i schools that treasure which be endowments is regardless of the wakif and belong to God, The result is that the object has been endowment should not be withdrawn. (d) Opinion schools Hambali, Treasure ownership of endowments in the opinion of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal that endowment property ownership is transferred to the person who receive the endowments. Wakif can not withdrawn the property that used be the endowments. (2) The laws No. 41 of 2004 does not manage obviously about withdrawal of property that has been being
the wakaf. The laws No. 41 of 2004 mentioned that property which is already be the wakaf is prohibited: Used as collateral, seized, assigned, sold, inherited, exchanged and transferred in the form of diversion. (3) The discussion about the withdrawal of wakaf property, there were differences in each schools, Imam Hanafi allowed withdrawal of wakaf property, Imam Malik allowed withdrawal wakaf property when it expired, Syafi'i and Hanbali that absolutely should not be, because of Imam Syafi’i’s prudence on establishing his interpretations. whereas in the law No. 41 of 2004 is not explicitly to mention the prohibition of withdrawal of wakaf property. Therefore, according to the author should be made the government regulation or amend Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf.
الملخص
الرسالة تحت الموضوع " أخذ مال الوقف عند المذاهب الأربعة وعند
الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف " الباحث : نيل العزم المرشد :
د. الحاج محمد سيف الدين الزهري المرشد : د. الحاج أحمد مهتدي أنصاري.
الكلمات المهمات : الاخذ ، مال الوقف ، رأي المذاهب الأربعة ، دستور
حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤
هذا البحث يأخذ من أن هناك مسألة قديمية في اندونيسيا عن الوقف التي
لم تحل حلها حتى الآن ولو كان هناك دستورا كثيرا يتكلم عنها. مسائل الوقف
التي تتوقع في أي مكان في اندونيسيا و خصوصا المسئلة عن أخذ مال
الوقف.هذه الرسالة تبحث عن : ١. ما آراء المذاهب الأربعة عن حكم أخذ مال
الوقف ؟ ٢. ما بيان دستور حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف ؟ ٣ .
ما مبادلة حكم مال أخذمال الوقف بين أراء المذاهب الأربعة و دستور حكمي رقم
٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف ؟
المنهج العلمي في هذا البحث المنهج المكتبي يعني المنهج بالكتب
الخالصة. منها كتاب المسند للإمام ابن حنبل والأم و كتاب الموطاء و الفقه الأكبر
و الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف و غيرها من الكتب التي تتكلم
عن الوقف.
يحصل من هذا البحث بعض النتائج : ١ . اختلاف آراء المذاهب الأربعة
عن أخذ مال الوقف أ. عند الحنفية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف.
ب. عند المالكية يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن التمليك في مال
الوقف في يد المعطي و لأن من الذي يعطى مال الوقف كالعبد يخدم سيده حتى
مات. ج. عند الشافعية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن المال
الموقوف ليس ملكا للواقف ولكن لله. د. عند الحنابلة لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب
أخذ مال الوقف لأن التملك في مال الوقف ينقل من الواقف إلي من وقف. ٢. لا
يشرح الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف.و فيه يبين أن
المال الموقوف ممنوع تصرفاته في الرهن والهبة والبيع والارث والمبادلة
وغيرها. ٣ . المبادلة بين آراء المذاهب الأربعة و الدستور الحكمي أن المذاهب
الأربعة إلا المالكية يمنعون عن أخذ مال الوقف ومع أن الدستور الحكمي لا
يشرح عنه قط.ومن هذه المبادلة ينبغي للحكومة عند الباحث ان يضع دستورا
جديدا أو يغير الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف
N-(4-Chlorobutanoyl)-N′-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)thiourea
No full textThe title molecule, C13H17ClN2O3S, shows an anti and syn disposition of the butanoyl and 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl groups with respect to the thione and is stabilized by intramolecular N—H...O and weak C—H...S hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H...O and C—H...S contacts
Small nerve fiber damage and Langerhans cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and LADA measured by corneal confocal microscopy
No full textPurpose: Increased corneal and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) have been reported in patients with diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to quantify the density of LCs in relation to corneal nerve morphology and the presence of diabetic neuropathy and to determine if this differed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Methods: Patients with T1DM (n = 25), T2DM (n = 36), or LADA (n = 23) and control subjects (n = 23) underwent detailed assessment of peripheral neuropathy and corneal confocal microscopy. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), length (CNFL) and total, immature and mature LC densities were quantified. Results: Lower CNFD (P < 0.001), CNBD (P < 0.0001), and CNFL (P < 0.0001) and higher LC density (P = 0.03) were detected in patients with T1DM, T2DM, and LADA compared to controls. CNBD was inversely correlated with mature (r = -0.5; P = 0.008), immature (r = -0.4; P = 0.02) and total (r = -0.5; P = 0.01) LC density, and CNFL was inversely correlated with immature LC density (r = -0.4; P = 0.03) in patients with T1DM but not in patients with T2DM and LADA. Conclusions: This study shows significant corneal nerve loss and an increase in LC density in patients with T1DM, T2DM, and LADA. Furthermore, increased LC density correlated with corneal nerve loss in patients with T1DM
IMPLEMENTAS I NILAI-NILAI HIJRAH DALAM HIJRAH COMMUNITY PEKANBARU: STUDI LIVING QUR’AN
No full textBSTRAK
Skrips i ini me mba ha s te nta ng Imple me nta s i N ilai- nilai Hij rah dalam Hijrah
Communit y Peka nbaru: St ud i Living Q ur’an. Al-Q ur’a n ada la h s umber petunjuk
bagi manusia. Hijra h da lam Al-Qur'a n dapat diartika n de ngan be rp inda h. Hij ra h
terdapa tpadasa la hsatu s urah Al- Qur ’a n ya ituQS.Al-Baqaraha yat218 ya ngart inya :
“Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang beriman, orang -orang yang berh ijrah dan
berjihad di j alan Allah, mereka itu mengharapkan rahmat Allah, dan Allah Maha
Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.” Saat ini banyak ko munitas ya ng
mengka mpa nyeka n te ntang hijra h, ba nya k cara pa nda ng ya ng ke liru b a hwa hij rah
ha nya dia rt ikan sebatas peruba han pada pena mpila n. Tujua n penelitia n ini adala h
untuk me nge ta hui baga imana Pe ma ha ma n Hij rah me nurut a nggota Hijrah
Community Pek anbaru serta mengetahui nilai- nilai hijra h ya ng te rdapat pada Hijrah
Community Pek anbaru dan ba gaima na nilai-nilai hijra h te rseb ut d iterapkan da lam
kehidupa n seha ri- hari. Pene lit ia n ini merupaka n pene litian k ua litat if denga n be nt uk
pendeka ta n fenomenologi. Data d ipe role h dari ha s il wawa nc ara, observa s i, da n
dokumentas i. Has il pe ne litian me nyimpulka n bahwa Anggota komunitas Hijrah
Community Pek anbaru me mahami hijra h me mang d ia wa li dari per uba han cara
berpaka ia n na mun juga denga n peruba ha n perila k u da n mena mba h pe ngeta hua n
agama. Sedangka n nila i- nilai hijra h ya ng diterapkan oleh a nggo ta Hijrah Community
Pek anbaruia lah tindakan yangd ida mp ingide nga nper ubahankeara h ya ng lebihbaik
setiap har inyade nga ncara turut berpartis ipas ida la mk e gia ta nkajia n rutinkea ga maan
seperti k aj ian hadits bersa ma Ustadz Prof. H. Abdul So mad, Lc. , D. E.S.A., P h. D,
Ustad z Dr. Zulhendri Ra is, Lc., MA j uga melakuka n kegiata n bakti sosia l sepe rti
mendistribus ika n be ras, pengga langa n da na , da n me njalin s ilatura hmi sesama
anggota.
KataKunci: Hijrah, Komunitas, Perubahan
Real-time and intelligent flood forecasting using UAV-assisted wireless sensor network
No full textThe Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology that could be used to monitor rivers' water levels for early warning flood detection in the 5G context. However, during a flood, sensor nodes may be washed up or become faulty, which seriously affects network connectivity. To address this issue, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be integrated with WSN as routers or data mules to provide reliable data collection and flood prediction. In light of this, we propose a fault-tolerant multi-level framework comprised of a WSN and a UAV to monitor river levels. The framework is capable to provide seamless data collection by handling the disconnections caused by the failed nodes during a flood. Besides, an algorithm hybridized with Group Method Data Handling (GMDH) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to predict forthcoming floods in an intelligent collaborative environment. The proposed water-level prediction model is trained based on the real dataset obtained from the Selangor River in Malaysia. The performance of the work in comparison with other models has been also evaluated and numerical results based on different metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and BIAS are provided
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