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Waarom zou je (nú) lezen? /
No full textBijdragen van een wetenschappelijk congres over de betekenis, functie en het belang van lezen en literatuur in de huidige samenleving. Ook is er aandacht voor het digitale lezen.Bijdragen van een wetenschappelijk congres over de betekenis, functie en het belang van lezen en literatuur in de huidige samenleving. Ook is er aandacht voor het digitale lezen. Met enige zwart-witillustraties. Voor vakcollecties jeugdliteratuur.Weerslag van de bijdragen aan het congres "Waarom zou je (nú) lezen?", georganiseerd door Stichting Lezen, Amsterdam 2010.Met lit. opg.Bijdragen van een wetenschappelijk congres over de betekenis, functie en het belang van lezen en literatuur in de huidige samenleving. Ook is er aandacht voor het digitale lezen.Bijdragen van een wetenschappelijk congres over de betekenis, functie en het belang van lezen en literatuur in de huidige samenleving. Ook is er aandacht voor het digitale lezen. Met enige zwart-witillustraties. Voor vakcollecties jeugdliteratuur.Mottart, Andr
En sekventiell analys av "nú" och "núna" i isländska samtal
Full text linkThis thesis is an empirical study of how two words in Icelandic, "nú" and "núna", are used in contemporary Icelandic conversation. My aims in this study are, first, to explain the differences between the temporal functions of "nú" and "núna", and, second, to describe the non-temporal functions of "nú". In the analysis, a focus is placed on comparing the sequential placement of the two words, on their syntactical distribution, and on their prosodic realization.
The empirical data comprise 14 hours and 11 minutes of naturally occurring conversation recorded between 1996 and 2003. The selected conversations represent a wide range of interactional contexts including informal dinner parties, institutional and non-institutional telephone conversations, radio programs for teenagers, phone-in programs, and, finally, a political debate on television. The theoretical and methodological framework is interactional linguistics, which can be described as linguistically oriented conversation analysis (CA).
A comparison of "nú" and "núna" shows that the two words have different syntactic distributions. "Nú" has a clear tendency to occur in the front field, before the finite verb, while "núna" typically occurs in the end field, after the object. It is argued that this syntactic difference reflects a functional difference between "nú" and "núna". A sequential analysis of "núna" shows that the word refers to an unspecified period of time which includes the utterance time as well as some time in the past and in the future. This temporal relation is referred to as reference time. "Nú", by contrast, is mainly used in three different environments: a) in temporal comparisons, 2) in transitions, and 3) when the speaker is taking an affective stance.
The non-temporal functions of "nú" are divided into three categories: a) "nú" as a tone particle, 2) "nú" as an utterance particle, and 3) "nú" as a dialogue particle.
"Nú" as a tone particle is syntactically integrated and can occur in two syntactic positions: pre-verbally and post-verbally. I argue that these instances are employed in utterances in which a speaker is foregrounding information or marking it as particularly important. The study shows that, although these instances are typically prosodically non-prominent and unstressed, they are in some cases delivered with stress and with a higher pitch than the surrounding talk.
"Nú" as an utterance particle occurs turn-initially and is syntactically non-integrated. By using "nú", speakers show continuity between turns and link new turns to prior ones. These instances initiate either continuations by the same speaker or new turns after speaker shifts.
"Nú" as a dialogue particle occurs as a turn of its own. The study shows that these instances register informings in prior turns as unexpected or as a departure from the normal state of affairs. "Nú" as a dialogue particle is often delivered with a prolonged vowel and a recognizable intonation contour. A comparative sequential and prosodic analysis shows that in these cases there is a correlation between the function of "nú" and the intonation contour by which it is delivered.
Finally, I argue that despite the many functions of "nú", all the instances can be said to have a common denominator, which is to display attention towards the present moment and the utterances which are produced prior or after the production of "nú". Instead of anchoring the utterances in external time or reference time, these instances position the utterance in discourse internal time, or discourse time.I avhandlingen undersöks bruket av orden "nú" och "núna" i isländska samtal. Både "nú" och "núna" kan användas i temporal funktion. I dessa fall kan bägge orden översättas till svenska med ordet "nu". Liksom "nu" i svenskan har isländskans "nú" utöver den temporala funktionen också en rad icke-temporala funktioner. Syftet med avhandlingen är därför tudelat: dels att beskriva betydelse- och funktionsnyanserna mellan "nú" och "núna", dels att beskriva i vilka kontexter det icke-temporala nú förekommer.
Studiens teoretiska och metodologiska referensram är interaktionell lingvistik. Inom interaktionell lingvistik baseras all analys på autentisk interaktion, det vill säga naturligt uppkomna samtal som inte har arrangerats av forskaren. Via noggrann analys av enskilda samtalsutdrag där "nú" eller "núna" ingår identifieras mönster i interaktionen som sedan beskrivs och analyseras ur ett interaktionellt och deltagarorienterat perspektiv.
Studien bygger på totalt 14 timmar och 11 minuter inspelade autentiska samtal. För att materialet ska avspegla ett så varierat språkbruk som möjligt ingår flera olika typer av samtal: vardagliga gruppsamtal, vardagliga och institutionella telefonsamtal, radiosamtal bland ungdomar, uppringningsprogram på radio samt en valdebatt på teve. Transkriptionen utgår från de samtalsanalytiska principer som ursprungligen utvecklades för sociologiska studier av engelskt samtalsspråk. Transkriberingen har utförts av författaren.
I det första empiriska kapitlet diskuteras "nú" och "núnas" temporala funktioner. En frekvensanalys av samtliga belägg visar en tydlig skillnad i "nú" och "núna:s" syntaktiska distribution. I avhandligen argumenteras för att denna skillnad återspeglar en funktionell skillnad mellan de två orden. Medan "núna" förankrar yttrandet till en extern tidsperiod används "nú" i temporala jämförelser (nu vs. då) samt för att markera övergångar och/eller engagemang.
De icke-temporala funktionerna hos "nú" behandlas i tre separata kapitel: "nú" som tonpartikel, "nú" som yttrandepartikel och "nú" som dialogpartikel. "Nú" som tonpartikel förekommer i yttranden där talaren framhäver särskilt viktig information. Partikeln uppträder då ofta i argumenterade sekvenser. "Nú" som yttrandepartikel används däremot mellan turer då talaren visar motparten att en pågående tur ska förstås som en fortsättning eller en respons på en föregående tur. I dessa belägg uttalas "nú" ofta med utdragen vokal och knarr i rösten. "Nú" som dialogpartikel bildar i de flesta fall en egen tur. I dessa belägg registrerar "nú" att informationen i föregående tur är oväntad eller förvånande. Dialogpartikeln "nú" yttras ofta med förlängd vokal och en distinkt intonationskurva. En prosodisk analys av materialet visar att det finns ett samband mellan intonation och respons. En tydligt stigande ton kan t.ex. fungera som ett tecken på att talaren vill ha en förklaring till en föregående tur.
Studien visar sålunda att det finns en gemensam nämnare i bruket av ordet "nú" i isländska trots att det kan ha en rad olika funktioner. Sammanfattningsvis kan man konstatera att "nú" används för att fokusera eller framhäva något viktigt i en tidigare, pågående eller kommande tur. I stället för att förankra det sagda i referenstiden, förankrar "nú" yttrandet i samtalets interna tid, i diskurstiden.ei saavutettav
Nú er lag (frá upphafi til enda)
No full textHvernig verða lög til? Hvernig þróast þau? Í þessu lokaverkefni sem nefnist Nú er lag (frá upphafi til enda) eru fimm íslenskir tónlistarmenn fengnir til að fara yfir lög hjá sér og þróun þeirra. Verkefnið er tvískipt; annars vegar fimm hlaðvarpsþættir með einn viðmælanda í hverjum þætti og svo greinagerð sem tekur verkefnið saman. Í greinagerðinni eru einnig aðrir svipaðir þættir bornir saman við Nú er lag og farið yfir kosti og galla mismunandi aðferða við framleiðslu slíkra þátta. Einnig er komið inn á samanburð íslenskra og erlendra tónlistarmanna við gerð tónlistar
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Nú er lag (frá upphafi til enda)
No full textHvernig verða lög til? Hvernig þróast þau? Í þessu lokaverkefni sem nefnist Nú er lag (frá upphafi til enda) eru fimm íslenskir tónlistarmenn fengnir til að fara yfir lög hjá sér og þróun þeirra. Verkefnið er tvískipt; annars vegar fimm hlaðvarpsþættir með einn viðmælanda í hverjum þætti og svo greinagerð sem tekur verkefnið saman. Í greinagerðinni eru einnig aðrir svipaðir þættir bornir saman við Nú er lag og farið yfir kosti og galla mismunandi aðferða við framleiðslu slíkra þátta. Einnig er komið inn á samanburð íslenskra og erlendra tónlistarmanna við gerð tónlistar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The influence of regional location on the innovation activity of Spanish firms: A logit analysis.
Full text linkThe set of elements which explain the results of the innovation process undertaken by the firms is an ongoing cause of worry for policy makers. In our case, after analyzing how R+D activities and their results are related to regional development, we will examine the factors which influence investigation activities. Among this factors we shall include both those related to the characteristics of the companies as well as government funding of R+D or the effects of the firms' location. In order to do this a logit model will be created in which the endogenous variable will measure whether or not an enterprise has patented an innovative activity. The final objective of the paper is to provide policy makers with a way of evaluating the results of their policies, as well as to examine the effects of other elements in the process. Keywords: R+D, Regional Development, Technological Policy, Patents.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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