17 research outputs found
À quel prix vêt-on la terre ou le vent ? Regards mulongo sur le vêtement dans La Saison de l’ombre de Léonora Miano
No full textComment le vêtement est-il perçu dans La Saison de l’ombre (Léonora Miano, 2013) ? À travers ce référent d’apparence superficielle, le récit nous fait percevoir la profondeur interculturelle des échanges qui se tissent à l’époque de la traite négrière, cette « saison de l’ombre » des sociétés africaines. Les différentes fonctions anthropologiques du vêtement, mises tour à tour en valeur, accompagnent et signifient dans cette fiction le processus historique de réification et d’assignation au fongible de l’homme lui-même. Empathique, le récit nous rend solidaire de la communauté mulongo, victime dès l’ouverture d’un incendie et de disparitions inexplicables. Pour cette communauté, le vêtement, tiré de la forêt, protège comme elle. Toute étoffe, peau ou écorce battue, sert à vêtir, à protéger. Ce vêtement est l’affaire des femmes, volontiers associé à leur parole, à leur travail et signe de leur force que souligne l’auteur par volonté d’hommage. Mais le récit rend également compte de l’étonnement d’un personnage mulongo face à l’art du tissage de ses voisins bwele, et des usages étranges, porteurs de menaces, qui sont chez eux associés à ces tissus, confectionnés par les hommes, vêtant parfois non le corps, mais la terre. Plus loin encore, sur la côte, fin du monde inouïe pour les Mulongo des forêts, d’autres étoffes étrangères, plus dangereuses encore, emprisonnent le vent lui-même et bientôt le désir d’élégance des femmes comme la soif de pouvoir des hommes. Telles sont les frontières mentales et symboliques, culturelles et historiques qu’aura franchies le lecteur au long de ce récit en suivant l’aspect des étoffes à travers des yeux mulongo.How are clothing and garment perceived in La Saison de l’ombre (Léonora Miano, 2013)? Through these superficial referents, the narrative makes the reader perceive the intercultural depth of exchanges woven in the early days of the slave trade, the “season of the shadow” for African societies. In this fiction the various anthropological functions of the garment, which are in turn foregrounded, accompany and signify the historical process of reification and assignment to the fungible of man himself. Told empathically, the story makes the reader identify with the Mulongo community, who, very early in the novel, fall victim to a fire and inexplicable disappearances. For this community, clothing, taken from the forest, protects as the forest does. Any cloth, skin or beaten bark is used to clothe and to protect. Clothing is a women’s matter and is strongly associated with their voices, their work and presented as a sign of their strength by the author. But the story also recounts the astonishment of a Mulongo character when faced with his Bwele neighbors’ art of weaving, and with the strange and threatening customs associated with their fabrics, woven by men and sometimes used to cover the earth rather than bodies. Further still, on the coast, the unimaginable end of the world for forest Mulongos, even more dangerous foreign fabrics are able to imprison the wind itself as well as women’s desire for elegance and men’s thirst for power. These are the mental and symbolic, cultural and historical boundaries that the reader will have crossed throughout the story by looking at fabrics through Mulongo eyes
Evaluation of lipoprotein Q and L-a-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase of mycoplasma mycoides subs. mycoides (small colony) as virulence factors in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) infections
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Vaccination of cattle with the N terminus of LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides results in type III immune complex disease upon experimental infection.
No full textContagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a serious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. Current vaccines against CBPP induce short-lived immunity and can cause severe postvaccine reactions. Previous studies have identified the N terminus of the transmembrane lipoprotein Q (LppQ-N') of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides as the major antigen and a possible virulence factor. We therefore immunized cattle with purified recombinant LppQ-N' formulated in Freund's adjuvant and challenged them with M. mycoides subsp. mycoides. Vaccinated animals showed a strong seroconversion to LppQ, but they exhibited significantly enhanced postchallenge glomerulonephritis compared to the placebo group (P = 0.021). Glomerulonephritis was characterized by features that suggested the development of antigen-antibody immune complexes. Clinical signs and gross pathological scores did not significantly differ between vaccinated and placebo groups. These findings reveal for the first time the pathogenesis of enhanced disease as a result of antibodies against LppQ during challenge and also argue against inclusion of LppQ-N' in a future subunit vaccine for CBPP
Arginine depletion increases susceptibility to serious infections in preterm newborns
No full textPreterm newborns are highly susceptible to bacterial infections. This susceptibility is regarded as being due to immaturity of multiple pathways of the immune system. However, it is unclear whether a mechanism that unifies these different, suppressed pathways exists. Here, we argue that the immune vulnerability of the preterm neonate is critically related to arginine depletion. Arginine, a “conditionally essential” amino acid, is depleted in acute catabolic states, including sepsis. Its metabolism is highly compartmentalized and regulated, including by arginase-mediated hydrolysis. Recent data suggest that arginase II-mediated arginine depletion is essential for the innate immune suppression that occurs in newborn models of bacterial challenge, impairing pathways critical for the immune response. Evidence that arginine depletion mediates protection from immune activation during first gut colonization suggests a regulatory role in controlling gut-derived pathogens. Clinical studies show that plasma arginine is depleted during sepsis. In keeping with animal studies, small clinical trials of L-arginine supplementation have shown benefit in reducing necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates. We propose a novel, broader hypothesis that arginine depletion during bacterial challenge is a key factor limiting the neonate’s ability to mount an adequate immune response, contributing to the increased susceptibility to infections, particularly with respect to gut-derived sepsis.</p
Vaccination against CCPP in East Africa.
No full textUMR BFP - Equipe MollicutesInternational audienc
A scalable contagious bovine pleuropneumonia control strategy in pastoral production systems
No full textTerre promise ? Terre maudite ? Le mythe de l’exode et la quête d’une (post)mémoire transatlantique dans La Saison de l’ombre de Léonora Miano
No full textCet article analyse la réécriture du mythe de l’exode dans La Saison de l’ombre de Léonora Miano, qui interroge la présence / absence d’une mémoire de la traite et de l’esclavage au sein des imaginaires subsahariens. Les Mulongo sont comparés aux Israélites, et les figures de Moïse et de la reine Pokou informent la caractérisation des personnages féminins d’Emene et d’Eyabe. Ce dialogue entre les mythes bibliques et africains permet de forger une (post)mémoire de la traite, qui semble confirmer le potentiel thérapeutique du mythe. À la triade exodique : terre, mémoire, culture, l’autrice ajoute l’Atlantique, et érige ainsi La Saison de l’ombre en lieu de (post)mémoire transatlantique. Nouveau Moïse, l’ethos du roman guide symboliquement les imaginaires subsahariens vers la terre promise que constitue la mémoire de la résistance africaine face à la traite et à l’esclavage.This article analyzes the rewriting of the Exodus myth in La Saison de l’ombre by Léonora Miano, who questions the presence / absence of a memory of the slave trade and slavery within sub-Saharan imaginaries. The Mulongo are compared to the Israelites, and the figures of Moses and Queen Abraha Pokou inform the characterization of two female characters, Emene and Eyabe. This dialogue between Biblical and African myths makes it possible to create a postmemory of the slave trade, which seems to confirm the therapeutic potential of myth. The author adds the Atlantic to the exodic triad, land, memory, culture, and turns La Saison de l’ombre into a site of transatlantic (post)memory. As a new Moses, the ethos of the novel symbolically leads sub-Saharan imaginaries to the promised land of memory and remembrance of African resistance to the slave trade and enslavement
Report of gap analysis meeting for CBPP, 26-28th June 2023, Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. Workshop report
No full text
