743 research outputs found
Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on the Ablative Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites
No full textThe effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the thermal and ablative properties of carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites was investigated. Thermochemical and oxidation reactions were found to dominate the ablation mechanism. Shear forces and high temperatures were produced using oxy-acetylene torch. Three types of composites were investigated: (a) carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites, (b) carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite containing 0.2wt% MWCNTs and (c) carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite containing 0.4wt% MWCNTs. Composites containing 0.2wt% MWCNTs showed 5.4% increase in erosion resistance, while composites containing 0.4wt% MWCNTs showed 9.6% increase in erosion resistance compared with carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites. Thermal conductivity increased with the addition of MWCNTs, i.e., 15 and 52% in composites containing 0.2 and 0.4wt% MWCNTs, respectively. Due to the addition of MWCNTs, the increased thermal conductivity of MWCNT-loaded epoxy matrix affected the ablation behavior of carbon fibers and resulted in gradual thinning of carbon fibers
Levantine attitudes towards the Franks during the early Crusades (490/1096 - 564/1169)
No full textThe period of the Crusades was one of the most important periods in the
history of both Western Europe and the Middle East, for it was during this period
that the peoples of Western Europe made their first major incursion on eastern soil.
The result of this was that an unprecedented amount of contact was established
between East and West, forcing each side to become more closely acquainted with
the culture of the other. As far as this cultural exchange is concerned, one of the
most significant parts of the crusading period was that encompassing the first two
crusades and their aftermath (490/1096-564/1169), as it was during this period that
crusaders and easterners first clashed with each other, and were forced to learn
much about each other. This sudden clash and forced acquaintance resulted in the
development of certain attitudes on each side towards the other. This thesis concerns
itself with the development of the attitudes of the Muslim, Christian and Jewish
communities towards the Franks (western crusaders) in the major theatre of conflict
of the area, the Levant.
In the thesis as many texts as possible from the literature of the period are
examined, in order to extract information from them concerning the developments
in Levantine knowledge of and attitudes towards the Franks. The texts examined
include both contemporary and later historical, geographical and judicial texts from
the area, and also local works of literature. In addition to the Muslim, Christian and
Jewish texts, and for the sake of comparison and completeness, brief consideration
is also given to a number of works of Byzantine and Frankish writers. Naturally, use
is also made of secondary works by modern scholars. In this way this thesis provides
a detailed examination of cross-cultural inter-faith relations during this formative
period
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Novel Polydopamine-Modified CNTs-Based Composite Membranes
No full textThe presence of major heavy metals including Pb2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ in water is of great concern because they cannot degrade or be destroyed. They are toxic even at very low concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to remove such toxicants from water. In the current study, polydopamine carbon nanotubes (PD-CNTs) and polysulfone (PS) composite membranes were prepared. The structural and morphological features of the prepared PDCN composite membranes were studied using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The potential application of PDCNs for heavy metal removal was studied for the removal of Pb2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+ from wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of 96.1% was obtained for Cr6+ at 2.6 pH using a composite membrane containing 1.0% PD-CNTs. The removal efficiencies decreased by 64.1 and 73.4, respectively, by enhancing the pressure from 0.50 up to 0.85 MPa. Under the same circumstances, the percentages of Pb+2 removal at 0.49 bar by the PDCNS membranes containing 0.5% and 1.0% PD-CNT were 70 and 90.3, respectively, and decreased to 54.3 and 57.0, respectively, upon increasing the pressure to 0.85 MPa. The results showed that PDCNS membranes have immense potential for the removal of heavy metals from water
Prospect of green hydrogen in Malaysian iron and steel industry: Techno-economic assessment and energy modelling using PyPSA-Earth
No full textThe iron and steel sector stands as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and highly challenging for deep decarbonization. Although green hydrogen and renewable energy emerge as a promising solution, comprehensive infrastructure and system analyses are required to evaluate the feasibility. This study proposes a methodology to assess green hydrogen deployment for both primary (hydrogen as a reducing agent) and secondary (hydrogen as a combustion fuel) iron and steel production in Malaysia. PyPSA-Earth energy modeling tool has been employed to estimate the solar potential of Malaysia and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). With an investment cost of 63–64 billion for 100 % decarbonization and 22–23 billion for both sectors and $12–13 billion for the primary sector alone. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the preliminary cost estimations in transformation of Malaysia's iron and steel industry into a more sustainable sector, and can be scaled up to any region worldwide
Antioxidant Activity of the Extracts of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) Cultivars Commonly Consumed in Pakistan
No full textThe present investigation has been carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts obtained from four cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) seeds. Phenolic compounds present in the extracts showed the antioxidant and antiradical properties when investigated using a linoleic acid peroxidation model, FRAP, ORAC and TRAP assays, as well as DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The HPLC analysis of the cowpea extracts showed the presence of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acids. The results indicated that methanolic extract of the cowpea resembled in the aforementioned activities those from other leguminous seeds and pulses. Phenolic constituents contained in cowpea may have a future role as ingredients in the development of functional foods
Gamma radioactivity and Environmental radiation risks of Granitoids in Central and Western Gilgit-Baltistan, Himalayas, North Pakistan
No full textThe study analyzed the gamma radioactivity levels due to radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) by the Gamma-Ray spectrometry method and calculated health hazards in rocks in Central and Western Gilgit-Baltistan, North Pakistan. The results of average activity concentrations of collected rock samples were 714.82 Bq kg−1 for 40K, 44.47 Bq kg−1 for 232Th, and 56.21 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, respectively. The values of Indoor Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk ELCR (in) in the samples are much greater than the permissible limit of 1.19 × 10−3. The values are also higher than safe limits for building materials (0.31 × 10−3) for seven samples. According to statistical analysis, the calculation shows the correlation coefficient value higher than the safe limit. Between 226Ra and 232Th correlation coefficient value is (0.92) and 40K and 226Ra correlation coefficient value (0.97) seemed to be positively high value. For Pearson’s correlation p < 0.05 is considered a safe limit but calculations find out the values for p > 0.05. For Absorbed Dose (D), Effective dose (H), Annual Equivalent dose (E), And most important lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) R2 = 0.99 which shows a strong correlation between them. We have concluded that areas, where these rocks are exposed on a large scale, are not suitable for living. The diorite, granite, leucogranite, pegmatite, amphibolite, and gneiss are highly radioactive and should not be used as a building material.
Preventive role of green tea catechins from obesity and related disorders especially hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia
No full textBACKGROUND: During the last few years, scientific investigations have proposed diet based regimens to prevent several health ailments including obesity, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. In this regard, a promising tool is the use of functional foods/nutraceuticals. Present research project was an attempt to explore nutraceutical worth of locally grown green tea variety (Qi-Men) against lifestyle related disorders.
METHODS: Functional drinks (T2 and T3) were prepared by adding catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) @ 550mg/500mL and compared with control (T1). These functional drinks were tested in experimental rats modeling (Sprague Dawley). Based on diets, four studies were conducted i.e. trial-I (normal diet), trial-II (high cholesterol diet), trial-III (high sucrose diet), trial-IV (high cholesterol+high sucrose diet). Rats were monitored daily for their feed and drink intake while body weight was measured on weekly basis. After period of 56days rats were sacrificed and evaluated their serum lipid (cholesterol, LDL and HDL), glucose and insulin levels.
RESULTS: Results for feed consumption by rats revealed that highest feed intake was recorded in group provided control drink than other groups. However, non significant differences were noted among all groups for drink consumption. Functional drinks resulted in significant reduction in body weight with maximum lowering noted in trial-II and III i.e. 10.73 to 8.49% and 10.12 to 10.49%, respectively. Likewise, cholesterol and LDL were substantially reduced with 14.42% decrease observed in trial-IV and 30.43% in trial-II, respectively. Furthermore, serum glucose and insulin levels were also lowered significantly in the trial-III and IV while in trial-I and II differences were non-significant. In contrast to lipid profile, experimental drink containing EGCG reduced the trait better than catechins based functional drink.
CONCLUSIONS: The drinks supplemented with catechins and EGCG are effective against obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia
Folio
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Compositional Study and Antioxidant Potential of <em>Ipomoea hederacea</em> Jacq. and <em>Lepidium sativum</em> L. Seeds
No full textThe present investigation has been carried out to determine the proximate composition, amino acids, metal contents, oil composition as well as the antioxidant capacity of the seeds of <em>Ipomoea hederacea </em>Jacq. and <em>Lepidium sativum</em> L. Proximate composition indicated a great difference in oil (14.09 ± 0.66, 28.03 ± 1.05) and fibre (16.55 ± 0.31, 6.75 ± 1.20) contents for <em>I. hederacea </em>and <em>L. sativum</em>, respectively. Fatty acid profile indicated that oleic acid (19.50 ± 0.37, 30.50 ± 0.16) and linoleic acid (52.09 ± 0.48, 8.60 ± 0.38) are the major fatty acids. γ-Tocopherol and d-tocopherol (28.70 ± 0.14, 111.56 ± 0.37) were the most abundant in the seed oil of <em>I. hederacea</em> and <em>L. sativum</em>, respectively. Results of TEAC, FRAP and TRAP antioxidant assays indicated that <em>L. sativum</em> has much greater antioxidant potential than <em>I. hederacea</em>
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP: Muhammad Atif Bashir, Shakeel Sarwar, Muhammad Rizwan, Waseem Ahmad Khan
No full textThis study outlines an inclusive review of past studies on “entrepreneurial leadership (EL)”. A systematic literature review (SLTR) is an accredited approach for producing the trustworthy understandings from an evidence based technique. The approach of SLTR used in this study is conducted stepwise for providing the support to conceptual development of EL. The review method of this research conduct begins with keywords’ identification collected from the panel of review. These search strings were then utilized in nine databases that were considered as highly suitable for the research in management field. These databases include: Emerald, JSTOR, Sage journals, Science direct, Springer link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Knowledge, and Wiley online library. To obtain the relevant articles, titles and abstracts were screened out based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. The references and citations of chosen papers were scrutinized to decide their exclusion and inclusion. Initially, 216 articles in total were recognized that were further refined in the process of review. Duplicate papers chosen from given databases were then filtered out. In the end, the study has selected 97 papers that were suitable for the review and analysis. The findings of this paper sustenance the conclusion that EL is an important determinant that enhances organizational performance across competitive and turbulent atmospheres. Though, what is indistinct is the magnitude to which the EL attributes recognized are pertinent in a specific context. The research results highlight the manifold attributes relevant to EL like vision, risk-taking, effective communication, creativity and innovativeness. It has been seen that while the SLTR procedures came up with a exhaustive review of the past studies on EL, the effectiveness of the literatures is restricted to the search specific sentence strings used in the databases. Based on the SLTR, recommendations and future suggestions with specific reference to emerging countries are propose
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