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PROF. MUHAMMAD SHAFIQUE (1936-2022): PIONEER OF PSYCHIATRY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Full text linkProf. Muhammad Shafique died on August 02, 2022. He was great teacher, a highly respected intellectual, truly compassionate clinician and above one of the most humane persons I have ever worked. I have fond memories of being his trainee (1988-1991) but my association with him started much earlier as a medical student. It was around 1984, when he organized an international psychiatric conference in Peshawar. We were involved in the conference as students and helped in organization. That involvement resulted in me taking psychiatry as career and work with Prof. Muhammad Shafique over almost three decades.
I recall Prof. Shafique as a kind gentleman who was always passionate about the care of his patients, true democrat with an open and enquiring mind and keen to learn. He would instill these qualities in his trainees. As far as I know, the doctors who have worked with him would not advice unnecessary investigations or the medications. I feel this achievement alone would suffice for his maghfirat (the God blessing after the death). This may not sound much but it is a sad reflection on the current state of medical training and practice where these poor patients suffer a lot due to huge burden of diagnostics and unnecessary medication.
‘Shafique’ literally means being kind or sympathetic and he truly was that. He participated in the development of many philanthropic projects in Peshawar, including the Burn-care center which was the first and only center for burn victims in KPK. He supported a large number of medical students and supported Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital in Peshawar.
He was a literary person and was an avid reader of both western and eastern literature, with particular interest in the works of Allama Iqbal and Faiz Ahmed Faiz. On passing my FCPS exam, I gifted him some books to thank for his immense support and guidance. I still remember the glow on his face and how excited he was on receiving these books. He had a personal library and has given a huge number of books in donations to private libraries. He was the author of two Urdu books, Kuch Yadein Kuch Safar (autobiography) and Zehn ki Dunya (which is about psychological issues for common understanding), apart from writing many papers and articles.
Prof Muhammad Shafique was born on May 09, 1936, in Jalandhar, India and migrated to Pakistan in September 1947 when he was 11 years old during the Partition. He graduated from Nishtar Medical College in 1959. He was an excellent student and got distinctions in the subjects of Eye and Medicine. He moved to Peshawar afterwards and did his house job in medicine with Professor Muhammad Raza at Lady Reading Hospital.
He decided to pursue the relatively underdeveloped field of psychiatry and went to England for higher training in 1961. He returned back to Pakistan in 1964 and accepted the job of Medical Superintendent of Dhodial Mental Hospital. I simply can’t imagine a fresh graduate with highest qualifications at that time from UK moving to far flung place like Dhodial, Mansehra even in this age with all modern facilities and excellent motorways and roads. This must be the great dedication and spirit for serving the humanity that we knew Prof. Shafique had.
After 5 years of serving in the far flung area of Dhodial he was appointed as Medical Superintendent in Peshawar Mental Hospital. After a period of 8-9 months he transferred to Lahore Mental Hospital as an administrator in 1971 and after 2 years he was transferred back to Peshawar Mental Hospital and worked there for 4 years. During this time, he was also a visiting psychiatrist in Lady Reading Hospital where he started his own OPD sitting under a tree in Lady Reading Hospital, thus establishing a psychiatric service in the hospital.
In 1976, he was posted as Assistant Professor Psychiatry in Khyber Medical College and continued to work there until his retirement as Professor in 1996.
I briefly mentioned his career pathways to highlight the struggles of a highly committed professional who served different places under the most difficult circumstances. His contributions to psychiatry, medical education and philanthropy are enormous and must be honored and kept alive by all including his students, children and fellow teachers.
He was the true pioneer of psychiatry in Pakistan, being the third psychiatrist in all of Pakistan and first psychiatrist of KPK at that time. He started undergraduate and postgraduate training of his department in KPK, thus initiating the concept of specialization in his field. He was one of the first examiners of the post graduate exam of psychiatry in Pakistan. He brought the psychiatric services to the mainstream outpatient services as mentally ill patients were ostracized from society and were only kept in prisons or asylums in those times. He became the first doctor ever to remove the shackles of mental patients in prisons and started the medicolegal system of psychiatry in KPK.
During his years of service, he developed mental health care at local, provincial and national levels. With the help of a few dedicated individuals, he took on refining mental healthcare and establishing it as a respectable and clinically sound field of health. This included the reformation of the Lunacy Act, a legacy of the British healthcare system, and hence the Mental Healthcare Act of Pakistan was developed and refined by these exceptional physicians.
I am personally indebted to him for his training, mentoring and support. It was such a privilege and honour to work with him and I truly consider myself immensely lucky to have him as a teacher. May Allah grant him highest place in Jannah and help us to truly follow the highest standards he has set for us (Aameen)
Circular Pathways in Construction: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Bio-based Fiber Reinforced Building Component
Full text linkData availability statement:
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.Supplementary material:
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1716779/full#supplementary-materialGenerative AI statement:
The author(s) declared that generative AI was not used in the creation of this manuscript.The construction sector is one of the most significant contributors to global environmental impacts, particularly due to its high material and energy demands. Developing sustainable alternatives to conventional building materials is, therefore, a critical step toward reducing the environmental impact of this sector. The integration of recycled bio-based fibers with traditional reinforcement is proposed as an alternative solution to mitigate environmental impacts. This study evaluated the environmental benefits of replacing traditional steel reinforcement with recycled bio-based hemp and bamboo fibers in a reinforced concrete beam using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, excluding the evaluation of the mechanical performance of the replacement materials from its scope. The results show that, overall, replacing steel has significant benefits for several impact categories even at low replacement rates for the reinforced concrete beam. For instance, in terms of global warming potential (GW), the emissions decrease from 362 kg CO2 eq for beam for the steel-reinforced concrete to 324 kg CO2 eq for beam for 30% steel replacement with recycled hemp and 312 kg CO2 eq for beam for 30% steel replacement with recycled bamboo fiber. Therefore, the GW emissions decrease by around 14% for the reinforced concrete beam. This study contributes to the scientific literature by providing concrete data on the benefits of using bio-based recycled fibers even at low replacement rates. This research suggests that utilizing recycled bio-based materials could be a practical approach to enhancing the sustainability of construction materials from a circular economy perspective.The author(s) declared that financial support was received for this work and/or its publication. This research received no external funding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
GSM based patient heart beat monitoring system / Muhammad Shafique Nazli, Abdul Afidz Abdul Aziz and Nur Yasmine Abdul Samat
Full text linkThere is a vast growth of VLSI technology and Global System for Mobile communication, (GSM) communication in these days. This project deals about the implementation of GSM technology in Medical applications. This wireless communication would not only provide them with safe and accurate monitoring, but also fast response. In this project, heartbeat of patient are measured by using pulse sensors as analog data, later it is converted into digital data using ADC, which is suitable for wireless transmission using paging messages through a GSM modem. The ATmega328 micro controller IC in aduino is used for temporary storage of the data used for transmission
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A watermarking scheme for digital images using multilevel wavelet decomposition
No full textA robust multilevel watermarking method based on multiresolution wavelet transformation is introduced. The coefficients of watermark are embedded into those of host image at different transformation level with a novel procedure. Watermark is extracted by inverse transformation at every level and by feeding the residual marked image to the subsequent level. Finally, the watermark is estimated by taking mean value of the watermarks obtained at every level. The introduced method is tested on six gray images with added Gaussian, salt and pepper, Speckle, and JPEG noises. The method is also examined with a color mpeg video. Signal to noise ratio with correlation coefficients are used as criteria for testing the method
An empirical application of linear regression method and FIR network for fault diagnosis in nonlinear time series
No full textA fault diagnosis scheme for nonlinear time series recorded
in normal and abnormal conditions is described. The fault
is first detected from regression lines of the raw time series.
Model for the normal condition time series is estimated
using a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) neural network. The
trained network is then used for filtering of abnormal
condition time series. The fault is further confirmed/
analyzed using the regression lines of the predicted normal
and inverse-filtered abnormal conditions time series.
The described scheme is applied to two fault diagnosis
problems using acoustic and vibration data obtained from
rotating parts of an automobile and a boring tool,
respectively
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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