460 research outputs found
Data prediction and recalculation of missing data in soft set / Muhammad Sadiq Khan
No full textUncertain data cannot be processed by using the regular tools and techniques of clear data. Special techniques like fuzzy set, rough set, and soft set need to be utilized when dealing with uncertain data, and each special technique comes with its own advantages and snags. Soft set is considered as the most appropriate of these techniques. A soft set application represents uncertain data in tabular form where all values are represented by 0 or 1. Researchers use soft set representation in a number of applications involving decision making, parameter reduction, medical diagnosis, and conflict analysis. Soft set binary data may be missing due to communicational errors or viral attacks etc. Soft sets with incomplete data cannot be used in applications. Few researchers have worked on data filling and recalculating incomplete soft sets, and the current research focuses on predicting missing values and decision values from non-missing data or aggregates. A soft set needs to be preprocessed in order to obtain aggregates while no preprocessing is needed when aggregates are not required. Therefore, this research discusses the existing techniques in terms of preprocessed and unprocessed soft sets. The currently available approaches in the preprocessed category recalculate partial missing data from aggregates, yet are unable to use the set of aggregates for recalculating entire values. This research presents a mathematical technique capable of recalculating overall missing values from available aggregates.
Also investigated are the techniques belonging to the unprocessed category, among them being DFIS, a novel data filling approach for an incomplete soft set, which seems to be the most suitable technique in handling incomplete soft set data. The result shows that DFIS possesses a persisting accuracy problem in prediction. DFIS predicts missing values through association between parameters, yet makes no distinction between the different associations. Thus, it ignores the role of the strongest association, which in turn results in low accuracy. This research rectifies this particular DFIS issue by using a new prediction technique through strongest association (PSA). The experimental result validates the high accuracy of PSA over DFIS after implementing both techniques in MATLAB and testing for data filling using bench mark data sets. Further, this research applies PSA to online social networks (OSN) and detects a new kind of network community for those nodes that are associated with each other. The new network community is named ‗virtual community‘ and the inter-associated nodes are named ‗prime nodes‘. Researchers have found that the unavailability of complete OSN nodes results in a low accuracy of ranking algorithms. Therefore, this research predicts new links in two OSNs (Facebook and Twitter) data sets through association between prime nodes using PSA. By completing OSNs through association between prime nodes using PSA, this study demonstrates that the performance of famous ranking algorithms (k-Core and PageRank) can be significantly improved
Khabiah al-akwan fi Iffiraq al-umum atha Madha hib wa al-adyan : Malik Muhammad Sadiq Hasan Khan
No full textComparative influence of active PLA and PP films on the quality of minimally processed cherry tomatoes
No full textMinimally processed fruits and vegetables (F&V) are highly prone to oxidative deterioration and despite many efforts, no tangible solution has been found. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the influence of antioxidant-releasing PLA (polylactic acid) and PP (polypropylene) films incorporated with orange peel extract (OPE) on the quality of cherry tomatoes during storage. Films were characterized based on color parameters, barrier properties and potential migration of volatile compounds from packaging into the food systems. The success of OPE encapsulation and molecular interactions between extract and polymeric chains was confirmed by FT-IR. The release analysis was performed in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity and through GC-MS analysis (through liquid injection and SPME). Finally, the influence of the packaging material on the quality of cherry tomatoes was ascertained through oxidative enzyme activity and the production of volatile organic compounds. The effect of the extract on the oxygen permeability depends by the film. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in compounds that migrated from the control and active PLA films as observed through GC-MS. Finally, cherry tomatoes packed with active PLA films displayed more total polyphenolic content (TPC) retention and reduced volatile compounds (i.e., hexanal) at the end of storage as compared to PP films. Thus, active PLA films have the potential to be used as a replacement packaging material to PP for cherry tomatoes
State of "Bhopal" in the Light of History
No full textThe state of Bhopal is constituted of 6764 square Km. The historical facts of Bhopal determine that Bhoj, the ruler of Dhar (1018 - 1060A) had conquered 25 square Km area in which he constructed a collosal pond. There was a village situated on the bank of that pond, which ultimately changed the name of the village to "Bhojpal". Officially, Bhopal claimed the status of the capital in 1727AD, the founder of this Muslim state was Sardar Dost Muhammad Khan. The history of Bhopal can be divided into two parts. One concerning Sardar Dost Muhammad Khan and his accord with the British government, while the second part deals with written treaty with the British government to the last ruler of the state namely Nawab Hameedullah Khan
Spectacles of Dispossession: Representations of Indian Muslims in British Colonial Discourse, 1857-1905
No full textPhDThis thesis analyses some of the changing features by which Indian Muslims were
identified in British colonialist discourse between the outbreak of revolt in 1857 and
the partition of Bengal in 1905. Most of the texts examined emanate out of the
relatively circumscribed Anglo-Indian official community, and range from personal
correspondence, to 'Mutiny' memoirs, travel guides, and socio-political essays. The
argument takes as its starting point David Washbrook's description of the selfconstitution
of the Raj as a centralised, secular and neutral state arbitrating the claims
of competing ascriptive racial and ethnic communities. Drawing on recent Lacanian
analyses of the formation and maintenance of ideologies, as well as on the
sociological schema of Zygmant Bauman, the thesis argues that in the post-1857
period the preservation of this official identity became dangerously reliant on a
discourse of power centred on representations of Indian Muslims. Chapter One reads
the stereotype of the Indian Muslim in 1905 for its most salient features - debased
foreign origins, religious incontinence, isolation within Indian society, and secret
ambitions towards temporal power. It then traces them back to their first marked
appearance in colonial discourse in 1857. Chapter Two begins with a reassessment of
the historiography with regard to Muslim 'conspiracy' during the revolt, as well as a
reconsideration of official praxis towards Indian Muslims in the half-century before
its outbreak. Proceeding to a detailed analysis of' Mutiny' texts, it concludes that the
unprecedented, widespread British misperception of 'conspiracy' stemmed in part
from an irrational colonialist attempt to re-possess their own fractured secular
ideology through tropes of Christian persecution. Chapter Three compares the highly
ambivalent post-'Mutiny' representations of Indo-Muslim 'fanaticism' that resulted
with a secularised late eighteenth-century discourse on Mughal figures of authority. It
argues that the strikingly similar discourses of alienation and lack of self-command
structuring both forms of representation derived from crises in the colonialist inability
to command their own self-presentation as rulers within the Indian environment. In
the later discourse, in particular, these instabilities issued in a disastrous process of
representational stigmatisation and segregation
امام جعفر صادق ؑکی طبّی خدمات : Medical Services Of Imam Jafar Sadiq
No full textThis paper is about Imam Jafar Sadiq. Imam Jafar Sadiq had the honor of spending almost 12 years of his 65-year life under the shadow of his grandfather Hazrat Imam Zain al-Abidin (peace be upon him) and 19 years under the shadow of his father Majid Imam Muhammad Baqir (peace be upon him). After that, 34 years of his Imamate were available, during which time he benefited the world with his knowledge because during this time, the Umayyads were spending their days of decline, so they were worried about saving their power. And Bani Abbas were in their heyday, so they were busy consolidating their power.
Therefore, due to the conflict between these two families, Imam Jafar Sadiq got some freedom, he took advantage of this opportunity to organize the publication of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him), so the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah and Kufa. I turned the mosque of Kufa into a place of learning, in which scholars from all over the world came to quench their thirst for knowledge, so about four thousand students, including non-Muslims, were blessed with the highest position of imam.
Keywords:
Imam Zain al-Abidin, Medical Services, publication of the school, position of imam
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FIRST LINE ANTI TUBERCULOSIS THERAPY
No full textDr. Sara Khan*, Dr. Sidra Sadiq and Dr. Muhammad Anee
AUDIT OF DISEASES IN MEDICAL WARDS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
No full textDr. Sara Khan*, Dr. Sidra Sadiq and Dr. Muhammad Anee
A 37 GHz Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals
No full textThis work presents, design and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis of a 37 GHz antenna, for 5th Generation (5G) applications. The proposed antenna comprises of 4-elements of rectangular patch and an even distribution. The radiating element is composed of copper material supported by Rogers RT5880 substrate of thickness, 0.254 mm, dielectric constant (εr), 2.2, and loss tangent, 0.0009. The 4-elements array antenna is compact in size with a dimension of 8 mm × 20 mm in length and width. The radiating patch is excited with a 50 ohms connector i.e., K-type. The antenna resonates in the frequency band of 37 GHz, that covers the 5G applications. The antenna behavior is studied both in free space and in the proximity of the human body. Three models of the human body, i.e., belly, hand, and head (contain skin, fat, muscles, and bone) are considered for on-body simulations. At resonant frequency, the antenna gives a boresight gain of 11.6 dB. The antenna radiates efficiently with a radiated efficiency of more than 90%. Also, it is observed that the antenna detunes to the lowest in the proximity of the human body, but still a good impedance matching is achieved considering the −10 dB criteria. Moreover, SAR is also being presented. The safe limit of 2 W/kg for any 10 g of biological tissue, specified by the European International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) has been considered. The calculated values of SAR for human body models, i.e., belly, hand and head are 1.82, 1.81 and 1.09 W/kg, respectively. The SAR values are less than the international recommendations for the three models. Furthermore, the simulated and measured results of the antenna are in close agreement, which makes it, a potential candidate for the fifth-generation smart phones and other handheld devices
JAMIA ISLAMIA (1963-1975): THE FIRST ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN
No full textJamia Islamia (present day Islamia University) was situated in Bahawalpur. In the British colonial period, Bahawalpur State was one of the autonomous princely states. After the partition of British India, on 7 October 1947, Bahawalpur State decided to ascend to Pakistan. On 14 October 1955, the framework of the One Unit program was implemented and as a result Bahawalpur State was merged with West Pakistan. The last ruler of Bahawalpur State was Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V (b. 1904, d. 1964).[1] The institution which is known as Jamia Islamia has a history of almost one and half centuries consisted of four different phases, Madrassa Sadr Diniyat (1879-1925), Jamia Abbasia (1925-1963), Jamia Islamia (1963-1975) and Islamia University Bahawalpur (1975-Present). It was established by Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan IV in 1879 as a basic level religious madrassa and at that time its name was Madrassa Sadr Diniyat. In 1925 the last ruler of Bahawalpur State, Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V upgraded the institution as higher level religious educational institution on the pattern of Jamia Al-Azhar in Cairo, Egypt and renamed it as Jamia Abbasia. Jamia Abbasia (1925-1963) was the combination of traditional / religious and modern / contemporary education. Jamia Islamia was an upgraded and a more modern version of Jamia Abbasia. It was the first Islamic University of Pakistan. During this phase, the institution was a modern / contemporary and as well as a religious / traditional institution but now the modern aspects of the institution started to dominate. President of Pakistan, Ayub Khan came for the inauguration of this phase of the institution. The name of the institution Jamia Abbasia was replaced with Jamia Islamia and Auqaf Department undertook the institution. This research deals with this third and the shortest phase of the institution and examines the relevant structural features such as the administration, curriculum, teachers, students, famous visitors, institutional changes and the status of the institution etc.
 
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