323 research outputs found
Analysis of Machine Learning Based Imputation of Missing Data
No full textData analysis and classification can be affected by the availability of missing data
in datasets. To deal with missing data, either deletion-based or imputation-based
methods are used that results in the reduction of data records or wrong predicted
value imputed by means/median respectively. A significant improvement can be
done if missing values are imputed more accurately with less computation cost.
In this work, a flow for analysis of machine learning-based algorithms for
missing data imputation is proposed. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and
Sequential KNN (SKNN) algorithms are used to impute missing values in
datasets using machine learning. Missing values handled using statistical
deletion approach (List-wise Deletion) and ML-based imputation methods (KNN
and SKNN) is then tested and compared using different ML classifiers (Support
Vector Machine and Decision Tree) to evaluate effectiveness of imputed data.
The used algorithms are compared in terms of accuracy, and results yielded that
the ML-based imputation method (SKNN) outperforms LD-based approach and
KNN method in terms of effectiveness of handling missing data in almost every dataset with both classification algorithms (SVM and DT)
Slave girls under the early Abassids : a study of the role of slave-women and courtesans in social and literary life in the first two centuries of the Abasid Caliphate, based on original sources
No full textAplikasi Takmilah dalam Puisi Al Amin
No full textKajian ini merupakan satu aplikasi Teori Takmilah ke atas Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin karya A. Samad Said. Kumpulan puisi ini telah diterbitkan oleh Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka pada tahun 1999 dan diulang cetak pada tahun 2001 dan 2002.
Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin berdasarkan 7 prinsip yang terdapat dalam Teori Takmilah. Bait-bait puisi disaring daripada kumpulan puisi berkenaan dan aspek-aspek serta prinsip-prinsip Takmilah yang paling dominan yang ditemui dinyatakan dalam kajian ini.
Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan bagi membuat analisis kajian. Pengkaji juga turut melayari internet untuk mendapatkan bahan yang berkaitan dengan kajian terutamanya mengenai Teori Takmilah
Berdasarkan penelitian dan analisis, didapati kesemua 7 prinsip Teori Takmilah ditemui dalam kumpulan puisi yang dikaji. 7 prinsip berkenaan iaitu ketuhanan yang bersifat Kamal, kerasulan sebagai insan Kamil, keislaman yang bersifat Akmal, ilmu dengan sastera yang bersifat Takamul, sastera sendiri yang berciri estetik dan bersifat Takmilah, pengkarya yang seharusnya mengistikmalkan diri dan khalayak bertujuan memupuk mereka ke arah insan Kamil. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, prinsip yang paling dominan ditemui dalam Kumpulan Puisi Al Amin ialah prinsip ke 2 iaitu prinsip kerasulan insan al Kamil, insan Rabbani dan insan Khalifah yang merujuk khusus kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Penemuan ketujuh-tujuh prinsip Teori Takmilah dalam kumpulan puisi yang dikaji membuktikan kumpulan puisi karya A Samad Said ini padat dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan dan pengajaran serta dapat dikategorikan dalam hasil karya sastera Islam yang boleh dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh khalayak sastera Melayu-Islam
Medical Cyberspace Subliminal Affective Collective Consciousness: Machine Learning Discriminates Back Pain vs Hip/Knee Osteoarthritis Web Pages Emotional Fingerprints
No full textBack pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Its emergence relates not only to the musculoskeletal degeneration biological substrate but also to psychosocial factors; emotional components play a pivotal role. In modern society, people are significantly informed by the Internet; in turn, they contribute social validation to a “successful” digital information subset in a dynamic interplay. The Affective component of medical pages has not been previously investigated, a significant gap in knowledge since they represent a critical biopsychosocial feature. We tested the hypothesis that successful pages related to spine pathology embed a consistent emotional pattern, allowing discrimination from a control group. The pool of web pages related to spine or hip/knee pathology was automatically selected by relevance and popularity and submitted to automated sentiment analysis to generate emotional patterns. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were trained to predict page original topics from patterns with binary classification. ML showed high discrimination accuracy; disgust emerged as a discriminating emotion. The findings suggest that the digital affective “successful content” (collective consciousness) integrates patients’ biopsychosocial ecosystem, with potential implications for the emergence of chronic pain, and the endorsement of health-relevant specific behaviors. Awareness of such effects raises practical and ethical issues for health information providers
Machine learning algorithms distinguish discrete digital emotional fingerprints for web pages related to back pain
No full textBack pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Its emergence relates not only to the musculoskeletal degeneration biological substrate but also to psychosocial factors; emotional components play a pivotal role. In modern society, people are significantly informed by the Internet; in turn, they contribute social validation to a “successful” digital information subset in a dynamic interplay. The Affective component of medical pages has not been previously investigated, a significant gap in knowledge since they represent a critical biopsychosocial feature. We tested the hypothesis that successful pages related to spine pathology embed a consistent emotional pattern, allowing discrimination from a control group. The pool of web pages related to spine or hip/knee pathology was automatically selected by relevance and popularity and submitted to automated sentiment analysis to generate emotional patterns. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were trained to predict page original topics from patterns with binary classification. ML showed high discrimination accuracy; disgust emerged as a discriminating emotion. The findings suggest that the digital affective “successful content” (collective consciousness) integrates patients’ biopsychosocial ecosystem, with potential implications for the emergence of chronic pain, and the endorsement of health-relevant specific behaviors. Awareness of such effects raises practical and ethical issues for health information providers
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
“What do experts say?” Visual complexity and community acceptance of Pua Kumbu / Wan Juliana Emeih Wahed, Saiful Bahari Mohd Yusoff and Noorhayati Saad
No full textThis chapter highlights the aesthetic perceptions of academicians regarding the complexity of Pua Kumbu design motifs and the community acceptance of this tangible heritage. The complexity of the symbols presented in the design motifs contributes to the current lack of interest in this art form, especially among the young generation, tourists and other races in Sarawak. The complexity of the symbols has also led to these motifs being further misunderstood, as well as the mistreatment and misuse of this majestic art form. Therefore, this research used a qualitative approach to explore the perspectives of four academicians in the fields of textiles, art and culture. In-depth interviews with semi-structured questions were conducted, as was observation and analysis of the relevant documents. According to the findings, weavers are the masterminds behind the visual complexity of Pua Kumbu, which reveal Iban knowledge through the design motifs. In conclusion, prior knowledge of Iban culture can broaden the community acceptance of this art form, minimise the knowledge gap and prevent these masterpieces from being forgotten and neglected
Compassion Enhances Adaptive Performance of Health Employees by Broadening Their Creative Cognition
No full textContemporary healthcare settings characterize cognitively complex and emotionally divergent work demands entailing a high pressure on healthcare professionals for adaptive performance. This study underscored the significance of a well-integrated set of emotional and cognitive capabilities, connecting compassion and creative cognition, for healthcare professionals to address the demand for adaptive performance. Building on Broaden and Build theory (B&B) of positive emotions, this study hypothesized that compassion, which is positive emotion comprising of care and assistance to reduce others suffering, can enhance adaptive performance of healthcare professionals when positively associated with their creative cognition. This study used purposive sampling method and collected data from 408 doctors serving in public service hospitals to test the mediating role of compassion between adaptive creative cognition and adaptive performance of healthcare professionals. The statistical results demonstrate a direct and significant association of compassion with creative cognition as well as adaptive performance as well as a significant mediating role of creative cognition between compassion and adaptive performance of healthcare professionals. This study indirectly through creative cognition. This study proffered a discovery of unique integration between two distinctly identified facets of adaptive job performance. This finding highlights how specific emotions trigger creativity to satisfy the unique performance demands in healthcare settings.N
Profit-Sharing Deposit Accounts in Islamic Banking: Analysing the Perceptions and Attitudes of the Malaysian Depositors
No full textIslamic banking deposits are fundamentally structured in a different way than the conventional banking deposits. Each type of Islamic banking deposits, such as savings, demand, and timed deposits, is devised using the approved Shari’ah contracts such as qard, wadiah, murabahah, and mudarabah. These contracts are opposed to the conventional concepts, as they are based on the concept of a ‘lender-borrower’ relationship. In addition, the Shari’ah-approved contracts are unique as they feature a different nature of risk and return. This is especially the case for mudarabah contracts (henceforth referred to as profit-sharing contracts). The uniqueness of profit-sharing contracts in deposit products has been given due recognition in theory and also in practice, as most of the Islamic banks in Malaysia offered this product. In addition, the unique features and characteristics of profit-sharing based deposit accounts are also highlighted in the prudential standards issued by prominent regulatory bodies such as AAOIFI and IFSB which, have been adopted by the Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia).
Nevertheless, it is argued by many Islamic banks practitioners, especially in Malaysia, that the concept of profit-sharing in deposits products is not practical in reality, because the depositors do not behave according to, nor accept the principles that have been laid down in the Shari’ah. Thus it is argued that both the depositors and the Islamic bankers have treated the product similar to any other conventional banking deposits products.
The main aim of this study, hence, is to explore and examine the level of awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of the Islamic banking depositors in Malaysia towards characteristics of profit-sharing deposits accounts in accordance with the fundamental Shari’ah principles but also the regulations prevailing. In addition, this research also attempts to explore the significant determinant factors that encourage the depositors to engage with Islamic banking deposits accounts in general and profit-sharing deposits accounts in particular.
In fulfilling the aim of the study, primary data collection research was adopted through a survey questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were distributed to eight Islamic banks representing various types of Islamic banks in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The questionnaire asked various pertinent questions, which intended to elicit the depositors’ opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards the unique characteristics of profit-sharing contract as specified in Shari’ah muamalah principles. The characteristics among others are: (i) concept of uncertain deposits returns; (ii) concept of non-guarantee for the deposits; (iii) concept of profit equalization reserve. A total 649 of the returned questionnaires were complete and fit for analysis purpose. The data were analysed using various statistical analysis techniques ranging from simple frequency distribution analysis to the more advanced analyses such as non-parametric statistical analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression.
In general, the results of the study show that the level of awareness of the need to have Islamic banking deposits accounts because of religious reasons is considered as high among the Malaysian depositors. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that a high level of awareness is not being translated into a high level of understanding concerning the objectives of the products which are structured in accordance to the Shari’ah-compliant contracts. This can be seen in the major findings of this study: the characteristics of profit-sharing contracts, which arguably are the most desirable Shari’ah-compliant contracts, are not acceptable to the depositors. This indirectly implies that they are still strongly influenced by the nature of conventional banking products. In addition, the logistics regression results further proved that related factors (‘financial services’ and ‘income’) emerged as the main determinants in creating demand for profit-sharing deposits accounts.
The results of the research should draw the attention of the Islamic bankers and also the regulators to finding ways for improving the level of understanding among the depositors. However, the critical successful factor in educating the depositors is highly dependent on the level of knowledge exhibited by the Islamic bankers themselves, which can be a real concern as highlighted by the findings of this study
The Hirsch spectrum: a novel tool for analysing scientific journals
No full textThis paper introduces the Hirsch spectrum (h-spectrum) for analyzing the academic reputation of a scientific journal. h-Spectrum is a novel tool based on the Hirsch (h) index. It is easy to construct: considering a specific journal in a specific interval of time, h-spectrum is defined as the distribution representing the h-indexes associated to the authors of the journal articles. This tool allows defining a reference profile of the typical author of a journal, compare different journals within the same scientific field, and provide a rough indication of prestige/reputation of a journal in the scientific community. h-Spectrum can be associated to every journal. Ten specific journals in the Quality Engineering/Quality Management field are analyzed so as to preliminarily investigate the h-spectrum characteristic
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