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RELEVANSI PANDANGAN WAHBAH AZ-ZUHAILI TENTANG KADAR KEWAJIBAN SUAMI DALAM MENAFKAHI KELUARGA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
No full textAkibat dari pandemi Covid-19 adalah para kepala keluarga kesulitan untuk memberikan nafkah. Di sisi lain, menafkahi keluarga hukumnya adalah wajib. Penulis menemukan ada istri yang meminta suaminya untuk tetap memberikan nafkah seperti saat normal. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya edukasi tentang bagaimana bersikap berumah tangga. Wahbah az-Zuhaili merupakan salah satu pemikir Islam berpandangan moderat
yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan citra Islam di Indonesia, yaitu Islam moderat. Oleh karena itu, penulis menilai cocok apabila pandangannya digunakan sebagai bahan edukasi
dan tolok ukur bidang fiqih dalam penentuan kadar nafkah di masa sulit sekarang ini. Penelitian yang penulis lakukan termasuk penelitian kepustakaan (library research)
dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab karangan Wahbah az-Zuhaili, yaitu Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu.
Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis.
Menurut Wahbah az-Zuhaili, nafkah makanan untuk istri adalah disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan yang berlaku di masing- masing daerah dan disesuaikan dengan kemampuan ekonomi suami, baik dalam masa normal maupun masa sulit. Nafkah pakaian
untuk istri adalah pakaian yang sesuai dengan yang biasa dipakai oleh masyarakat dan disesuaikan dengan kemampuan ekonomi suami, baik dalam masa normal maupun masa
sulit. Nafkah tempat tinggal untuk istri di masa normal adalah tempat tinggal yang sesuai dan setara dengan level tempat tinggal suami dengan kriteria rumah yang di dalamnya
terdapat fasilitas wajib serta disesuaikan dengan keadaan ekonomi suami; sedangkan di masa sulit, fasilitas wajib tersebut tidak harus berada di dalam rumah. Nafkah pembantu
untuk istri di masa normal adalah wajib bila istri membutuhkan dan suami mampu; namun bila istri tidak membutuhkan atau suami tidak mampu, maka tidak wajib mendatangkan pembantu. Nafkah perabot tumah tangga untuk istri di masa normal adalah upah untuk baby sitter, alat-alat pembersih, perkakas makan, peralatan dapur, meja, kursi, serta kebutuhan untuk tidur; sedangkan di masa sulit, maka disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kecukupan. Kadar nafkah untuk anak disesuaikan dengan kecukupan kebutuhan si anak dan disesuaikan dengan kemampuan ekonomi ayahnya. Apabila ayah tidak mampu untuk menafkahi anaknya karena kesulitan ekonomi, maka Wahbah az-Zuhaili menyebutkan
beberapa pendapat ulama dan tidak menyatakan pendapat pribadinya. Pandangan Wahbah az-Zuhaili tentang kadar nafkah bila dihubungkan dengan pandemi Covid-19 adalah relevan karena dalam pandangan Wahbah az-Zuhaili menjelaskan tentang kadar nafkah di masa sulit, seperti halnya di masa pandemi Covid-19 sekarang ini
REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP KETAHANAN KELUARGA DALAM PERNIKAHAN PERJODOHAN (STUDI PASANGAN MUDA DI WILAYAH JAKARTA)
Full text linkNowadays, parents tend to give leeway to their children in choosing potential
partners. On the other hand, children also have their own preference criteria in
choosing a potential partner. The author found several young couples in Jakarta
who had arranged marriages. They can survive for years without any divorce. Their
family has also fulfilled the aspects that are benchmarks for a family to be
considered to have a high level of resilience.
The author is interested in researching what factors contribute to the
occurrence of arranged marriages among young people in Jakarta, how they run
their households so they can survive, and what Maqasid al-Usrah views on the
resilience of their families. This type of research is empirical research with
qualitative methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses a
phenomenological sociological approach. The author used the family strenght
concept by Nick Stinnet and John DeFrain, as well as the Maqasid al-Usrah by
Jamaluddin 'Athiyyah. The primary data consists of statements from four arranged
marriage couples living in Jakarta. Secondary data consists of books, theses, articles
from scientific journals, and other sources related to the theme.
The author concludes that the factors behind the occurrence of arranged
marriages among young people in Jakarta are parental factors. The parents have a
sense of responsibility for their child's future so they want the best partner for them.
The interviewees also accepted the arranged marriage for relatively the same
reasons, they belief that the prospective partner approved by their parents was the
best. In running their households, they have six criteria consisting of 28 components
which are indicators that a family can be said to have resilience. Of the 28
components, there are several components that are less significant in one of the
interviewee's families. However, this does not reduce the resilience and harmony
of their family. Family resilience is greatly influenced by mental readiness, family
background and education. All components contained in the resource person's
concept of family resilience are in accordance with the Maqasid al-Usrah by
Jamaluddin 'Athiyyah. Advice for parents who match their children; should
consider the impact of arranged marriages on children because not all children can
accept and understand the good intentions of their parents. Therefore, the readiness
and mental maturity of children is something that must be prepared long before
planning an arranged marriage, even from a relatively young age. For married
couples who marry because they are arranged; they should enrich themselves and
their families with the family resilience criteria in this research to create family
resilience in the household. For unmarried youth; they should seek as much
knowledge as possible about marriage and the dynamics of building a household.
This is important to prevent undesirable things after the marriage ceremony
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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