618 research outputs found
Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems
No full textOptical communication systems (OCSs) mainly represent the backbone of modern long-haul communication networks because of low loss transmission over long distances and ultra-high capacity. However high data-rate transmission through optical fiber suffers from deterioration due to nonlinear impairments, such as four-wave mixing (FWM) in particular. At high launch power levels, which are required for the long-haul transmission over hundreds of km, these nonlinear effects become more severe which imposes a challenge to achieve satisfactory transmission performance. In this paper, a theoretical model for the FWM effects and its mitigation is presented and validated through simulation results. Moreover, two other nonlinear effects, polarization mode dispersion and nonlinear dispersion variations are also investigated for various values of launch power level. The transmission performance of the proposed OCS model is evaluated on the basis of bit error rate, optical signal-to-noise ratio and quality factor using different transmission channel parameters such as effective area, nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear dispersion, and linear dispersion.
Table_S1 – Supplemental material for Evolutionary Analysis of Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 Reveals Positive Selection in Mammals
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S1 for Evolutionary Analysis of Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 Reveals Positive Selection in Mammals by Muhammad Jamil Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Muzammal Adeel, Aixin Liang, Hua Guohua, Saeed Murtaza, Riaz Hussain Mirza, Abdelmotaleb Elokil, Farman Ullah and Liguo Yang in Evolutionary Bioinformatics</p
Optical-Interference Mitigation in Visible Light Communication for Intelligent Transport Systems Applications
Get PDFIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are anticipated to be one of the key technologies for the next decade and their deployment can benefit from the recent developments in the domain of Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light Emitting Diode (LED)-based low-cost VLC is considered in this work to provide a practical approach towards the implementation of an ITS by addressing the major issues of channel noise, free-space optical multipath reflections and interference from light sources. An analytical model is presented for the proposed Multiple-Input–Single-Output (MISO)-based VLC, and simulations are performed to analyze the performance of the system for various transmission distances. Results show that the proposed optimal receiver for 4 × 1 MISO can provide considerable improvement in the bit error rate for the forward error correction (FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 in the presence of optical interference, and is suitable to support an ITS with an inter-vehicle transmission approach. The comparison of achieved performance with existing solutions for VLC-based ITS depicts that the proposed framework provides much higher data rates, three times longer transmission distance and improved receiver sensitivity
Determinants of adaptive behaviors during heatwaves in Pakistan: a study based on personal heatwave experiences and hypothetical scenarios
Get PDFمیاں محمد مرغوب کا شعری شعور ”ستارے ٹانکتے رہنا“ کے تخصیصی مطالعہ کے ساتھ
No full textThe basic recognition and acknowledgment of Mr. Mian Muhammad Marghoob, the author of “Sitary Tankty Rehna” is as a preceptor. He was bestowed with the innate quality of describing his inner-self in rhyme. In this way, he has been amalgamating his taste of poesy and artistic values while imparting knowledge to the students. His verse bears traditional modes, intellectual civilization and excellence in thought, manner and taste. His poetic intellect and modes of poetry show such a height of harmony that most of his verses are the proof of his excellence in the art of metrical form of literature. Conscious effort and inspirations, both are evident in his verse. The ripeness and maturity of his imagination and artistic value are the proof of his paragon perfection in verse
Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia treated with Tocilizumab in a Pakistani population: Variables impacting Outcomes
Get PDFBackground:
The association of severity of COVID-19 with raised Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels led to Tocilizumab (TCZ) approval for treatment based on its IL-6 inhibiting mechanism of action. Treatment outcomes reported have been variable, with little data from Pakistan.
Objective:
To identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables impacting outcomes (recovery or death) of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with intravenous tocilizumab in a Pakistani hospital setting.
Methodology:
A single-center, retrospective, descriptive case series was conducted at the National Hospital Postgraduate Training and Medical Centre, Lahore from April to December 2020. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia (oxygen saturation below 90%, chest HRCT severity score more than 15) administered intravenous tocilizumab was included. Not fulfilling the above inclusion criteria. Data was analysed to identify significant differences between expired patients and those discharged after recovery.
Results:
Forty-nine patients were admitted to intensive care/ high dependency units (ICU/HDU) with severe COVID pneumonia and treated with intravenous tocilizumab during the study period. The mean age was 61 years, with male predominance. Of the 49 patients, 23 expired. In the expired group lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher throughout the admission course, while D-Dimers plus the last available white blood cell (WBC) count, were significantly higher post-TCZ, as was odds of co-infection evidenced by positive blood cultures.
Conclusion:
Mortality correlated with increased inflammatory markers LDH and NLR ratio. Post TCZ raised D-Dimers may be indicators of fibrin microthrombi and prophylactic anticoagulation with TCZ may benefit such patients. High odds of secondary bacterial infection post-TCZ had a significant negative impact on recovery
A Study of Translational Errors at Syntactic Level in Intermediate Classes of Government Colleges of Lahore
Get PDFThis present study is an analysis of the translational errors at syntactic level in intermediate classes of the government colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. Hundred samples were collected from the three different government colleges of Lahore. Researcher was able to find out the causes and reasons of the translation errors in both languages. Since the aim of this study to investigate the translational syntactic errors: Sentence structure, Conditionals, Subject verb agreement, Participle, Gerund, Double Subject, Pronoun, Number, Passive voice, Relative Clause, Modifier, Conjunction, Tense, Article and Infinitive are included in it. These areas were selected on the basis of the translation from Urdu to English and English to Urdu in text book and the grammar portions that were included in the paper pattern of the intermediate classes. Researcher went on to explain the translational errors and gives the detail as well as plausible interpretations of the both translations
Proximate and nutrient composition of medicinal plants of humid and sub-humid regions in North-west Pakistan
No full textThe study was carried out to assess proximate composition and nutrient contents of five medicinal plant species collected from Northwest Pakistan. Bupleurum falcatum and Valeriana officinalis belongs to humid regions, while Forsskalea tenacissima, Lavandula angustifolia and Otostegia limbata belongs to sub-humid regions. Proximate analysis (total protein, fats, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture contents) were carried out following methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Macronutrients (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results revealed higher concentration of macronutrients in F. tenacissima and micronutrients in O. limbata. In conclusion, sub-humid region’s species are having higher nutritional value than humid region’s species
Pengembangan Game Edukasi Materi Barisan Aritmetika dalam Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi
Get PDFThis study aims to obtain a valid, practical and effective educational game on arithmetic sequence material in differentiated learning. This research is a type of development research that aims to produce a product in the form of an educational game. The development of educational games is carried out through ADDIE steps consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The subjects of the trial in this study were students of Class X.G of SMA Negeri 2 Kendari in 2024. The data collection instruments in this study consisted of a validation sheet used to determine the validity of the educational game, the performance of game level completion was used to obtain practicality information and learning outcome tests to determine the effectiveness of the educational game. The results of the study showed that (1) overall educational games were in the criteria of very valid and feasible to use, (2) the results of the performance analysis of the use of educational games showed that 100% of students presented with the help of educational games reaching easy, medium, or difficult levels, which means that the learning process was good and included in the practical category, (3) Based on the summative assessment, the results of the percentage of success in realizing the target level of educational games were 76.47%, which was included in the effective category. Thus, educational games are valid, practical and effective for use in differentiated learning.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh game edukasi yang valid, praktis dan efektif pada materi barisan aritmetika dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa game edukasi. Pengembangan game edukasi dilakukan melalui langkah-langkah ADDIE yang terdiri atas analisis, desain, development, implementasi dan evaluasi. Subyek uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas X.G SMA Negeri 2 Kendari Tahun 2024. Instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas lembar validasi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kevalidan game edukasi, unjuk kerja ketuntasan level game digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi kepraktisan dan tes hasil belajar untuk mengetahui keefektifan game edukasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) secara keseluruhan game edukasi berada dalam kriteria sangat valid dan layak untuk digunakan, (2) hasil analisis unjuk kerja terhadap penggunaan Game edukasi menunjukkan bahwa 100% siswa presentasi dengan bantuan bermain edukasi mencapai level mudah, sedang, atau susah yang berarti proses pembelajaran baik dan termasuk dalam kategori praktis, (3) Berdasarkan asesmen sumatif diperoleh hasil persentase tingkat keberhasilan realisasi target level game edukasi adalah 76,47%, yang termasuk dalam kategori efektif. Dengan demikian, game edukasi valid, praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi
Proximate and nutrient composition of medicinal plants of humid and sub-humid regions in North-west Pakistan
No full textThe study was carried out to assess proximate composition and nutrient contents of five medicinal plant species collected from Northwest Pakistan. Bupleurum falcatum and Valeriana officinalis belongs to humid regions, while Forsskalea tenacissima, Lavandula angustifolia and Otostegia limbata belongs to sub-humid regions. Proximate analysis (total protein, fats, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture contents) were carried out following methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Macronutrients (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results revealed higher concentration of macronutrients in F. tenacissima and micronutrients in O. limbata. In conclusion, sub-humid region’s species are having higher nutritional value than humid region’s species
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