36 research outputs found
The Emirate of Damascus in the early Crusading period, 488-549/1095-1154
No full textThis study "The Emirate of Damascus During the Early
Crusading Period 488-549/1095-1154 deals with this
Emirate which was established in 488/1095, after the
defeat and the murder of Taj al-Dawla Tutush near Rayy
in 488/1095 by his nephew Sultan Berkiyaruq Ibn Sult-an
Malik-Sh5h. The dominions of Ti al-Dawla, mainly in
Syria and the Jazira divided between his elder sons King
Fakhr al-Mullik Ridwan in Aleppo and King Shams al-Muliik
Ducfaq in Damascus. The Kingdom of Damascus comprized
south Syria and some parts of the Jazira such as al-
Rahba and Mayyafäriqin.
Zahir al-Din Tughtekln, who was Atabek of King Duclaq, became the de facto ruler of Damascus during the
reign of King Duqaq 488-497/1095-1104. After the death
of Duqaq, Tughtekin was to be the real Amir of Damascus,
and his dynasty was to gain control of the Emirate until
its fall at the hands of Niir al-Din Mahmild of Aleppo in
549/1154.
In this thesis, the following matters are discussed:
1. The conditions which led to the foundation of this
Emirate.
2. The role of Tughtekin in establishing his authority
in the Emirate.
3. The foreign policy of the Emirate, and the factors
which shaped this policy.
4. The effects (on the Emirate) of the coming of the
Crusaders particularly those of Jerusalem.
S. Internal rivalries in the Emirate, and their
influence on the stability of the Emirate and its
external relations.
6. The policy of alliances adopted by the Emirate and
the factors which affected this.
7. The influence of the growing power of Zangi of
Aleppo and Mosul (521-541/1127-1146) on Damascus and
why he did not succeed in annexing Damascus to his
united front in Syria and the Jazira aimed at
challenging the power of the Crusaders.
8. The reasons which helped Mir al-Din Mahmüd Ibn Zangi
of Aleppo to annex Damascus to his state in
549/1154.
9. The importance of the military power of Damascus and
Its role in protecting the Emirate.
Finally a concluding section sums up the achievement
of the Emirate of Damascus in maintaining its
Independence during the period and the role of the
Emirate in the Counter-Crusade
Medina in the Ayyubid period and the Shi'a influence upon it
No full textThe underlying concern of this thesis is to shed light on the history of Medina during the Ayyubid period, discussing and analysing the Shi'a emergence in the city in that time, and the transfer to them of power, the judiciary and the key religious positions. It also discusses their influence over the various facets of life there. The study comprises an introduction, six central chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter includes a general introduction, beginning with a historical background of pre-Islamic Medina, and then proceeds to present an overview of the importance of the subject and the reasons for choosing it. It then moves on to an exposition of the key issues which the study will discuss, and the methodology which it follows. The second chapter provides a concise account of the significance of Medina in the Islamic sources (the Qur'an and the hadith), discussing the role of the city and its inhabitants in their support for and propagation of Islam. It also gives a short account of the history of Medina following the death of the Prophet up until the Umayyad period, and briefly discusses the key historical events during that period. The
third chapter examines the state of the Islamic World prior to and during the Ayyubid period, and discusses the key historical events that occurred in Medina at that time and
their connection with what was happening in the Islamic World. The fourth chapter studies and analyses the emergence of the Shi'a in Medina during the Ayyflbid period, and examines certain accounts of this. It also tracks the history of the Shia in Medina prior to the Ayyübid period by providing critical examples of some of the accounts on the subject. The reasons behind the emergence of the Twelver Shia doctrine in Medina during the
Ayyübid period will also be studied and analysed, and the chapter will explain how the Shi'a came to assume the key political and religious offices in the city. Their relations with other Shi'a sects will also be examined, and the way in which their control of Medina came to an end will be discussed. The fifth chapter discusses political life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, studies and analyses the political
relations between the emirs of Medina and each of the neighbouring tribes, the emirs of Mecca, the sultans of the Ayyubid state and those of the Banü Rasül in Yemen, and
explains the influence of the Shi'a on these relations and the role which they played in the political life in the city. The sixth chapter discusses social life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, by studying the composition of civil society and its groupings, the distinguishing features apparent in each grouping, and the elements of social life and its economic conditions, as well as the constructive interplay between them, in order to present an accurate picture of the city's social life. The seventh chapter discusses the state of learning in the city during the Ayyübid period and the Shia
influence upon it, by examining some of the accounts mentioned by certain historians and travellers. It will also include a refutation of these negative accounts by presenting a thorough, extensive description of the state of learning in Medina, through studying the teaching lectures which were current in the Prophet's Mosque and the madrasas of that time, the kuttabs, the syllabuses, the teaching methods, the most notable 'ulama' and their key works, the role of the Sunni 'ulama' in the flourishing of learned activity and, lastly, the Shi'a influence upon it. The eighth chapter summarises and discusses the study's most
important findings and draws conclusions from them, before making suggestions for future research
Effect of Genetic Parameters on Some Growth Performance Traits of Harnai Sheep
No full text Present study was performed to estimates the genetic parameters forsome growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. The data was recorded for the period of 2004-2013 from the Multi-purpose research centre Yetabad, District, Baluchistan. The performance traits including birth, yearling, weaning and fleece weight was recorded for the estimation of genetic parameters. There was no significant difference was observed parity and Ram wise among some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. While the results for heritability, estimation for birth weight, yearling weight, weaning weight and fleece weight was observed low to medium for some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. It is concluded that low heritable and correlative traits mainly affected by the management, nutritional and temporary environmental conditions, hence improvement can be achieved through the better selection.</jats:p
Analysis of Growth and Carcass Traits of Dumbi Sheep Breed Male Lambs Different Management Systems
No full text Present research was performed on twelve male lambs of Dumbi sheep breed kept in 2 management systems at Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, | department of Livestock Management, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Animals were divided into two different groups. A groups animal were kept in semi intensive with provision of open grazing and concentrates while, Bgroup animals were kept in intensive management system with provision of green fodder and concentrate. Study was performed till 8 weeks and lambs were observed weekly foraverage body weight and carcass characteristics of both groups were recorded. The results of current study showed that average body weight of group A was (8.33 kg)found significantly high (P>0.05) as compared to the group B (6.86 kg). Moreover carcass characteristics of Dumbi lamb was also observed higher in group A as compared group B. While during comparison of the economical values of both groups, it was observed that group A was found more economical than group B. It is concluded that semi-intensive management system was found better as compared to intensive management system.</jats:p
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textNatalia V Bhattacharjee, Austin E Schumacher, Amirali Aali, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Samrawit Shawel Abebe, Olumide Abiodun, Hassan Abolhassani, Meysam Abolmaali, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Michael R M Abrigo, Dariush Abtahi, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Tadele Girum Girum Adal, Mesafint Molla Adane, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Adeagbo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Abiola Victor Adepoju, Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Shadi Afyouni, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Austin J Ahlstrom, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Sreelatha Akkala, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Mohammad Al Qadire, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Tariq A Alalwan, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Almaza Albakri, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Hediyeh Alemi, Sharifullah Alemi, Yihun Mulugeta Alemu, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Khalid F Alhabib, Noora Alhajri, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Abid Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Aligol, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Mohammad A M Aljasir, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A Alomari, Basem Al-Omari, Jaber S Alqahtani, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Hassan Alwafi, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Safwat Aly, Karem H Alzoubi, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Sohrab Amiri, Irene Gyamfuah Ampomah, Dickson A Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Pedro Prata Andrade, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Abhishek Anil, Sneha Anil, Adnan Ansar, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Saeid Anvari, SALEHA ANWAR, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Elshaimaa A Arafa, Mosab Arafat, Ana Margarida Araújo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Abdulfatai Aremu, Timur Aripov, Mesay Arkew, Benedetta Armocida, Johan Ärnlöv, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Zatollah Asemi, Saeed Asgary, Mona Asghariahmadabad, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Muhammad Ashraf, Tahira Ashraf, Marvellous O Asika, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Abolfazl Avan, Amlaku Mulat Aweke, Getnet Melaku Ayele, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui M S Azevedo, Ahmed Y Azzam, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Najmeh Bahmanziari, Ruhai Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Abdulaziz T Bako, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Madhan Balasubramanian, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Mehmet Firat Baran, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Erfan Bardideh, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Sandra Barteit, Zarrin Basharat, Asma'u I J Bashir, Hameed Akande Bashiru, Afisu Basiru, João Diogo Basso, Sanjay Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Kavita Batra, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Tahmina Begum, Emad Behboudi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Alehegn Bekele, Sefealem Assefa Belay, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Michelle L Bell, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Apostolos Beloukas, Isabela M Bensenor, Zombor Berezvai, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Paulo J G Bettencourt, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Atanu Biswas, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Veera R Bitra, Tone Bjørge, Elye Bliss, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Anca Vasilica Bobirca, Virginia Bodolica, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw Bogale, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Berrak Bora Basara, Souad Bouaoud, Dejana Braithwaite, Michael Brauer, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Dana Bryazka, Norma B Bulamu, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Yasser Bustanji, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Daniela Calina, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Fan Cao, Shujin Cao, Angelo Capodici, Giulia Carreras, Andrea Carugno, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Giulio Castelpietra, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Arthur Caye, Luca Cegolon, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Joshua Chadwick, Yaacoub Chahine, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Julian Chalek, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Periklis Charalampous, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Malizgani Paul Chavula, An-Tian Chen, Haowei Chen, Simiao Chen, Gerald Chi, Fatemeh Chichagi, Ju-Huei Chien, Patrick R Ching, William C S Cho, Sungchul Choi, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Eric Chung, Sheng-Chia Chung, Zinhle Cindi, Iolanda Cioffi, Raffaela Ciuffreda, Rafael M Claro, Kaleb Coberly, Alyssa Columbus, Haley Comfort, Joao Conde, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernández, Sriharsha Dadana, Omid Dadras, Tukur Dahiru, Zhaoli Dai, Bronte Dalton, Giovanni Damiani, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Mohsen Dashti, Anna Dastiridou, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Shayom Debopadhaya, Somayeh Delavari, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Dessalegn Demeke, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Xinlei Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Arkadeep Dhali, Kuldeep Dhama, Meghnath Dhimal, Vishal R Dhulipala, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Michael J Diaz, Adriana Dima, Delaney D Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Camila Bruneli do Prado, Sushil Dohare, Wanyue Dong, Mario D'Oria, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Leila Doshmangir, Robert Kokou Dowou, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Dsouza, John Dube, Joe Duprey, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sulagna Dutta, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Alireza Ebrahimi, Hisham Atan Edinur, Kristina Edvardsson, Ferry Efendi, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Michael Ekholuenetale, Maha El Tantawi, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Muhammed Elhadi, Legesse Tesfaye Elilo, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Amir Emami Zeydi, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Francesco Esposito, Kara Estep, Farshid Etaee, Natalia Fabin, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Saman Fahimi, Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Luca Falzone, Ali Faramarzi, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Sam Farmer, Andre Faro, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Pooria Fazeli, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joanne Flavel, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Behzad Foroutan, Matteo Foschi, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Kate Louise Francis, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, John E Fuller, Blima Fux, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Yaseen Galali, Silvano Gallus, Aravind P Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani, M.A. Garcia-Gordillo, Naval Garg, Rupesh K Gautam, Federica Gazzelloni, Semiu Olatunde Gbadamosi, Miglas W Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam, Tesfay B B Gebremariam, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Yohannes Fikadu Geda, Simona Roxana Georgescu, Urge Gerema, Habtamu Geremew, Motuma Erena Getachew, Peter W Gething, MohammadReza Ghasemi, Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Fariba Ghassemi, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Sailaja Ghimire, Asadollah Gholamian, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mahsa Ghorbani, Aloke Gopal Ghoshal, Arun Digambarrao Ghuge, Artyom Urievich Gil, Tiffany K Gill, Matteo Giorgi, Alem Girmay, James C Glasbey, Laszlo Göbölös, Amit Goel, Ali Golchin, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Houman Goudarzi, Alessandra C Goulart, Anmol Goyal, Simon Matthew Graham, Michal Grivna, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Stefano Guicciardi, Snigdha Gulati, David Gulisashvili, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Cui Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Annie Haakenstad, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Najah R Hadi, Nils Haep, Ramtin Hajibeygi, Sebastian Haller, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Nadia M Hamdy, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Qiuxia Han, Alexis J Handal, Graeme J Hankey, Md Nuruzzaman Haque, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Ikramul Hasan, Mohammad Jahid Hasan, S.M. Mahmudul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Md Saquib Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Ikrama Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Simon I Hay, Jeffrey J Hebert, Omar E Hegazi, Mohammad Heidari, Bartosz Helfer, Mehdi Hemmati, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamran Hessami, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mohamed Hsairi, Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh, Chengxi Hu, Junjie Huang, M Mamun Huda, Ayesha Humayun, Javid Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Afrin Iqbal, Md. Rabiul Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Linda Merin J, Jalil Jaafari, Louis Jacob, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Khushleen Jaggi, Kasra Jahankhani, Nader Jahanmehr, Haitham Jahrami, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Sabzali Javadov, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Sun Ha Jee, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Anil K Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Heng Jiang, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Vaishali K, Billingsley Kaambwa, Abdulkareem Kabir, Ali Kabir, Hannaneh Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rizwan Kalani, Leila R Kalankesh, Feroze Kaliyadan, Sanjay Kalra, Rajesh Kamath, Sagarika Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Edmund Wedam Kanmiki, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Sushil Kumar Kansal, Rami S Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Manoochehr Karami, Ibraheem M Karaye, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Hengameh Kasraei, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Molly B Kassel, Joonas H Kauppila, Foad Kazemi, sara Kazeminia, John H Kempen, Evie Shoshannah Kendal, Kamyab Keshtkar, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nauman Khalid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Alireza Khalilian, Faham Khamesipour, Ajmal Khan, Asaduzzaman Khan, Ikramullah Khan, M Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Moien AB Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Khaled Khatab, Armin Khavandegar, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Moein Khormali, Mohammad Ali Khosravi, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Wondwosen Teklesilasie Kidane, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Julie Sojin Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Kasey E Kinzel, Girmay Tsegay Kiross, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Gerbrand Koren, Oleksii Korzh, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Kewal Krishan, Varun Krishna, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Connor M Kubeisy, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Harish Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Kunle Rotimi Kunle, Om P Kurmi, Asep Kusnali, Dian Kusuma, Evans F Kyei, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Lucie Laflamme, Chandrakant Lahariya, Daphne Teck Ching Lai, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Iván Landires, Francesco Lanfranchi, Berthold Langguth, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, Heidi Jane Larson, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Kamaluddin Latief, Kaveh Latifinaibin, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Caterina Ledda, Munjae Lee, Paul H Lee, Seung Won Lee, Yo Han Lee, Gebretsadik Kiros Lema, Elvynna Leong, Temesgen L Lerango, An Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Shanshan Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Virendra S Ligade, Stephen S Lim, Ro-Ting Lin, Paulina A Lindstedt, Stefan Listl, Gang Liu, Jue Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Erand Llanaj, Rubén López-Bueno, Platon D Lopukhov, László Lorenzovici, Paulo A Lotufo, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Lugo, Raimundas Lunevicius, Hengliang Lv, Zheng Feei Ma, Kelsey Lynn Maass, Monika Machoy, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Azzam A Maghazachi, Soleiman Mahjoub, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Azeem Majeed, Jeadran N Malagón-Rojas, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malik, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Yosef Manla, Yasaman Mansoori, Ali Mansour, Borhan Mansouri, Zeinab Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Joemer C Maravilla, Mirko Marino, Abdoljalal Marjani, Gabriel Martinez, Ramon Martinez-Piedra, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Miquel Martorell, Sharmeen Maryam, Roy Rillera Marzo, Alireza Masoudi, Jishanth Mattumpuram, Richard James Maude, Andrea Maugeri, Erin A May, Mahsa Mayeli, Maryam Mazaheri, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Anna Laura Wensel McKowen, Susan A McLaughlin, Steven M McPhail, Rahul Mehra, Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, George A Mensah, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Mohsen Merati, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Abera M Mersha, Tomislav Mestrovic, Pouya Metanat, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, Adquate Mhlanga, Laurette Mhlanga, Tianyue Mi, Tomasz Miazgowski, Georgia Micha, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ted R Miller, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Roya Mirzaei, Ashim Mishra, Sanjeev Misra, Philip B Mitchell, Chaitanya Mittal, Babak Moazen, Abdalla Z Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Soheil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mustapha Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Sabrina Molinaro, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, 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Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textFunding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 1420 autors/es. Membres del GBD 2021 Forecasting Collaborators:
Stein Emil Vollset*, Hazim S Ababneh, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Hedayat Abbastabar, Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Atef Abdelkader, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Parsa Abdi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Abdorrahim Absalan, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Hana Jihad Jihad Abukhadijah, Giovanni Addolorato, Victor Adekanmbi, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Rishan Adha, Ripon Kumar Adhikary, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Faith Agbozo, Antonella Agodi, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Austin J Ahlstrom, Aqeel Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib 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Exploring nutritional supplement use for countering respiratory tract infections through an X (formerly Twitter)-based survey
No full textBackground: Respiratory tract infections are a common health issue, driving interest in preventive strategies like nutritional supplements, while evidence on their usage and effectiveness remains limited. In this context, social media platforms, particularly X (formerly Twitter), provide a unique opportunity to gather large-scale public health-related data. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to survey participants’ uses and opinions on nutritional supplements in prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections, by using X. Methods: A survey was conducted between 1st and 15th December 2022. A single open-ended question “Which are the best dietary supplements to counteract respiratory infections?“ was asked. One week after the start of the survey, a poll was posted to get more relevant information and boost the survey's reach. Total endorsements were calculated for each tweet posted as the total sum of replies, retweets, and likes. Results: The open-ended question received a total of 118 retweets, 39 quotes, and 371 likes, while the poll received 56 retweets, 13 quotes, and 67 likes. A total of 495 replies, 2,251 retweets, 5,118 likes, and 148 quotes were received for the question and its related tweets. Vitamin D (1,607 endorsements), zinc (1,347 endorsements), vitamin C (803 endorsements), magnesium (694 endorsements), and honey (661 endorsements) were the nutritional supplements that received most endorsements. Conclusion: Various foods, drinks, and natural ingredients have been suggested as potentially helpful for counteracting respiratory infections. Approximately half of respondents indicated using such supplements for themselves. The result of this study supports the idea that the X platform can be used as an effective survey tool to study global health-related behaviours and trends
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textData sharing:
To download the data used in these analyses, please visit the Global Health Data Exchange at https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd–2017 .GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators:
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Shanshan Li, Yichong Li, Xiaofeng Liang, Yu Liao, Misgan Legesse Liben, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Miteku Andualem Limenih, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Katharine J Looker, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Tim C D Lucas, Raimundas Lunevicius, Ronan A Lyons, Stefan Ma, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Mark T Mackay, Emilie R Maddison, Fabiana Madotto, Dhaval P Maghavani, Hue Thi Mai, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Ana-Laura Manda, Helena Manguerra, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Joemer C Maravilla, Wagner Marcenes, Ashley Marks, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Ira Martopullo, Winfried März, Melvin B Marzan, João Massano, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Manu Raj Mathur, Pallab K Maulik, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Brian J McMahon, Suresh Mehata, Ravi Mehrotra, Kala M Mehta, Varshil Mehta, Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez, Tesfa Mekonen, Addisu Melese, Mulugeta Melku, Peter T N Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Getnet Mengistu, George A Mensah, Seid Tiku Mereta, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Miazgowski, Anoushka I Millear, Ted R Miller, G K Mini, Mojde Mirarefin, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Philip B Mitchell, Habtamu Mitiku, Babak Moazen, Bahram Mohajer, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Moslem Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mohammed A Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Julio Cesar Montañez, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghobad Moradi, Mahmoudreza Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mehdi Moradinazar, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Joana Morgado-Da-Costa, Shane Douglas Morrison, Marilita M Moschos, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Kalayu Brhane Mruts, Achenef Asmamaw Muche, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Oumer Sada Muhammed, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Kate Muller, John Everett Mumford, G V S Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Ashraf F Nabhan, Chie Nagata, Gabriele Nagel, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Azin Nahvijou, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Hae Sung Nam, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Nahid Neamati, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Subas Neupane, Charles Richard James Newton, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Anh Quynh Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Ha Thu Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Huong Thanh Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Nam Ba Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Emma Nichols, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Molly R Nixon, Shuhei Nomura, Mehdi Noroozi, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Hamid Reza Nouri, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Mohammad Reza Nowroozi, Elaine O Nsoesie, Peter S Nyasulu, Christopher M Odell, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Pedro R Olivares, Helen Elizabeth Olsen, Bolajoko Olubukunola 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Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Theo Vos, Kia Vosoughi, Isidora S Vujcic, Fasil Shiferaw Wagnew, Yasir Waheed, Yafeng Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G Weintraub, Daniel J Weiss, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, Andrea Werdecker, T Eoin West, Ronny Westerman, Harvey A Whiteford, Justyna Widecka, Tissa Wijeratne, Hywel C Williams, Lauren B Wilner, Shadrach Wilson, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Alison B Wiyeh, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Charles D A Wolfe, Anthony D Woolf, Grant M A Wyper, Denis Xavier, Gelin Xu, Simon Yadgir, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Lijing L Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Yasin Jemal Yasin, Alex Yeshaneh, Ebrahim M Yimer, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Marcel Yotebieng, Mustafa Z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Chuanhua Yu, Vesna Zadnik, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Zandian, Heather J Zar, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Ben Zipkin, Maigeng Zhou, Sanjay Zodpey, Inbar Zucker, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Christopher J L Murray.Correction: Errata, June 20, 2019. Volume 393, Issue 10190e44June 22, 2019. GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1859–922—In this Global Health Metrics paper, Joan B Soriano has been added to the collaborators list; affiliation details have been amended for Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Tanuj Kanchan, and Yasin Jemal Yasin; and the declaration of interests statement has been amended for Boris Bikbov. These corrections have been made to the online version as of June 20, 2019.Background:
How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years.
Methods:
We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males.
Findings:
Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1–7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3–65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7–73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0–5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3–12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1–33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8–15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9–6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6–59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5–65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4–4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8–11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4–1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9–64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9–65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9–25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9–32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5–57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6–2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9–12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor
The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis
No full textBackground: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools.Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST.Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.</p
Global burden of vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, as one of the leading causes of vision impairment. We aimed to estimate global, national, and region-specific prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) along with tobacco as a modifiable risk factor to aid public policy addressing AMD. Methods: Data on AMD were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study 2021 database in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021. Vision impairment was defined and categorised by severity as follows: moderate to severe vision loss (visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (visual acuity <3/60 or a visual field <10 degrees around central fixation). The burden of vision impairment attributable to AMD was subsequently estimated. These estimates were further stratified by geographical region, age, year, sex, Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. Additionally, the effect of tobacco use, a modifiable risk factor, on the burden of AMD was analysed, and projections of AMD burden were estimated through to 2050. These projections also included scenario modelling to assess the potential effects of tobacco elimination. Findings: Globally, the number of individuals with vision impairment due to AMD more than doubled, rising from 3·64 million (95% uncertainty inverval [UI] 3·04–4·35) in 1990 to 8·06 million (6·71–9·82) in 2021. Similarly, DALYs increased by 91% over the same period, from 0·30 million (95% UI 0·21–0·42) to 0·58 million (0·40–0·80). By contrast, age-standardised prevalence and DALY rates declined, with prevalence rates decreasing by 5·53% (99·50 per 100 000 of the population [95% UI 83·16–118·04] in 1990 to 94·00 [78·32–114·42] in 2021) and DALY rates dropping by 19·09% (8·38 [5·70–11·53] to 6·78 [4·70–9·32]). These rates showed a consistent decrease in higher SDI quintiles, reflecting the negative correlation between HAQ Index and AMD burden. A general downward trend was observed from 1990 to 2021, with the largest age-standardised reduction occurring in the low-middle SDI quintile. The global contribution of tobacco to age-standardised DALYs decreased by 20%, declining from 12·45% (95% UI 7·73–17·37) in 1990 to 9·96% (6·12–14·06) in 2021. By 2050, the number of individuals affected by AMD is projected to increase from 3·40 million males (95% UI 2·81–4·17) in 2021 to 9·02 million (5·72–14·20) and from 4·66 million females (3·88–5·65) to 12·32 million (8·88–17·08). Eliminating tobacco use could reduce these numbers to 8·17 million males (5·59–11·92) and 11·15 million females (8·58–14·48) in 2050. Interpretation: While the total prevalence and DALYs due to AMD have steadily increased from 1990 to 2021, age-standardised prevalence and DALY rates have declined, probably reflecting the effect of population ageing and growth. The consistent decrease in age-standardised rates with higher SDI levels highlights the crucial role of health-care resources and public policies in mitigating AMD-related vision impairment. The downward trend observed from 1990 to 2021 might also be partially attributed to the reduced effect of tobacco as a modifiable risk factor, with declines in tobacco use seen globally and across all SDI quintiles. The burden of vision impairment due to AMD is projected to increase to about 21·34 million in 2050. However, effective tobacco regulation has the potential to substantially reduce AMD-related vision impairment, particularly in lower SDI quintiles where health-care resources are limited. Funding: Gates Foundation
