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Patta dan Opu dalam Pandangan Masyarakat Selayar (Studi Kasus pada Kecamatan Bontobangun dan Buki
Get PDFABSTRAK
MUHAMMAD ALIM IHSAN. Patta dan Opu dalam Pandangan Masyarakat Selayar (Studi Kasus pada Kecamatan Bontobangun dan Buki) (dibimbing oleh T.R. Andi Lolo, Wahyuddin Hamid, dan Edward L. Poelinggomang).
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan dan menganalisis persepsi dan respek masyarakat Selayar pada patta dan opu di era modern, apakah patta dan opu masih mempunyai legitimasi dalam masyarakat Selayar, dan implikasinya dalam kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, politik di Selayar.
Penelitian ini diawali dengan penyelidikan terhadap tinggalan-tinggalan dan jejak kesejarahan tentang eksistensi patta dan opu di Kabupaten Selayar, disusul dengan menyelidiki masing-masing infomasi tentang kerajaan yang pernah berjaya. Informasi mengenai keberadaan patta dan opu selanjutnya dikaji secara mendalam pada dua unit analisis yakni Kerajaan Bontobangun dan Buki. Pengenalan lebih mendalam atas data tentang kedua kerajaan ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan para keturunan raja serta pihak-pihak yang mengetahui masalah penelitian. Selain itu, mengamati berbagai arsip dan dokumen pribadi masyarakat.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi patta dan opu dalam propektif kesejarahan di Selayar menempati posisi sentral dalam struktur pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda hingga masa kemerdekaan. Kedudukan dan peranan patta dan opu secara sosiologi sangat strategis sebagai pemimpin dan pengayom masyarakat dalam berbagai kebutuhan hidup, sehingga peranan mereka, tidak sekadar sebagai pemimpin saja. Meskipun demikian, dalam perkembangannya peranan patta dan opu ini mengalami kemunduran terutama sejak terjadinya transformasi sosial pada masyarakat lokal akibat pengaruh modernisasi. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan sosial patta dan opu di Selayar adalah bidang ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, dan sosial.
Perubahan paradigma tentang tipe ideal mengenai pemimpin dari kriteria konvensional berbasis kebangsawanan menjadi paradigma modern yang bersandar pada indikator tingkat pendidikan, pada gilirannya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tindak perhormatan dan penghargaan masyarakat pada patta dan opu pada masyarakat Selayar. Dengan demikian, factor kunci perubahan sosial adalah ekonomi, pendidikan, politik, dan sosial.
Kata Kunci : Eksistensi Patta dan Opu
ABSTRACT
MUHAMMAD ALIM IHSAN. Patta and Opu in the Perception of Selayar People (a case Study in Bontobangun and Buki Sub-Districts) (supervised by T.R. Andi Lolo, Wahyuddin Hamid, and Edward L. Poelinggomang).
The objective of this research is to reveal and analyze the perception and respect of Selayar people about patta and opu in modern era, whether or not patta and opu still legitimated, as well its implication to social life, economy, and politics in Selayar.
This research started with investigations on the relics and historical trails of the existence of patta and opu in Selayar Regency, followed by the investigations on the respective glorious Kingdoms. The information about the existence of patta and opu is furthermore studied deeply on two analysis units namely former Bontobangun Kingdom and former Buki Kingdom. Further introduction regarding data information about these two ex Kingdoms is done through interviews with the descendants of the Kings and parties that are related to the objective of this research. On the other hand, studying personal files and documents is also done.
The result of this research shows that the existence of patta and opu, from historical perspective, held central position in Dutch Colonial Administration structure until Independent Day. The position and role of patta and opu were sociologically strategic as leader and patron of the society in many needs of life so their role is not just as a leader. However, through its developments, the role of patta and opu has deteriorated especially since the occurrence of social transformation of local society caused by modernization impacts. The factors that influence social changes of patta and opu in Selayar are the fields of economy, politics, education, dan social.
Paradigm changes on ideal type of a leader of conventional criteria with noble basis has become modern paradigm that is based on education degree that eventually has significant impacts on society admiration and respect acts of the society about patta and opu in Selayar society. Therefore, the key factors of the social changes are economy, education, politics, and social.
Key words: Existence of patta and opu
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only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
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Peran Single Parent Dalam Mempertahankan Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga Melalui Usaha Rumah Tangga (Citra Bakery) di Desa Polewali Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba
Get PDFThe main research question in this study is how single parents maintain family economic resilience through their home businesses and how they empower the community. The sub-questions in this study are: 1) What steps do single parents take to meet their families' economic needs in Polewali Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency? 2) What is the impact of a home business (Citra Bakery) run by a single parent on family empowerment in Polewali Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency? The purpose of this study is to determine the role of single parents in maintaining economic resilience through a home business (Citra Bakery) in Polewali Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency, and to determine the impact of a home business (Citra Bakery) run by a single parent on family economic empowerment in Polewali Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The data sources in this study are the home business owner and employees of the home business (Citra Bakery). Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data management techniques involve processing and analyzing collected data, editing the data, and clarifying its accuracy. The results of this study indicate that the steps taken by single parents are: 1) improving skills or self-potential, 2) building emotional resilience, 3) encouraging economic independence through home-based businesses, and 4) building relationships to gain economic support. The impacts of these businesses are: 1) economic empowerment, 2) skills empowerment, 3) independence empowerment, and 4) social empowerment. The implications of this research are: 1) business owners and employees are expected to continue developing skills, expanding relationships, and managing income independently to improve family stability. 2) business owners and employees are expected to maintain emotional resilience in facing the challenges of business and daily lifePokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini bagaimana upaya single parent dalam mempertahankan ketahanan ekonomi keluarga melalui usaha rumah tangga yang dijalaninya dan bagaimana usaha single parent dalam memberdayakan masyarakat yang ada. Adapun yang menjadi sub masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1) Bagaimana langkah- langkah single parent dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga di desa Polewali Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba? 2) Bagaimana dampak dari usaha rumah tangga (citra bakery) yang dijalankan oleh single parent terhadap pemberdayaan keluarga di desa Polewali Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba? Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui peran single parent dalam menjaga ketahanan ekonomi melalui usaha rumah tangga (citra bakery) di desa Polewali kecamatan Gantarang kabupaten Bulukumba dan untuk mengetahui dampak usaha rumah tangga (citra bakery) yang dijalankan oleh single parent terhadap pemberdayaan ekonomi keluarga di desa Polewali Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Adapun sumber data dalam penelitian ini pemilik usaha rumah tangga beserta karyawan usaha rumah tangga (citra bakery). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengelolaan data yang dilakukan dengan cara data yang dikumpulkan harus diolah dan dianalisis serta melakukan editing terhadap data dan proses mengklarifikasi apakah data tersebut benar atau tidaknya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa langkah-langkah single parent yaitu 1) menigkatkan keterampilan atau potensi diri 2) membangun ketahanan emosional 3)mendorong kemandirian ekonomi dengan usaha rumahan 4) membangun relasi untuk mendapatkan dukungan ekonomi. Adapun dampak dari usaha 1) pemberdayaan ekonomi 2) pemberdayaan keterampilan 3) pemberdayaan kemandirian 4) pemberdayaan sosial. Implikasi penelitian yaitu 1)diharapkan pemilik usaha dan karyawan terus mengembangkan keterampilan, memperluas relasi, serta mengelola penghasilan secara mandiri untuk meningkatkan stabilitas keluarga 2) pemilik usaha dan karyawan diharapkan untuk menjaga ketahanan emosional dalam menghadapi tantangan usaha dan kehidupan sehari-hari
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